Rashin Gaskiya na Hockey
The Hockey Stick Illusion: Climategate and the Corruption of Science littafi ne wanda Andrew Montford ya rubuta kuma Stacey International ta buga shi a cikin 2010, wanda ke inganta musanta canjin yanayi.[1]
Montford, mai lissafi da mai wallafa kimiyya wanda ke buga shafin yanar gizon da ake kira 'Bishop Hill', ya rubuta game da "hoton hockey" na yanayin zafi na duniya na shekaru 1000 da suka gabata.[2] An soki littafin saboda rashin daidaito.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar Montford, a shekara ta 2005 ya bi hanyar haɗi daga shafin yanar gizon siyasa na Burtaniya zuwa shafin yanar gizon Climate Audit. Yayinda yake karanta shafin, Montford ya lura cewa sabbin masu karatu galibi suna tambaya idan akwai gabatarwa ga shafin da labarin jayayya ta hockey. A shekara ta 2008, bayan labarin Caspar Ammann na "da ake zaton" sake fasalin sandar hockey ya zama sananne, Montford ya rubuta nasa taƙaitaccen rikitarwa.
Montford ya buga taƙaitaccen bayani a shafin yanar gizon Bishop Hill kuma ya kira shi Caspar da takardar Yesu. Montford ya bayyana cewa kalmar labarinsa ta sa zirga-zirgar da ke shafin yanar gizonsa ta karu daga daruruwan mutane a rana zuwa 30,000 a cikin kwanaki uku kawai. Montford ya kara da cewa akwai kuma ƙoƙari na amfani da labarinsa a matsayin tushen Wikipedia. Bayan da Montford ya ga hoton hockey da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin littafin kimiyya da yake bita, sai ya yanke shawarar fadada labarinsa zuwa nau'in littafi.
Bayani game da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
The Hockey Stick Illusion ya fara tsara taƙaitaccen tarihin kimiyyar canjin yanayi tare da mai da hankali kan bayanin lokacin zafi na zamani a cikin rahoton IPCC na farko a cikin 1990, tare da haɗa shi da tsarin da ya danganci yanayin zafi na tsakiyar Ingila wanda Montford ya bayyana a matsayin wakilcin ilimin gama gari a wannan lokacin. Daga nan sai ya yi jayayya cewa buƙatar juyar da wannan "tsarin da aka saka da kyau" ta sadu da littafin 1998 na Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley da Malcolm K. Hughes na "hoton hockey" a cikin Nature. Littafin ya bayyana yadda Steve McIntyre ya fara sha'awar jadawalin a cikin 2002 da matsalolin da ya samu wajen kwaikwayon sakamakon "MBH98" (bincike na asali na 1998) ta amfani da bayanan da ke akwai, da ƙarin bayanan da Mann ya ba shi akan buƙata. Ya ba da cikakken bayani game da buga takarda da McIntyre da Ross McKitrick suka yi a shekara ta 2003 wanda ya soki MBH98, kuma ya biyo bayan Mann da abokan aikinsa. Littafin ya ba da martani ga jayayya game da jadawalin, gami da binciken da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kasa da Edward Wegman suka yi da kuma sauraron da aka gudanar a kan jadawalin a gaban Kwamitin Makamashi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Kulawa da Bincike. Kokarin da wasu masana kimiyya suka dauka don tabbatar da aikin Mann da kuma martani na McIntyre da sauransu ga waɗannan kokarin an bayyana su.
Babi na ƙarshe na littafin yana magana ne game da abin da littafin ke kira "Climategate". A nan, marubucin ya kwatanta imel da yawa da shaidar da ya gabatar a cikin The Hockey Stick Illusion . Montford yana mai da hankali kan waɗancan imel ɗin da ke hulɗa da tsarin bita na tsara da kuma yadda waɗannan suka shafi ƙoƙarin Stephen McIntyre na samun bayanai da hanyoyin daga ayyukan Mann da sauran masana kimiyyar halittu da aka buga.
Karɓar baƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Montford ya shirya don bayar da cikakken bayani fiye da yadda Ross McKitrick ya rubuta yana kwatanta shari'ar da shi da McIntyre suka samar game da sake fasalin yanayi na MBH, kuma lokacin da McKitrick ta ba da gudummawa ga tarin 2014 da Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a ta buga, ya buɗe tare da jumla yana cewa "mafi kyawun wuri don farawa lokacin da yake koyo game da sandar hockey shine littafin Andrew Montford mai kyau".[1][1][2] Matt Ridley ya tattauna shi a cikin The Spectator, kuma a cikin mujallar Prospect ya ce an "rubuta littafin da alheri da basira" kuma ya cancanci lashe kyaututtuka, yayin da ya yarda cewa yana da sha'awar kudi a hakar kwal.
Sauran masu bita sun soki littafin kamar yadda yake samar da murfin mutane da ke adawa da mataki kan canjin yanayi. Bob Ward a cikin The Guardian ya bayyana yadda "Montford's entertainment conspiracy yarn" ya gabatar da muhawara bisa ga "bayyana rashin daidaito". A cikin Geoscientist, Ward ya ce "mai ban mamaki yarn na Montford ya dogara ne akan wani ɓarna da kuma bangare ɗaya na abubuwan da suka faru, cike da rashin daidaito". Nick Hewitt a cikin Chemistry World ya tsara ainihin kimiyyar lissafi na canjin yanayi, kuma ya ce, ba za su iya yin jayayya da wannan ba, masu musanta yanayi, " (ko masu shakka kamar yadda aka bayyana su a cikin wannan littafin) sun yi ƙoƙari su lalata masana kimiyya na yanayi da yadda suke aiki", suna kammala cewa "Masu karatu na Chemistry Duniya za su sami abubuwa mafi kyau su yi fiye da wannan littafin pedantic. Richard Joyner, a rubuce a cikin Prospect, ya bayyana shi a matsayin "litary book don hana cikakken tsarin canza yanayin".[1]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Rikici na Binciken Yanayi na Yanayi
- Tarihin yanayi
- Lokacin zafi na zamani
- Rikici game da dumamar yanayi
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Joyner, Richard (2010-08-23). "Mean-spirited scepticism".
- ↑ "House of Commons Science and Technology Committee - Memorandum submitted by Andrew Montford (CRU 36) - The disclosure of climate data from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia, Session 2009-2010 - Science and Technology Committee". UK Parliament. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
Littattafai da ƙarin karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Montford, Andrew (2008-08-11). "Caspar and the Jesus paper". Retrieved 2010-04-01.
- PAGES 2k Consortium (11 July 2017). "A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era - Scientific Data". Scientific Data. 4 (1): 170088. doi:10.1038/sdata.2017.88. PMC 5505119. PMID 28696409.
Haɗin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tattaunawa da Andrew Montford a The RegisterRubuce-rubuce