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Rashin ƙwayoyin cuta na teku

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Rashin ƙwayoyin cuta na teku
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na acidification (en) Fassara da Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli
Fuskar Canjin yanayi
Has cause (en) Fassara Canjin yanayi
Relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator (en) Fassara Target 14.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals (en) Fassara
Hannun riga da Inganta yanayin yanayi
Acidification na teku yana nufin cewa matsakaicin Darajar pH na ruwan teku yana raguwa a tsawon lokaci.

Tekun acidification shine ci gaba da raguwa a cikin pH na tekun Duniya. Tsakanin 1950 da 2020, matsakaicin pH na saman teku ya faɗi daga kusan 8.15 zuwa 8.05. [1] Fitar da iskar carbon dioxide daga ayyukan ɗan adam shine ainihin dalilin da ke haifar da acidification na teku, tare da matakan carbon dioxide na yanayi ( CO ) sama da 422 ppm ( As of 2024 ). [2] CO daga yanayi yana mamaye teku. Wannan sinadari yana haifar da carbonic acid ( ) wanda ke rarraba a cikin ion bicarbonate . ) da kuma hydrogen ion . ). Kasancewar ions hydrogen kyauta ( ) yana rage pH na teku, yana ƙara yawan acidity (wannan baya nufin cewa ruwan teku yana da acidic tukuna; har yanzu yana da alkaline, tare da pH mafi girma fiye da 8). Kwayoyin ƙididdiga na ruwa, irin su mollusks da murjani, suna da rauni musamman saboda sun dogara da calcium carbonate don gina harsashi da kwarangwal.

Canjin pH ta hanyar 0.1 yana wakiltar karuwar kashi % a cikin maida hankali ga hydrogen ion a cikin tekuna na duniya (scale na pH shine logarithmic, don haka canjin daya a cikin raka'a na pH daidai yake da sau goma a cikin ma'aunin hydrogen ion). Jihar pH na teku da carbonate sun bambanta dangane da zurfin teku da wurin. Ruwa mai sanyi da mafi girma na latitude yana iya shan ƙarin . Wannan na iya haifar da acidity ya tashi, rage pH da matakan carbonate a cikin waɗannan yankuna. Akwai wasu dalilai da yawa da ke tasiri ga musayar CO2 na yanayi-teku, kuma ta haka ne acid na teku na gida. Wadannan sun hada da raƙuman Ruwa na teku da yankuna masu tasowa, kusanci da manyan koguna na nahiyar, rufe kankara ta teku, da musayar yanayi tare da nitrogen da sulfur daga burbushin man fetur da noma.[3][4]

Ƙananan pH na teku yana da kewayon tasirin da zai iya haifar da lahani ga Kwayoyin ruwa. Masana kimiyya sun lura da misali rage calcification, rage amsawar rigakafi, da rage makamashi don ayyuka na asali kamar haifuwa.[5] Acidification na teku na iya tasiri ga yanayin halittu na ruwa wanda ke samar da abinci da hanyar rayuwa ga mutane da yawa. Kimanin mutane biliyan daya sun dogara ne gaba ɗaya ko kuma a wani ɓangare akan kamun kifi, yawon bude ido, da kuma ayyukan gudanar da bakin teku da aka bayar ta hanyar coral reefs. Ci gaba da yaduwar teku na iya yin barazana ga sarkar abinci da ke da alaƙa da teku [6]

Ɗaya daga cikin mafita kawai da za su magance tushen tushen acidization na teku shine rage hayakin carbon dioxide. Wannan yana daya daga cikin manyan manufofi na matakan rage sauyin yanayi. Cire carbon dioxide daga sararin samaniya zai kuma taimaka wajen juyar da acidity na teku. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu takamaiman Hanyoyin ragewa na teku, misali inganta alkalinity na teku da inganta yanayin yanayi. Wadannan dabarun suna karkashin bincike, amma gabaɗaya suna da ƙarancin shirye-shiryen fasaha da haɗari da yawa.[7]

Acidification na teku ya faru a baya a cikin tarihin yanayi ƙasa na Duniya. Sakamakon rushewar muhalli a cikin teku yana da tasiri na dogon lokaci a kan sake zagayowar carbon da yanayi na duniya.

Babban tasirin

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Ilimin sunadarai na teku yana canzawa saboda ɗaukar carbon dioxide na anthropogenic (CO 2 ). :395Ocean pH, carbonate ion maida hankali ([CO 3 2- ]), da kuma calcium carbonate ma'adinai jikewa jihohi (Ω) sun kasance suna raguwa a sakamakon sama da kusan 30% na anthropogenic carbon dioxide watsi a cikin 270 shekaru (tun a kusa da 1750). Wannan tsari, wanda aka fi sani da "ocean acidification", yana sanya shi da wahala ga na'urorin ƙididdiga na ruwa don gina harsashi ko tsarin kwarangwal, yana barazana ga raƙuman murjani da faffadan halittun ruwa. [8]

An kira acidization na teku "mummunan tagwaye na dumamar duniya" da "sauran matsalar CO2". [9] [10] Karin yanayin zafi na teku da asarar iskar oxygen suna aiki tare da yaduwar teku kuma sun zama "mutuwa uku" na matsin canjin yanayi a kan yanayin ruwa.[11] Tasirin wannan zai kasance mafi tsanani ga coral reefs da sauran kwayoyin ruwa, da kuma wadanda suka dogara da ayyukan yanayin da suke bayarwa.[12][13]

Rage darajar pH

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Rage CO2 a cikin ruwan teku yana ƙara yawan Hydrogen ion (H +) a cikin teku, kuma ta haka ne ya rage pH na teku, kamar haka: [14]

Samfuri:CO2 (aq) + H2O Samfuri:Eqm H2CO3 Samfuri:Eqm HCO3− + H+ Samfuri:Eqm CO32− + 2 H+.

A cikin yankuna masu zurfi da ke bakin teku, abubuwa da yawa suna hulɗa don shafar musayar ta iska da teku da kuma sakamakon canjin pH.[15][16] Wadannan sun hada da matakai na halitta, kamar photosynthesis da numfashi, da kuma ruwa. [17][18] Har ila yau, metabolism na yanayin halittu a cikin tushen ruwa mai laushi da ke kaiwa ga ruwan bakin teku na iya haifar da manyan, amma na gida, canje-canje na pH.[15]

Jikin ruwa mai laushi kuma ya bayyana yana da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta, kodayake wannan abu ne mai rikitarwa kuma ba a bayyane yake ba.[19][20]

Shawo kan CO2 daga yanayi ba ya shafar alkalinity na teku. ::2252 Wannan yana da mahimmanci a sani a cikin wannan mahallin kamar yadda alkalinity shine ikon ruwa don tsayayya da acidization. An gabatar da Inganta alkalinity na teku a matsayin zaɓi ɗaya don ƙara alkalinity zuwa teku sabili da haka don hana canje-canjen pH.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Terhaar, Jens; Frölicher, Thomas L.; Joos, Fortunat (2023). "Ocean acidification in emission-driven temperature stabilization scenarios: the role of TCRE and non-[[:Samfuri:CO2]] greenhouse gases". Environmental Research Letters (in Turanci). 18 (2): 024033. Bibcode:2023ERL....18b4033T. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acaf91. ISSN 1748-9326. S2CID 255431338 Check |s2cid= value (help). Figure 1f URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  2. ↑ Oxygen, Pro (2024-09-21). "Earth's CO2 Home Page". Retrieved 2024-09-21.
  3. ↑ Zhang, Y.; Yamamoto-Kawai, M.; Williams, W.J. (2020-02-16). "Two Decades of Ocean Acidification in the Surface Waters of the Beaufort Gyre, Arctic Ocean: Effects of Sea Ice Melt and Retreat From 1997–2016". Geophysical Research Letters. 47 (3). doi:10.1029/2019GL086421. S2CID 214271838.
  4. ↑ Beaupré-Laperrière, Alexis; Mucci, Alfonso; Thomas, Helmuth (2020-07-31). "The recent state and variability of the carbonate system of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and adjacent basins in the context of ocean acidification". Biogeosciences. 17 (14): 3923–3942. Bibcode:2020BGeo...17.3923B. doi:10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020. S2CID 221369828.
  5. ↑ Anthony, K. R. N.; Kline, D. I.; Diaz-Pulido, G.; Dove, S.; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (11 November 2008). "Ocean acidification causes bleaching and productivity loss in coral reef builders". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (45): 17442–17446. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10517442A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0804478105. PMC 2580748. PMID 18988740.
  6. ↑ Service, Robert E. (13 July 2012). "Rising Acidity Brings an Ocean of Trouble". Science. 337 (6091): 146–148. Bibcode:2012Sci...337..146S. doi:10.1126/science.337.6091.146. PMID 22798578.
  7. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US:12–36
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Jian2019
  9. ↑ Notman, Nina (29 July 2014). "The other carbon dioxide problem". Chemistry World.
  10. ↑ Rogers, Alex (9 October 2013). "Global warming's evil twin: ocean acidification". The Conversation.
  11. ↑ "Ocean acidification (Issues Brief)" (PDF). IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). November 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  12. ↑ Brander, Luke M.; Rehdanz, Katrin; Tol, Richard S. J.; Van Beukering, Pieter J. H. (2012-02-01). "The economic impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs". Climate Change Economics. 03 (1): 1250002. Bibcode:2012ClChE...350002B. doi:10.1142/S2010007812500029. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  13. ↑ Allemand, Denis; Osborn, David (2019). "Ocean acidification impacts on coral reefs: From sciences to solutions". Regional Studies in Marine Science. 28. Bibcode:2019RSMS...2800558A. doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100558. S2CID 135282569.
  14. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  15. 1 2 Carstensen, Jacob; Duarte, Carlos M. (2019-04-16). "Drivers of pH Variability in Coastal Ecosystems". Environmental Science & Technology. 53 (8): 4020–4029. Bibcode:2019EnST...53.4020C. doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b03655. PMID 30892892. S2CID 84841808.
  16. ↑ Duarte, Carlos M.; Hendriks, Iris E.; Moore, Tommy S.; Olsen, Ylva S.; Steckbauer, Alexandra; Ramajo, Laura; Carstensen, Jacob; Trotter, Julie A.; McCulloch, Malcolm (2013-03-01). "Is Ocean Acidification an Open-Ocean Syndrome? Understanding Anthropogenic Impacts on Seawater pH". Estuaries and Coasts. 36 (2): 221–236. Bibcode:2013EstCo..36..221D. doi:10.1007/s12237-013-9594-3.
  17. ↑ Lowe, Alexander T.; Bos, Julia; Ruesink, Jennifer (2019-01-30). "Ecosystem metabolism drives pH variability and modulates long-term ocean acidification in the Northeast Pacific coastal ocean". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 963. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9..963L. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37764-4. PMC 6353961. PMID 30700764.
  18. ↑ Fairchild, William; Hales, Burke (2021). "High-Resolution Carbonate System Dynamics of Netarts Bay, OR From 2014 to 2019". Frontiers in Marine Science. 7. Bibcode:2021FrMaS...790236F. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.590236.
  19. ↑ Gies, E. (11 January 2018). "Like Oceans, Freshwater Is Also Acidifying". Scientific American. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
  20. ↑ Weiss, L. C.; Pötter, L.; Steiger, A.; Kruppert, S.; Frost, U.; Tollrian, R. (2018). "Rising pCO2 in Freshwater Ecosystems Has the Potential to Negatively Affect Predator-Induced Defenses in Daphnia". Current Biology. 28 (2): 327–332.e3. Bibcode:2018CBio...28E.327W. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.022. PMID 29337079.
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