Rarabewar iko

separation of powers
political concept (en) , Triad (concrete) (en) da Pentad (concrete) (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	political philosophy (en) da government structure (en)
Fuskar	risk management (en)
Hannun riga da	fusion of powers (en)

Ka'idar raba iko a aiki ta bambanta nau'ikan iko na jihohi (yawanci aiwatar da doka, yanke hukunci, da zartarwa) kuma yana buƙatar waɗannan ayyukan gwamnati su kasance masu rarrabewa a cikin ra'ayi da hukuma kuma a bayyana su, ta yadda za su kiyaye mutuncin kowannensu Don aiwatar da wannan tsari a aikace, anrraba gwamnati zuwa rassa masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu don aiwatar da ayyuka daban-daban (mafi yawancin majalisu, ma'aikatar shari'a da gudanarwa, wani lokaci ana kiranta da trias politica). Lokacin da aka keɓe kowane aiki ga reshe ɗaya, ana siffanta gwamnati da cewa tana da babban matsayi na rabuwa; alhali, lokacin da mutum ɗaya ko reshe ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da ayyuka fiye da ɗaya, wannan yana wakiltar haɗakar iko.

Tarihi

Bambance-bambancen ƙasa Kwanakin Jamhuriyar batutuwa masu alaƙa ikon Portal Siyasa zo Dada Polybius (Histories, Book 6, 11-13) ya kwatanta Jamhuriya ta Roma a matsayin gwamnati mai gauraya wacce Majalisar Dattijai, Consuls da kuma Tarikai na Roma ke mulki. Polybius ya yi bayani dalla-dalla tsarin lissafin kuɗi da ma'auni, inda ya yaba wa Lycurgus na Sparta da gwamnatin farko irin wannan.[I

Tsarin uku-uku

A lokacin yakin basasar Ingila, 'yan majalisa na kallon tsarin mulkin Ingila a matsayin wanda ya ƙunshi rassa uku - Sarki, House of Lords da House of Commons - inda na farko ya kamata ya sami ikon zartarwa kawai, da na biyu na biyu na majalisa. Ɗaya daga cikin takardun farko da ke ba da shawarar tsarin raba iko da sassa uku shi ne Instrument of Government, wanda Janar na Ingila John Lambert ya rubuta a 1653, kuma ba da daɗewa ba an amince da shi a matsayin tsarin mulkin Ingila na wasu shekaru a lokacin The Protectorate. Tsarin ya ƙunshi reshe na majalisa (Majalissar) da rassa na zartarwa guda biyu, Majalisar Dokokin Ƙasa ta Ingilishi da Ubangiji Kare, duk an zaɓe su (ko da yake an zaɓi Ubangiji Kare har abada) kuma suna duba juna.

Ra'ayoyin na rabon iko

Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da yadda za a bambanta ayyukan gwamnati (ko nau'ikan ikon gwamnati), ta yadda za a iya rarraba su a tsakanin tsarin gwamnati da yawa (wanda aka fi sani da rassan gwamnati, ko makamai). Akwai ka'idodin nazari waɗanda ke ba da ruwan tabarau na ra'ayi ta hanyar da za a fahimci rarrabuwar madafun iko kamar yadda aka samu a cikin gwamnatocin duniya na zahiri (wanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar ilimin ilimi na gwamnatin kwatankwacin); akwai kuma ra'ayoyi na al'ada, duka na falsafar siyasa da dokokin tsarin mulki, waɗanda ke nufin ba da shawara (ba na al'ada ko na sabani ba) don raba iko. An samu sabani tsakanin ka’idoji na al’ada daban-daban musamman game da abin da ake so (wanda ake so, a fannin falsafar siyasa, ko sharuddan, a fannin nazarin shari’a) rabon ayyuka ga takamaiman hukumomin gwamnati ko sassan gwamnati[ Yadda ake zayyana daidai ko kuma da amfani da ayyana 'ayyukan jiha' wani babban kashi ne na jayayya.