Rashin Kwaminisanci a Ukraine

Rashin Kwaminisanci a Ukraine
aspect in a geographic region (en) da gwadabiya
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	decommunization (en)
Fuskar	decommunization (en)
Ƙasa	Ukraniya
Lokacin farawa	1990s

Halakar mutum-mutumi na Lenin a Kyiv a lokacin zanga-zangar Euromaidan ta 1 ga Disamba 20131 ga Disamba 2013 zanga-zangar Euromaidan

Rushewar kariyar al'umma a Ukraine ya fara ne a lokacin rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1991 kuma ya faɗaɗa daga baya. Bayan juyin juya halin 2014 na mutunci da kuma farkon Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine, gwamnatin Ukraine ta amince da dokoki da suka haramta alamomin gurguzu, da kuma alamomin Nazism domin akidun biyu an ɗauke su a matsayin mulkin kama-karya.

A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2015, Shugaba Petro Poroshenko ya sanya hannu kan wasu dokoki waɗanda suka fara tsawon watanni shida don cire abubuwan tunawa na kwaminisanci na Soviet (ba tare da abubuwan tunawa na yakin duniya na biyu ba) da sake sunan wuraren jama'a waɗanda aka sanya musu suna bayan kwaminisancin Soviet. A lokacin, wannan yana nufin cewa an shirya birane 22 da ƙauyuka 44 don samun sabbin sunaye. Har zuwa 21 ga Nuwamba 2015, gwamnatocin birni suna da ikon aiwatar da wannan; idan sun kasa yin hakan, yankuna sun kasance har zuwa 21 ga Mayu 2016 don canza sunayen. Idan har yanzu ƙauyen ya ci gaba da tsohon sunansa, Ma'aikatar Ministocin Ukraine na iya ba da sabon suna ga ƙauyen. Rashin bin doka yana haifar da hukuncin yiwuwar haramtacciyar kafofin watsa labarai da hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na shekaru biyar zuwa goma.

A farkon matakan rikici na Rasha da Ukraine, Oleksandr Turchynov ya yi zargin cewa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Ukraine tana taimakawa masu rabuwa da Rasha da Sojojin Rasha a kasar. A watan Yulin 2015, Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta kwace Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, Jam'iyyar Kwamaminis ta Ukraine (wanda aka sabunta), da Jam'iyyar Kaminis ta Ma'aikata da Manoma daga hakkinsu na shiga cikin zabe kuma ta bayyana cewa tana ci gaba da ayyukan kotu don kawo karshen rajistar Jam'iyyun kwaminisanci a Ukraine. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, an dakatar da waɗannan jam'iyyun, saboda shiga cikin keta ikon mallakar Ukraine da amincin yankin, haifar da juyin mulkin mallaka na jihar, da kuma tallafawa sojojin Rasha. Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Ukraine ta daukaka kara ga haramcin zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai.

Tarihi

Sauye-sauye na farko da ba na hukuma ba

An fara aiwatar da kwaminisanci ba bisa ka'ida ba a Ukraine bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma samun 'yancin kai na Ukraine a shekarar 1991. An gudanar da decommunization da rashin tausayi kuma a bayyane a cikin tsoffin Jihohin Baltic na Tarayyar Soviet da ƙasashen Warsaw Pact a waje da Tarayyar Soviétique. Shugaban farko na Ukraine bayan samun 'yancin kai na kasar daga Tarayyar Soviet, Leonid Kravchuk, ya kuma ba da umarni da aka yi niyyar "de-sovietisation" a farkon shekarun 1990.

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kodayake a hankali, an cire abubuwan tarihi ga shugabannin Soviet a Ukraine. Wannan tsari ya ci gaba sosai a Yankunan yamma da ke magana da harshen Ukrainian fiye da Yankunan gabas masu masana'antu, galibi masu magana da harshen Rasha. An tsara dokokin decommunization a Majalisar dokokin Ukraine a 2002, 2005, 2009, 2011, da 2013, amma dukansu sun kasa cikawa.

Canje-canjen bayan Euromaidan

Cire mutum-mutumi na Lenin a Kharkiv a ranar 28 ga Satumba 2014.

A lokacin da kuma bayan Euromaidan, farawa da faduwar abin tunawa ga Lenin a Kyiv a ranar 8 ga Disamba 2013, masu zanga-zangar sun cire ko lalata wasu abubuwan tunawa da Lenin.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, shekara guda kafin tsarin kwaminisanci na kasa da kasa a Ukraine, hukumomin yankin sun cire kuma sun canza alamomin kwaminisancin da sunayen wurare, kamar yadda yake a Dnipropetrovsk.

Rashin amincewa

Alamar SSR ta Ukraine da aka gani a saman zauren gari a Kharkiv.

A ranar 18 ga Mayu 2015, OSCE ta nuna damuwa cewa dokokin na iya yin mummunar tasiri ga 'yancin' yan jarida a Ukraine. Har ila yau, OSCE ta yi nadamar abin da ta fahimta a matsayin rashin damar jama'a don shiga cikin tattaunawar jama'a game da dokokin.

Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kharkiv ta bayyana (a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2015) dokokin " (daya daga cikinsu) yadda ya kamata ya aikata laifuka wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin jama'a da yawancin Ukrainians ke da su".

A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Venice ta bayyana cewa dokokin decommunization na Ukraine ba su bi ka'idodin dokokin Turai ba. Ya kasance mai mahimmanci game da haramtacciyar Jam'iyyun kwaminisanci.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, 'yan majalisa na Rasha sun yi iƙirarin cewa "ba daidai ba ne" a sanya alamar Kwaminisanci da Nazi daidai da juna, kuma' yan bindigar da ke goyon bayan Rasha sun yi Allah wadai da dokar. Shugaban da kuma shugaban Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Donetsk Alexander Zakharchenko ya bayyana a ƙarshen Fabrairu 2016 cewa lokacin da aka sake masa suna biranen "sun dawo ƙarƙashin ikonmu", za a sake masa suna zuwa sunan da aka riga aka cire.