Rashin amfani da man fetur
 Rashin amfani da man fetur | |
|---|---|
process (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
phase-out (en) |
| Bangare na | Canjin makamashi |
| Fuskar | Rage canjin yanayi |
| Has goal (en) |
reduction (en) , Rage canjin yanayi da energy independence (en) |
Fasahar man fetur shine ƙaddamar da raguwar duniya a hankali na amfani da samar da man fetur zuwa sifili, don rage gurɓataccen iska, iyakance canjin yanayi, da ƙarfafa 'canjin makamashi. Yana daga cikin ci gaba da sauya makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Kasashe da yawa suna rufe Tashoshin wutar lantarki masu amfani da kwal, [1] [2] [3] kuma ana zaton samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da burbushin halittu sun kai kololuwa. [4] Amma samar da wutar lantarki ba ya motsawa daga kwal da sauri don cimma burin yanayi.[5] Kasashe da yawa sun sanya ranakun dakatar da sayar da man fetur da motocin diesel da manyan motoci, amma ba a amince da jadawalin dakatar da konewar gas ba.[6]
Kokarin yanzu a cikin fasahar man fetur ya haɗa da maye gurbin man fetur tare da tushen Makamashi mai ɗorewa a fannoni kamar sufuri da dumama. Sauran hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don amfani da man fetur sun hada da wutar lantarki, hydrogen mai kore da man fetutattun abubuwa. Manufofin da aka fitar sun haɗa da matakan buƙata da na wadata.[7] Ganin cewa hanyoyin da ake buƙata suna neman rage amfani da man fetur, shirye-shiryen samarwa suna neman hana samarwa don hanzarta saurin canjin makamashi da rage hayaki. An ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a zartar da dokoki don sa kamfanonin man fetur su binne adadin carbon kamar yadda suke fitarwa.[8] Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa don cimma matsaya ta carbon a tsakiyar karni, saka hannun jari na duniya a cikin makamashi mai sabuntawa dole ne ya ninka sau uku a shekara ta 2030, ya kai sama da dala tiriliyan 4 a kowace shekara.[9]
Ya zuwa shekara ta 2024 amfani da man fetur na duniya yana ƙaruwa, yana ci gaba da yanayin tun 1965, idan ba a baya ba.
Duk da yake ana fitar da man fetur da iskar gas a cikin hanyoyin sunadarai (misali samar da sabbin tubalan gini don filastik) yayin da ake bunkasa tattalin arzikin zagaye da tattalin arzikin biobased (misali Bioplastics) [10] don rage gurɓataccen filastik, matakin man fetur na burbushin halittu musamman yana da niyyar kawo karshen konewar man fetur kuma sakamakon samar da iskar hayaki. Sabili da haka, ƙoƙarin rage amfani da mai da iskar gas a cikin masana'antar filastik ba su zama wani ɓangare na fashewar man fetur ko rage shirye-shiryen.
Nau'o'in man fetur
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Karfe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don saduwa da manufar Yarjejeniyar Paris na kiyaye dumamar duniya zuwa ƙasa da 2 °C (3.6 °F) ° C (3.6 ° F), amfani da kwal yana buƙatar raguwa daga 2020 zuwa 2030.[11] Koyaya, tun daga shekara ta 2017, kwal ya samar da fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na makamashi na farko na duniya da kuma kusan kashi 40% na hayakin gas daga man fetur. [12][13] Kashe kwal yana da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci da muhalli wanda ya wuce farashi, kuma ba tare da shi ba za a iya cika burin 2 ° C a cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris ba; amma wasu ƙasashe har yanzu suna son kwal, kuma akwai rashin jituwa sosai game da yadda ya kamata a fitar da shi da sauri.[14][15][16]
Ya zuwa 2018, kasashe 30 da gwamnatoci da kamfanoni da yawa na kasa sun zama mambobi na Powering Past Coal Alliance, kowannensu yana yin sanarwa don ci gaba da sauyawa daga ba tare da raguwa ba (ƙananan hanyoyin tare da kama carbon da ajiya (CCS), amma kusan dukkanin tashoshin wutar lantarki ba su ragu ba kamar yadda CCS yake da tsada sosai) samar da wutar lantarki.[17][18] Ya zuwa 2019, duk da haka, ƙasashen da ke amfani da mafi yawan kwal ba su shiga ba, kuma wasu ƙasashe suna ci gaba da gina da kuma tallafawa sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki. Bankin Turai don sake ginawa da ci gaba yana tallafawa sauyawa daga kwal.[19]
A cikin 2019 Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce ya kamata kasashe su daina gina sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki daga 2020 ko kuma su fuskanci 'babban bala'i'.[20]
A cikin 2020, kodayake China ta gina wasu shuke-shuke, an yi ritaya da karin wutar lantarki a duniya fiye da yadda aka gina: Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce ya kamata ƙasashen OECD su daina samar da wutar lantarki daga kwal a shekara ta 2030 da sauran duniya a shekara ta 2040.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Nearly a quarter of the operating U.S. coal-fired fleet scheduled to retire by 2029". www.eia.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ↑ "Australia hastens coal plant closures to catch up on climate". Nikkei Asia (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ↑ "Our members". PPCA (in Turanci). 2022-08-02. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ↑ Cuff, Madeleine. "Renewables supply 30 per cent of global electricity for the first time". New Scientist (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-05-26.
- ↑ "Coal-Fired Electricity – Analysis". IEA (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ↑ "No EU agreement on fossil phase-out text". Argus Media (in Turanci). 2023-02-20. Archived from the original on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ↑ Green, F.; Denniss, R. (2018). "Cutting with both arms of the scissors: the economic and political case for restrictive supply-side climate policies". Climatic Change. 150 (1): 73–87. Bibcode:2018ClCh..150...73G. doi:10.1007/s10584-018-2162-x. S2CID 59374909.
- ↑ "Fossil fuel producers must be forced to 'take back' carbon, say scientists". The Guardian (in Turanci). 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
- ↑ Nations, United. "Renewable energy – powering a safer future". United Nations (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ↑ "EU's circular economy action plan released in 2020 A.D." Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
- ↑ "Analysis: Why coal use must plummet this decade to keep global warming below 1.5C". Carbon Brief. 6 February 2020. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ↑ "Statistics". iea.org. Archived from the original on 28 June 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
- ↑ "China's unbridled export of coal power imperils climate goals". Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
- ↑ "Coal exit benefits outweigh its costs – PIK Research Portal". pik-potsdam.de. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ↑ "The Production Gap Executive Summary" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 November 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ↑ Rockström, Johan; et al. (2017). "A roadmap for rapid decarbonization" (PDF). Science. 355 (6331): 1269–1271. Bibcode:2017Sci...355.1269R. doi:10.1126/science.aah3443. PMID 28336628. S2CID 36453591. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
- ↑ "Powering Past Coal Alliance members list". Poweringpastcoal.org. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ "Powering Past Coal Alliance declaration". Poweringpastcoal.org. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ "The EBRD's just transition initiative". European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ↑ "UN Secretary-General calls for end to new coal plants after 2020". Business Green (in Turanci). 10 May 2019. Archived from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.