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Rashin amincewa da muhalli

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Rashin amincewa da muhalli

Rashin amincewa da muhalli shine imani cewa maganganun masu kula da muhalli, da Masana kimiyyar muhalli da ke tallafa musu, karya ne ko kuma wuce gona da iri. Ana kuma amfani da kalmar ga waɗanda ke sukar muhalli gabaɗaya. Hakanan ana iya bayyana shi azaman shakku game da sahihanci ko tsananin lalacewar muhalli. Rashin amincewa da muhalli yana da alaƙa da adawa da muhalli da musanta canjin yanayi. Rashin amincewa da muhalli na iya zama sakamakon al'adu da abubuwan da suka faru.

Masu shakkar muhalli sun yi jayayya cewa girman cutar da ke fitowa daga ayyukan ɗan adam ba shi da tabbas fiye da yadda masana kimiyya da ƙungiyoyin kimiyya suka ce, ko kuma cewa nan da nan ne za a gabatar da ƙuntatawa a cikin waɗannan ayyukan bisa ga shaidun da ke akwai, ko kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin tattaunawa game da wanda ya kamata ya biya don irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen muhalli. Ɗaya daga cikin jigogi da motsi ke mayar da hankali shine ra'ayin cewa kare muhalli yana da barazana ga ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da 'yanci na farar hula.[1]

Shahararren kalmar ta inganta ta littafin Bjørn Lomborg na 2001 The Skeptical Environmentalist . [maɓallin da ba na farko ba] Lomborg ya kusanci da'awar muhalli daga ra'ayi na kididdiga da tattalin arziki, kuma ya kammala cewa sau da yawa da'awar da masu kula da muhalli suka yi an wuce gona da iri. Lomborg ya yi jayayya, bisa ga nazarin farashi da fa'ida, cewa 'yan da'awar muhalli sun nuna damuwa mai tsanani. Littafin ya zo ne daga zargi daga masana kimiyya da ke lura da cewa Lomborg ya yi kuskuren fassara ko kuskuren bayanai, ya soki rashin amfani da bayanai yayin da yake yin irin wannan kuskuren da kansa, ya bincika batutuwan da ke tallafawa rubutunsa yayin da yake watsi da bayanan da suka saba da shi, ya zaɓi wallafe-wallafen, ya wuce sauƙi, ya kasa tattauna rashin tabbas ko batun, ya ambaci mafi yawan kafofin watsa labarai, kuma ya yi watsi da muhalli.[2] 

Michael Shermer, wanda ya yi muhawara da Lomborg a kan batutuwa da yawa daga littafinsa, ya lura cewa duk da Yarjejeniyar kimiyya mutane da yawa suna motsawa zuwa shakku na muhalli ta hanyar tsattsauran ra'ayi da ke cikin bangarorin biyu na muhawara kuma ba a fallasa su ga isasshen gabatarwa da gani na shaidar da ke akwai ba.[3]

A cikin shekara ta 2010, Lomborg ya inganta matsayinsa kuma ya bayyana cewa ya yi imani da bukatar "billan daloli a kowace shekara don saka hannun jari wajen magance canjin yanayi" kuma ya bayyana dumamar yanayi a matsayin "ba shakka daya daga cikin manyan damuwar da duniya ke fuskanta a yau" da kuma "ƙalubalen bil'adama dole ne su fuskanci". [4] Ya taƙaita matsayinsa, yana cewa "Gwargwadon duniya na gaske ne - mutum ne kuma matsala ce mai mahimmanci. Amma ba ƙarshen duniya ba ne".

Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2014 na mutane daga kasashe 32 ya gano cewa shakku game da muhalli ya samo asali ne daga rashin isasshen ilimi, ilimin da aka tantance kansa, dabi'un addini / masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, rashin amincewa da al'umma, rashin amincewar kimiyya, da sauran damuwa da ke lalata damuwa da muhallu.[1]

Rashin amincewa da canjin yanayi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dangane da binciken shekara-shekara da Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta gudanar, dumamar duniya ta kasance mafi ƙarancin fifiko ga jama'a, matsayi na 29 daga cikin 30 a cikin manyan abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci ga Shugaban Amurka da Majalisa. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a manufofi, yana cikin matsayi na 19.[5]

Masu shakkar yanayi suna wakiltar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na Amurkawa bisa ga kuri'un kasa.[6] Wannan lambar ta sa ya zama ƙalubale ga masu yanke shawara waɗanda ke jinkirin aiwatar da manufofin muhalli da suka shafi dumamar yanayi da canjin yanayi. Anthony Leiserowitz, farfesa daga Yale, ya yanke shawarar cewa halin da al'ummar Amurka ke ciki game da canjin yanayi ya fadi a kan sikelin daga damuwa ko firgita zuwa rashin kulawa ko rashin kulawa. Kalmar Masu shakka game da yanayi ta ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa kamar masu shakka, masu shakka, marasa kulawa, da musantawa. Ba ya bayyana kawai wanda ba mai imani ba. A cikin binciken da Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta gudanar, kashi 61% na jama'a sun yi imanin cewa akwai shaidar dumamar yanayi. Koyaya, kashi 35% na jama'a har yanzu sun yi imanin cewa babu wata hujja mai mahimmanci game da hauhawar zafin jiki na duniya.[6]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Zhou, Min (15 December 2014). "Public environmental skepticism: A cross-national and multilevel analysis". International Sociology. 30 (1): 61–85. doi:10.1177/0268580914558285. S2CID 145807157. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Zhou" defined multiple times with different content
  2. Nisbet, Matt (23 January 2003). "The Skeptical Environmentalist: A Case Study in the Manufacture of News". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  3. Shermer, Michael (2008-04-15). "Confessions of a Former Environmental Skeptic". michaelshermer.com. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  4. "Brett Michael Dykes, "Noted anti-global-warming scientist reverses course", Yahoo News (August 31, 2010)".
  5. (Mark ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. 6.0 6.1 (Mark ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help)