Rarraba iyaye
 Rarraba iyaye | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
parenting (en)  |
| Has characteristic (en) |
equal opportunity (en) |
Rarraba iyaye, mazauna ɗaya, wurin zama na haɗin gwiwa, kulawar juna, kulawar jiki da jiki, daidaitaccen lokacin tarbiyya (EPT) tsari ne na renon yara bayan saki ko rabuwa, wanda iyaye biyu ke da alhakin renon ƴaƴansu, tare da daidai ko kusa daidai lokacin haihuwa.[1] Tsarin tarbiyyar yara yana dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa yara suna da 'yancin su kuma amfana daga dangantaka ta kud da kud da iyayensu, kuma kada a raba wani yaro da iyaye.
Ana amfani da kalmar Raba Iyaye a lokuta na kisan aure, rabuwa ko lokacin da iyaye ba sa zama tare; akasin haka, auren iyaye da aka raba/rabuwa shine aure inda abokan haɗin gwiwa suka zaɓi raba aikin renon yara, samun kuɗi, ayyukan gida da lokacin nishaɗi a kusan daidai gwargwado a duk fage guda huɗu. Rarraba iyaye ya bambanta da rabuwar renon yara, inda wasu yara ke zama da mahaifiyarsu yayin da ɗaya ko fiye na ƴan uwansu ke zama da mahaifinsu.
Kula da gida na Tsuntsa wani sabon abu ne amma yana ƙara zama nau'i na tarbiya ɗaya wanda koyaushe yaro yana zaune a gida ɗaya, yayin da iyayen biyu ke bi da juna suna zama tare da yaron a wannan gidan.[2] Yin amfani da shi na dogon lokaci yana iya zama mai tsada saboda yana buƙatar gidaje uku, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman tsarin tarbiyya na ɗan lokaci na ɗan lokaci har sai iyaye ɗaya sun sami gida mai dacewa a wani wuri. Tare da yara biyu, yana iya rage buƙatun daga sarari a wurare biyu don 3+3 = mutane 6 zuwa sarari don 1+3+1 = mutane 5 a wurare uku, ga yara 3 lissafin shine 1+4+1 = 6 sarari maimakon 4+4 = 8 sarari. Samar da masauki na biyu ga kowane ɗayan iyaye, misali. a iyayensu ko sababbin abokan hulɗa, ko kuma a wuraren aiki masu nisa waɗanda ke ba da izinin tafiya a ƙarshen mako kawai, yana shafar yuwuwar.[3]
Yawanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shahararriyar tarbiyyar iyaye ɗaya, ko daidai lokacin haihuwa (EPT), ya ƙaru sosai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. A cikin Spain a cikin 2022, alal misali, 'Saboda sauye-sauye na doka, dokokin daidaitattun lokacin haihuwa (EPT) a Spain yanzu sun shafi kusan kashi 40% na duk kisan aure.' Yawaicin haɗin kai tsakanin iyaye da kulawa kaɗai ya bambanta a cikin ƙasashe, kasancewar yawanci a Scandinavia.
A wani binciken kwatankwacin da aka yi na kasashen yammacin duniya 34 da aka gudanar daga shekara ta 2005 zuwa 2006, yawan yaran da ke tsakanin shekaru 11 zuwa 15 da ke rayuwa a cikin tsarin tarbiyyar iyaye da kula da su kadai ya fi girma a Sweden (17%), sai Iceland (11%), Belgium (11%), Denmark (10%), Italiya (9%) da Norway (9%). Ukraine, Poland, Croatia, Turkey, Netherlands da Romania duk suna da kashi 2% ko ƙasa da haka. Daga cikin ƙasashen da ke magana da Ingilishi, Kanada da Burtaniya suna da 7% yayin da Amurka da Ireland ke da 5%.[4]
Rarraba iyaye yana karuwa cikin shahara kuma yana da yawa a cikin Scandinavia. A cikin 2016-2017, adadin a Sweden ya karu zuwa 28%; tare da kashi 26% na yara masu shekaru 0-5, kashi 34% a tsakanin masu shekaru 6-12, da 23% a cikin manyan yara masu shekaru 13-18.[5]
Binciken kimiyya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An gudanar da binciken cututtukan da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi yara an gudanar da su ta hanyar amfani da zane-zanen ƙetaren yanki da na dogon lokaci. Ƙaddamarwarsu ita ce, yaran da ke da tsarin tarbiyya ɗaya suna da kyakkyawan sakamako na jiki, tunani, zamantakewa da ilimi idan aka kwatanta da yara a tsarin tarbiyya na farko. Wannan binciken yana da alaƙa ga kowane rukuni na shekaru, ko iyaye suna da alaƙa mai daɗi ko kuma babban rikici, da kuma bayan daidaitawa ga masu canjin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.
Tare da ɗaukar farkonsa na haɗin gwiwar iyaye da kuma ingantaccen bayanan kiwon lafiya, an gudanar da mafi girman karatun kan tarbiyyar iyaye a Sweden. A cikin babban binciken da aka kwatanta da yara fiye da 50,000, shekaru 12 da 15, suna zaune a cikin ko dai tsarin kulawa na raba ko kuma kawai, Dokta Malin Bergström ya gano cewa yara tare da iyayen da aka raba sun sami sakamako mafi kyau ga lafiyar jiki, jin daɗin tunanin mutum, yanayi da motsin zuciyarmu, fahimtar kai, cin gashin kai, dangantakar iyaye, dangantakar kayan aiki da sakamakon zamantakewa, gamsuwa2. Yin amfani da bayanai daga binciken bincike guda ɗaya, Bergström ya yi nazari na gaba yana mai da hankali kan matsalolin psychosomatic na maida hankali, barci, ciwon kai, ciwon ciki, tashin hankali, rashin ci, bakin ciki da damuwa. Sun gano cewa duka yara maza da mata sun fi rayuwa a cikin tsarin tarbiyya ɗaya tare da tsarin kulawa kaɗai. Dukkan karatun biyu an daidaita su don zaɓaɓɓun masu canjin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Shared Custody Definition". Duhaime's Law Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2019-01-24
- ↑ "To Nest or Not to Nest in Custody Cases? That is the Question…". 21 February 2023
- ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/home/2025/07/09/birdnesting-co-parenting-divorce/
- ↑ Bjarnason T, Arnarsson AA. Joint Physical Custody and Communication with Parents: A Cross-National Study of Children in 36 Western Countries Archived 2017-11-19 at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 2011, 42:871-890.
- ↑ Statistics Sweden, Barns boende (växelvis boende, hos mamma, hos pappa, etc.) 2012—2017, November 11, 2018.
- ↑ Bergström M; Fransson E; Modin B; Berlin M; Gustafsson P; Hjern A (2015). "Fifty moves a year: Is there an association between joint physical custody and psychosomatic problems in children?". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 69 (8): 769–774. doi:10.1136/jech-2014-205058. PMC 4516006. PMID 25922471. S2CID 910426.