Rarrabawar Guthrie na harsunan Bantu

Rarrabawar Guthrie na harsunan Bantu
	language classification (en)
Bayanai
Suna saboda	Malcolm Guthrie (en)

Bantu
	Narrow Bantu
Geographic distribution	Africa, from approximately the equator south
Linguistic classification	Nnijer–Kongo Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu; ; ; ; ; ;
Subdivisions	Zones A–S (geographic);
Glottolog	narr1281
	The approximate locations of the sixteen Guthrie Bantu zones, including the addition of a zone J

An raba harsunan "Narrow Bantu " kimanin 250 zuwa yankuna na ƙasa da Malcolm Guthrie ya fara gabatar da su (1967–1971). Waɗannan an ba su haruffan A–S kuma an raba su zuwa shekaru da dama (ƙungiyoyi A10, A20, da sauransu); an ba wa harsunan mutum ɗaya lambobin raka'a (A11, A12, da sauransu), kuma an ƙara raba harsuna (A11a, A11b, da sauransu). Wannan tsarin lambar ya zama mizani don gano harsunan Bantu; hanya ce mai amfani don bambance harsuna da yawa waɗanda ba su da tabbas kafin gabatar da lambar ISO 639-3, kuma ana ci gaba da amfani da ita sosai. Yankin Guthrie S ne kawai ake ɗauka (wani lokacin) a matsayin ƙungiyar tarihin zuri'a. Tun zamanin Guthrie, an kafa Yankin J (wanda aka yi da harsunan da aka riga aka rarraba a cikin ƙungiyoyi D da E) a matsayin wata ƙungiyar tarihin zuri'a da ke kan iyakokin Manyan Tafkuna.

An fara taƙaita jerin, tare da hanyoyin haɗi zuwa labaran da aka yarda da su na ƙungiyoyin harsunan Bantu (jigogi masu ƙarfi na shekaru goma). Bayan haka ne cikakken jerin shekara ta alif 1948 , kamar yadda Guthrie ya sabunta a 1971 da kuma JF Maho a 2009.

Takaitaccen Bayani

Jerin da ke ƙasa yana nuna Guthrie kamar yadda Maho (2009) ya sabunta. Ba a haɗa harsunan Northeast Bantu da aka siffanta da Dokar Dahl ba, wanda ake tsammanin ƙungiyar zuriya ce, wadda ta ratsa tsarin Guthrie, kuma an rufe ta a Northeast Bantu . Sauran ƙungiyoyi masu labarai na musamman, kamar Southern Bantu (Yankin S) suma an taƙaita su ne kawai a nan, don haka jerin farko ya zama taƙaitaccen bayani da kuma ma'auni ga wasu labaran.

Ethnologue ya yi canje-canje da yawa ga Guthrie a ƙoƙarin sa rarrabuwar ta zama daidai a tarihi. Duk da haka, canje-canjen ba su daidaita ba, kuma ba a bi Ethnologue a nan ba, kodayake ana samunsa a bainar jama'a akan layi. Don haka lambar na iya nufin abubuwa daban-daban dangane da ko ana bin Guthrie ko SIL . (Duba hanyar haɗin da ke ƙasa don ayyukan lambar SIL.) Sabuntawa a cikin Maho (2009), a gefe guda, an tsara su don su dace da ƙimar asali na lambobin.

An daɗe ana raba Bantu zuwa rassan Arewa maso Yamma Bantu (Forest Bantu) da Tsakiyar Bantu (Savanna Bantu) bisa ga tsarin sautuka, amma babu wata yarjejeniya game da yankunan Guthrie (ko kuma waɗanne sassan yankuna) ya kamata su kasance a cikin ɗayansu, bambancin ra'ayi yana da shakku, kuma ba a bi su a nan ba.

Ƙungiyoyin zuri'a da aka yarda da su a cikin yankunan Guthrie suna da fuskoki masu ƙarfin hali.

Yanki na A

Jamhuriyar Kamaru, Equatorial Guinea, N Gabon.

A10 Lundu–Balong : Oroko (mai yiwuwa yana ɗaya daga cikin harsunan Sawabantu ); sauran harsunan banda A15 Manenguba (wato, Bonkeng, Nkongho, Bafaw-Balong ) na iya zama Sawabantu suma.
- A15 Manenguba (Ngoe) harsuna
A20–30 Sawabantu harsuna ; Bube (in Mbam?)
Harsunan Basaa (ragewa) A40a
Harsunan A50 na Bafiya
Harsunan A60+40b Mbam (An ƙara Jarawan bayan Guthrie)
Harshen Beti na A70
Harsuna A80–90 Makaa–Njem

A wani lokacin ana ɗaukar Yankin A a matsayin Forest Bantu.

An cire A60 na Guthrie da wani ɓangare na A40 ɗinsa zuwa harsunan Kudancin Bantoid Mbam . Sawabantu na iya haɗawa da wasu daga cikin harsunan A10 banda Manenguba, yayin da Bube na iya kasancewa a Mbam.

An tura Kudancin Bantoid Jarawan zuwa Yankin A ta hannun Gerhardt (1982) da Blench (ms 2006, 2011), musamman zuwa A60, cikin Mbam.

A cewar masana da dama, ciki har da Blench, ba za a iya samun wani ra'ayi mai ma'ana game da Bantu ba matuƙar an haɗa da yawancin harsunan Zone A da wataƙila Zone B.

Yanki na B

Gabashin Gabon, Gabashin Kongo, Gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

Harsunan B20 Kele (? Seki )
Harsunan Tsogo B10–30 (? Myene )
Harshen B40 (tare da wasu H10) Sira
Harsunan Nzebi na B50
Harsunan B60 Mbete
B70 (tare da wasu B80) harsunan Teke
B80 (an rage) Harsunan Boma-Dzing ( Tsong/Songo ?)

A wani lokacin ana ɗaukar Yankin B a matsayin Forest Bantu.

Yanki na C

NW DR-Congo, Arewacin Kongo

C10 (with some C30) Ngondi–Ngiri languages
C20 Mboshi languages
C30 (with Mongo, etc) Bangi–Ntomba languages (Lingala et al.)
C37+41 Buja–Ngombe languages
C42 Bwela
C40a Bati–Angba languages (Bwa)
C50–60 Soko languages
C70 Tetela languages
C80 Bushoong languages

A wani lokacin ana ɗaukar yankin C a matsayin Forest Bantu, wani lokacin kuma Savanna Bantu.

Akwai shawarwari kan manyan clades guda uku, Mboshi–Buja wanda ya shafi C10–20 da C37+41, da Bangi–Tetela wanda ya shafi C30 da C50–80 (Motingea 1996), da C40a tare da D20–30 a Boan .

Yanki na D

NE DR-Congo

D10 Mbole–Enya harsuna (? Lengola )
Harsunan D20a Lega-Binja
D20–30 Harsunan Komo–Bira, (tare da C40a) Boan
D28 Holoholo (watakila a NE Bantu )
D30 (unclassified): Guru (Boguru), Ngbinda, Kare (Kari), Nyanga-li (Gbati-ri)
D33 Nyali harsuna ( Beeke ? Ngbee ?, + Bodo ?)
D43–55 Harsunan Nyanga–Buyi
D54 Bembe (tare da Lega?)

D10, D30, da wasu daga cikin D20 da D40 wani lokacin ana ɗaukar su Forest Bantu, sauran kuma Savanna Bantu.

Yawancin D40–60 an mayar da su zuwa harsunan Great Lakes Bantu . Lengola, Bodo, da Nyali na iya kasancewa tare a matsayin Lebonya, da Beeke a Boan .

Yanki na E

Kenya, banda Swahili

An sake tura harsunan Zone E: E10–E40 zuwa harsunan Great Lakes Bantu ; E50 Kikuyu–Kamba (Tsakiya ta Kenya Bantu) da E60 Chaga–Taita zuwa Arewa maso Gabashin Bantu ; E70 Nyika zuwa Arewa maso Gabashin Bantu, galibi a Sabaki .

Yanki na F

W & C Tanzania.

F10 Tongwe-Bende
F30 (an rage) Harsuna Mbugwe–Rangi
Isanzu

An sake rarraba yawancin F20 da F30, gami da babban yaren Sukuma, a matsayin Arewa maso Gabashin Bantu, tare da Bungu zuwa Rukwa da Sumbwa a matsayin Manyan Tafkuna . Duk da haka, Mbgwe-Rangi suna samar da ingantaccen wuri da kansu.

A wasu lokutan ana sanya Isanzu a matsayin F30, a matsayin nau'ikan Nilamba, kuma wani lokacin ana tunanin cewa ragowar harsunan Bantu ne da ake magana a yankin kafin harsunan yankin F su iso.

Yanki na G

Gabas ta Tsakiya, Comoros, Tanzania

G50 (tare da Mbunga) Kilombero

An sake rarraba harsunan Zone G, G60 Bene-Kinga zuwa Northeast Bantu, da sauran rassan musamman zuwa harsunan Northeast Coast Bantu .

Yanki na H

Arewacin Angola, Gabashin Kwango

Harsunan Kongo H10 (ragewa)
H20 Kimbundu harsuna (? Songo )
H30–40 (tare da Yanzi) Yaka harsuna

A wasu lokutan ana ɗaukar H10 da H40 a matsayin Forest Bantu, sauran kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin Savanna Bantu.

An raba H10 Kunyi, Suundi, da Vili tsakanin B40 da L10. H40 ya raba tsakanin H30 da L10.

Kongo–Yaka na iya kafa iyali, wataƙila tare da B40 Sira .

Yanki na J

Uganda, Rwanda-Burundi, kusa da tabkunan Kivu & Victoria

Babban Tafkuna na J (wani ɓangare na Arewa maso Gabashin Bantu )

Yanki K

Gabashin Angola, Yammacin Zambia

K10 Chokwe-Luchazi harsuna
K31 Luyana
Harsunan K30 Kavango ?
K43 Mbukushu

Yanzu an rarraba K20 Lozi a matsayin Kudancin Bantu, musamman Sotho-Tswana. An sake rarraba wasu harsunan K30 a matsayin Kavango, amma Luyana zuriyarsu ce mai zaman kanta. An sake rarraba K40 Subiya–Totela a matsayin Botatwe, ban da Mbukushu, wanda da alama zuriya ce mai zaman kanta.

Yanki na L

Jihar DR-Congo, C Zambia

L10 (tare da wasu H) Harsunan Pende
L20–40 +L60 Luba harsuna ( Luluwa )
Harsunan L50 Lunda

An haɗa L20 Songe (banda wataƙila daga Lwalu ), L30 Luba, L40 Kaonde, da L60 Nkoya a matsayin Luban.

Yanki M

E Zambia, SE DR-Congo

M10–30 (tare da Bungu) Harsunan Rukwa
M40–50 (tare da Senga) harsunan Sabi
M60 (tare da K40 Subia) harsunan Botatwe

Sabi-Bobatwe na iya zama alaƙa. ^[2]

Yanki na N

Malawi da yankunan da ke kewaye, C Mozambique, N. Zimbabwe, W. Zambia

Harsunan Nyasa N20–40

N10 Manda an classified as Rufiji–Ruvuma, da N20 Tumbuka 'yare' Senga as Sabi .

Yanki na P

P10 Matuumbi and P20 Yao have been classified as Rufiji–Ruvuma, P15 Mbunga as Kilombero, P30 Makhuwa as Southern Bantu .

Yanki na R

SW Angola, N Namibia, N Botswana

R11 Umbundu (South Mbundu)
Harsunan Kudu maso Yammacin Bantu R10–30
R40 Yeyi

An haɗa R20 Ovambo, R30 Herero, da R10 banda Umbundu a matsayin Kudu maso Yammacin Bantu . Yeyi ya kafa zuriyarsa.

Yanki na S

Afirka ta Kudu, Botswana, Zimbabwe, S. Mozambique.

Harsunan S10 Shona
S20–60 (tare da P30) Harsunan Kudancin Bantu

Cikakken jerin (1948/2009)

Ga jerin asali daga Guthrie (1948), tare da duk ayyukan lambobi, kamar yadda Guthrie da kansa (1971) da JF Maho (2009) suka sabunta. Ƙungiyoyin suna da yanayin ƙasa, kuma ba lallai bane su nuna alaƙa tsakanin harsunan da ke cikinsu. Ana ƙara kalmomi a cikin baka don warwarewa. Lambobi a cikin baka canje-canje ne da aka yi a cikin Maho (2009); Maho (2009) ya ƙara harsuna a cikin baka. Harsunan Yankin J da aka gabatar an haɗa su a cikin yankuna D da E.

Yanki na A

A10: A11[101] Londo, A12[101] Barue, A13 Balong, A14 Bonkeng, A15 Mbo, [A141 Bafo, A151 Nkongho, mahara kari ga A101 Oroko]

A20: A21 Bomboko, A22 Baakpe, A23 Su, A24 Duala, A25 Oli, A26 Pongo, A27 Mulimba, [A221 Bubia, A231 Kole, adds to A24–26 Duala]

A30: A31a North Bobe, A31b Southwest Bobe, A31c Southeast Bobe, A32a Banoo, A32b Bapoko, A33a Yasa, A33b Kombe, A34 Benga

A40: A41 Lombi, A42 Bankon, A43a Mbene, A43b North Kogo, A43c South Kogo, A44 Banen, A45 Nyokon, A46 Mandi, [A441 Aling'a, A461 Bonek, A462 Yambeta ]

A50: A51 Fa', A52 Kaalong, A53 Kpa, A54 Ngayaba, [A501 Hijuk ]

A60: A61[601] Ngoro, A62 Yambasa, A63 Mangisa, A64[601] Bacenga, A65 Bati, [A621 Baca, A622 Gunu, A623 Mbule ]

A70: A71 Eton, A72a Ewondo, A72b Mvele, A72c Bakja, A72d Yangafek, A73a Bëbëlë, A73b Gbïgbïl, A74 Bulu, A75 Fang, [A751 South-West Fang ]

A80: A81 Mvumbo, A82 So, A83 Makaa, A84 Njem, A85a Konabem, A85b Bekwil, A86a Medjime, A86b Mpompo, A86c Mpiemo, A87 Bomwali, [ A801 Gyele 8, A3801 Byep, A832 Bekol, A841 Bajue, A842 Koonzime ]

A90: A91 Kwakum, A92a Pol, A92b Pomo, A93 Kako

Yanki na B

B10: B11a Mpongwe, B11b Rongo, B11c Galwa, B11d Dyumba, B11e Nkomi

B20: B21 Sekiyani, B22a West Kele, B22b Ngom, B22c Bubi, B23 Mbangwe, B24 Wumbvu, B25 Kota, [B201 Ndasa, B202 Sighu, B203 Sama, B204 Ndambolen , B205mo2 B251 Shake, B252 Mahongwe ]

B30: B31 Tsogo, B32 Kande, [B301 Viya, B302 Himbaka, B303 Bongwe, B304 Pinzi, B305 Vove ]

B40: B41 Sira, B42 Sangu, B43 Punu, B44 Lumbu, [B401 Bwisi, B402 Varama, B403 Vungu, B404 Ngubi, B411 Bwali ]

B50: B51 Duma, B52 Nzebi, B53 Tsaangi, [B501 Wanzi, B502 Mwele, B503 Vili ]

B60: B61 Mbete, B62 Mbaama, B63 Nduumo, [B602 Kaning'i, B603 Yangho ]

B70: B71a Tege-Kali, B71b Njiningi, B72a Ngungwele, B72b Mpumpu, B73a Tsaayi, B73b Laali, B73c Yaa, B73d Kwe, B74a Ndzindziu, B74b Boma, B75, B75, B75 Ngee, B77a Kukwa, B77b Fumu, B78 Wuumu, [B701 Tsitsege ]

B80: B81 Tiene, B82 Boma, B83 Mfinu, B84a[84] Mpuon, B84b[84] Mpuun, B85a Mbiem, B85b Gabas Yans, B85c Yeei, B85d Ntsuo, B85e Mpur 4 Mpe, B822 Nunu, B861 Ngul (Ngwi), B862 Lwel, B863 Mpiin, B864 West Ngongo, B865 Nzadi ]

Yanki na C

C10: C11 Ngondi, C12a Pande, C12b Bogongo, C13 Mbati, C14 Mbomotaba, C15 Bongili, C16 Lobala, [C101 Dibole, C102 Ngando, C103 Kota, C104 Yaka = 5Mka ), C104 Enyele C142 Bondongo, C143 Mbonzo, C161 Bomboli, C162 Bozaba ]

C20: C21 Mboko, C22 Akwa, C23[21] Ngare, C24 Koyo, C25 Mbosi, C26 Kwala, C27 Kuba, [C201 Bwenyi ]

C30: C31a Loi, C31b Ngiri, C31c Nunu, C32 Bobangi, C33 Sengele, C34 Sakata, C35a Ntomba, C35b Bolia, C36a Poto, C36b Mpesa , ^{[Name of Bangi lingua franca]} C36 C36e Boloki, C36f Kangana, C36g Ndolo, C37 Buja, [C301 Doko, C302 Bolondo, C311 Mabaale, C312 Ndoobo, C313 Litoka, C314 Balobo, C315 Enga, C321 Binza, C322 Dzamba, C323 Mpama, C371 Tembo, C372 Kunda, C373 Gbuta, C374 Babale ]

C40: C41 Ngombe, C42 Bwela, C43 Bati, C44 Boa, C45 Angba, [C401 Pagibete, C403 Kango, C411 Bomboma, C412 Bamwe, C413 Dzando, C414 Ligend54ku

C50: C51 Mbesa, C52 So, C53 Poke, C54 Lombo, C55 Kele, C56 Foma, [C501 Likile, C502 Linga ]

C60: C61a Northeast Mongo, C61b Northwest Mongo, C62 Lalia, [C63 Ngando, C611 Bafoto ]

C70: C71 Tetela, C72 Kusu, C73 Nkutu, C74 Yela, C75 Kela, C76 Ombo, [C701 Langa ]

C80: C81 Dengese, C82 Songomeno, C83 Busoong, C84 Lele, C85 Wongo

Yanki na D

D10: D11 Mbole, D12 Lengola, D13 Metoko, D14 Enya, [D141 Zura ]

D20: D21 Bali, D22 Amba, D23 Komo, D24 Songola, D25 Lega, D26 Zimba, D27 Bangubangu, D28a Yamma Holoholo, D28b Gabas Holoholo, [D201 Liko, D211 Kango, D25awe 8 Tuga Lumbwe ]

D30: D31 Peri, D32 Bira, D33 Nyali, [D301 Kari, D302 Guru, D303 Ngbinda, D304 † Homa, D305 Nyanga-li, D306 Gbati-ri, D307 Mayeka, D308 Bodo (1C Kaika, D308 Bodo ) D313 Ibutu, D331 Bvanuma, D332 Budu, D333 Ndaaka, D334 Mbo, D335 Beeke, D336 Ngbee ]

D40: [J]D41 Konzo, [J] D42 Ndandi, D43 Nyanga

D50: [J]D51 Hunde, [J] D52 Haavu, [J] D53 Nyabungu, D54 Bembe, D55 Buyi, [J] D56 Kabwari, [JD501 Nyindu, JD502 Yaka, JD531 Tembo ]

[J]D60: D61 Ruanda, D62 Rundi, D63 Fuliiro, D64 Subi, D65 Hangaza, D66 Ha, D67 Vinza, [JD631 Vira ]

Yanki na E

[J]E10: E11 Nyoro, E12 Tooro, E13 Nyankore, E14 Ciga, E15 Ganda, E16 Soga, E17 Gwere, E18 Nyala, [JE101 Gungu, JE102 Talinga-Bwisi , JE103] 1 Ruli

[J]E20: E21 Nyambo, E22 Ziba, E23 Dzindza, E24 Kerebe, E25 Jita, [JE221 Rashi, JE251 Kwaya, JE252 Kara, JE253 Ruri ]

[J]E30: E31a Gisu, E31b Kisu, E31c Bukusu, E32a Hanga, E32b Tsotso, E33 Nyore, E34 Saamia, E35 Nyuli, [JE341 Xaayo, JE342 Marachi, JE343 Songa

E40: [J]E41 Logooli, [J]E42 Gusii, [J] E43 Koria, [J] E44 Zanaki, [J] E45 Nata, E46 Sonjo, [JE401 Nguruimi, JE402 Ikizu, JE403 Suba / Suba -Simbiti 40JE, JE406 † Singa, JE407 † Ware, JE411 Idaxo, JE412 Isuxa, JE413 Tiriki, JE431 Simiti, JE432 Hacha, JE433 Surwa, JE434 Sweta ]

E50: E51 Gikuyu, E52 Embu, E53 Meru, E54 Saraka, E55 Kamba, E56 Daiso, [E531 Mwimbi-Muthambi, E541 Cuka ]

E60: E61[621a] Rwo, E62a[621b,622a] Hai, E62b[622c] Wunjo, E62c[623] Rombo, E63 Rusa, E64 Kahe, E65 Gweno

E70: E71 Pokomo, E72a Gyriama, E72b Kauma, E72c Conyi, E72d Duruma, E72e Rabai, E73 Digo, E74a Dabida, E74b[741] Sagala, [E701 Elwana, E731 E731 Sege

Yanki na F

F10: F11 Tongwe, F12 Bende

F20: F21 Sukuma, F22 Nyamwezi, F23 Sumbwa, F24 Kimbu, F25 Bungu

F30: F31 Nilamba, F32 Remi, F33 Langi, F34 Mbugwe

Yanki na G

G10: G11 Gogo, G12 Kaguru

G20: G21 [E74a] Tubeta, G22 Asu, G23 Shambala, G24 Bondei, [G221 Mbugu (Bantu rajista)]

G30: G31 Zigula, G32 Ngwele, G33 Zaramo, G34 Ngulu, G35 Ruguru, G36 Kami, G37 Kutu, G38 Vidunda, G39 Sagala, [G301 Doe, G311 Mushungulu (incl. Shanbara)]

G40: G41 Tikuu, G42a Amu, G42b Mvita, G42c Mrima, G42d Unguja, G43a Phemba, G43b Tumbatu, G43c Hadimu, G44a Ngazija, G44b Njuani, [ G40402 Mkwewa (Indiya), G411 Socotra Swahili, G412 Mwiini ]

G50: G51 Pogolo, G52 Ndamba

G60: G61 Sango, G62 Hehe, G63 Bena, G64 Pangwa, G65 Kinga, G66 Wanji, G67 Kisi, [G651 Magoma ]

Yanki na H

H10: H11 Beembe, H12 Vili, H13 Kunyi, H14 Ndigi, H15 Mboka, H16a South Kongo, H16b Central Kongo, H16c Yombe, H16d Fiote, H16e Bwende, H16f Laadi, H16g1 South East Kongo Hangala, H112 Kamba - Doondo, H131 Suundi ]

H20: H21a Kimbundu, H21b Mbamba, H22 Sama, H23 Bolo, H24 Songo

H30: H31 Yaka, H32 Suku, H33 [L12b] Hungu, H34 Mbangala, H35 Sinji, [H321 Soonde ]

H40: H41 Mbala, H42 Hunganna

Yanki K

K10: K11 Ciokwe, K12a Luimbi, K12b Ngangela, K13 Lucazi, K14 Lwena, K15 Mbundda, K16 Nyengo, K17 Mbwela, K18 Nkangala

K20: K21 Lozi

K30: K31 Luyana, K32 Mbowe, K33 Kwangali, K34 Mashi, K35 Simaa, K36 Sanjo, K37 Kwangwa, [K321 Mbume, K322 Liyuwa, K332 Manyo, K333 Mbukushu, K334 † Mbogedu, K351 Mulonga, K352 Mwenyi, K353 Koma, K354 Imilangu, K371 Kwandi ]

K40: K41 Totela, K42 Subiya, [K402 Fwe, K411 Totela na Namibia ]

Yanki na L

L10: L11 Pende, L12 Samba & Holu, L13 Kwese, [L101 Sonde §]

L20: L21 Kete, L22 Binji [

L30: L31a Luba-Kasai, L31b Lulua, L32 Kanyoka, L33 Luba-Katanga, L34 Hemba, L35 Sanga, [L301 Kebwe, L331 Zeela ]

L40: L41 Kaonde

L50: L51 Salampasu, L52 Lunda, L53 Ruund, [L511 Luntu ]

L60: L61 Mbwera, L62 Nkoya, [L601 Kolwe, L602 Lushangi, L603 Shasha ]

Yanki M

M10: M11 Pimbwe, M12 Rungwa, M13 Fipa, M14 Rungu, M15 Mambwe, [M131 Kuulwe ]

M20: M21 Wanda, M22 Mwanga, M23 Nyiha, M24 Malila, M25 Safwa, M26 Iwa, M27 Tambo, [M201 Lambya, M202 Sukwa ]

M30: M31 Nyakyusa, [M301 Ndali, M302 Penja ]

M40: M41 Taabwa, M42 Bemba, [M401 Bwile, M402 Aushi ]

M50: M51 Biisa, M52 Lala, M53 Swaka, M54 Lamba, M55 Seba, [M521 Ambo, M522 Luano, M541 Lima, M542 Temba ]

M60: M61 Lenje, M62 Soli, M63 Ila, M64 Tonga, [M611 Lukanga Twa, M631 Sala, M632 Lundwe, M633 Kafue Twa ]

Yanki na N

N10: N11 Manda, N12 Ngoni, N13 Matengo, N14 Mpoto, N15 Tonga, [N101 Ndendeule, N102 Nindi, N121 Ngoni na Malawi §]

N20: N21 Tumbuka, [N201 Mwera of Mbamba Bay ]

N30: N31a Nyaja, N31b Cewa, N31c Manganja

N40: N41 Nsenga, N42 Kunda, N43 Nyungwe, N44 Sena, N45[44] Rue, N46[44] Podzo, [N441 Sena-Malawi ]

Yanki na P

P10: P11 Ndengereko, P12 Ruihi, P13 Matumbi, P14 Ngindo, P15 Mbunga

P20: P21 Yao, P22 Mwera, P23 Makonde, P24 Ndonde, P25 Mabiha

P30: P31 Makua, P32 Lomwe, P33 Ngulu, P34 Cuabo, [P311 Koti, P312 Sakati, P331 Lomwe of Malawi, P341 Moniga ]

Yanki na R

R10: R11 Umbundu, R12 Ndombe, R13 Nyaneka, R14 Khumbi, [R101 Kuvale, R102 † Kwisi, R103 Mbali ]

R20: R21 Kwanyama, R22 Ndonga, R23 Kwambi, R24 Ngandyera, [R211 Kafima, R212 Evale, R213 Mbandja, R214 Mbalanhu, R215 Ndongwena, R216 Kwankwa , R217 R217 R2Esi Kwankwa R242 Kolonkadhi-Eunda ]

R30: R31 Herero, [R311 Arewa maso Yamma Herero, R312 Botswana Herero ]

R40: R41 Yei

Yanki na S

S10: S11 Korekore, S12 Zezuru, S13a Manyika, S13b Tebe, S14 Karanga, S15 Ndau, S16 Kalanga

S20: S21 Venda

S30: S31a Tswana, S31b Kgatla, S31c Ngwatu, S31d[311] Khalaxadi, S32a Pedi, S32b Lobedu, S33 Sotho, [S301 Phalaborwa, S302 Kutswe, S3030 Pai Pula

S40: S41 Xhosa, S42 Zulu, S43 Swati, S44 (Arewa) Ndebele, [S401 † Old Mfengu, S402 Bhaca, S403 Hlubi, S404 Phuthi, S405 Nhlangwini, S406 † 406 † 403 Hlubi Ndebele ]

S50: S51 Tswa, S52[53] Gwamba, S53 Tsonga, S54 Ronga, [S511 Hlengwe ]

S60: S61 Kwafi, S62 Tonga, [S611 Lenge ]

§: Waɗannan harsunan ba su da labarai daban-daban, kodayake suna iya dacewa da su.

Ƙarin Bayani na shekarar 2009

Baya ga harsunan da aka ƙara a cikin tsarin da ke sama, Maho ya haɗa da harsunan creoles da yawa, pidgins, da harsunan gauraye:

Mai tushe biyu: A20A Jo
Tushen Beti: A70A Ewondo Populaire
Na tushen Bangi: C30A Bangala, C30B Lingala
Mai tushen Shabunda: D20A Gengele
Tushen Amba: D20B † Vamba
Nau'i ɗaya: G20A Ma'a (rijistar gauraye)
tushen Swahili : G40A Asian Swahili, G40B Cutchi-Swahili, G40C Kisetla, G40D Engsh, G40E Sheng, G40F Shaba Swahili, G40G Ngwana (Congo Swahili), G40H KiKAR
Kongo tushen: H10A Kituba, H10B Munukutuba, H10C Habla Kongo (a Cuba)
Nkore-Kiga mai tushe: JE10A Runyakitara (na wucin gadi)
Mai tushen Luba: L30A Pidgin Chiluba
Mai tushe a Bemba: M40A Town Bemba
Kunda-tushen: N40A † Pidgin Chikunda
tushen Sotho: S30A Pretoria Sotho
Zulu tushen: S40A Fanagalo, S40B Iscamtho §, S40C † Shalambombo §
Mai tushe a Tsonga: S50A Pretoria-Tsonga §

§: Waɗannan harsunan ba su da labarai daban-daban a sharhin ƙarshe da editan Wikipedia ya yi.

Duba kuma

Jerin harsunan Bantu

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Narrow Bantu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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Hanyoyin haɗin waje

Rarraba Guthrie ta 1948, dalla-dalla, tare da kowace harshe mai lamba
Maho 2009. Guthrie 1971, dalla-dalla, tare da ƙarin abubuwa, gyare-gyare, da lambobin ISO masu dacewa kamar na Ethnologue 15. An bayyana ka'idojin coding a cikin Nurse & Philippson (2003). Su ne (tare da misalai da aka ƙirƙira):
Ana ƙara babban harafi don ƙarin yaren wani harshe da ke akwai. Wato, A15C zai zama yaren harshe A15 ban da yaren Guthrie A15a da A15b.

Ana ƙara lamba ta uku don ƙarin harshe. Idan za a iya gano danginsa mafi kusa, za a ƙara lambar a cikin wannan lambar. Wato, A151 zai zama harshen da ba Guthrie ba wanda ya fi kusa da A15 na Guthrie.

Idan ba a gano wani dangi na kud da kud ba, za a ƙara lambar a cikin lambar shekaru goma. Wato, A101 zai zama harshe a fannin ƙasa a cikin rukunin A10, amma ba ya kusa da kowace harshe na Guthrie A10 ba, ko kuma ba a san shi sosai don ƙarin rarrabawa ba.

Ana nuna kalmomin Pidgins da Creoles ta hanyar ƙara babban harafi zuwa lambar goma. Wato, A10A zai zama pidgin ko creole bisa ga harshe a cikin rukunin A10.

Samfuri:Narrow Bantu languages

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Narrow Bantu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Empty citation (help)

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