Rashin amincewar kimiyya
 | |
| Iri |
harkar zamantakewa world view (en)  genre (en) point of view (en) |
|---|---|
| Nufi |
Shaida ta zahiri da reproducibility (en) |
Scepticism na kimiyya ko rational skepticism (kuma an rubuta scepticism), wani lokacin ana kiransa bincike na shakku, [1] matsayi ne wanda mutum ke tambayar gaskiyar da'awar da ba ta da Shaidar kimiyya. A aikace, kalmar da aka fi amfani da ita tana nufin nazarin da'awar da ka'idojin da suka bayyana ba na kimiyya ba, maimakon tattaunawar yau da kullun da ƙalubale tsakanin masana kimiyya. Rashin amincewar kimiyya ya bambanta da shakku na falsafa, wanda ke tambayar ikon ɗan adam na da'awar kowane ilmi game da yanayin duniya da kuma yadda suke fahimta da shi, da kuma irin wannan amma bambancin shakku na hanyar, wanda shine tsari na kasancewa mai shakka game da (ko shakku) gaskiyar imanin mutum.
Motsi na shakku (Maganar Burtaniya: motsi na shakkun) ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewar zamani wacce ta dogara da ra'ayin shakku na kimiyya. Wannan motsi yana da burin binciken da'awar da aka yi a kan batutuwa masu ban sha'awa da kuma tantance ko ana tallafa musu ta hanyar bincike na kwarewa kuma ana iya sakewa su, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ka'idar hanyar da ke bin "tsawon ƙwarewar ilimi".
Tushen motsi ya samo asali ne daga ƙarni na 19, lokacin da mutane suka fara tayar da tambayoyi a fili game da karɓar da'awar da ba a yi tambaya ba game da sihiri, na camfi daban-daban da aka yi a ko'ina, da kuma pseudoscience. Littattafai irin su na Vereniging tegen na Kwakzalverij (1881) suma sun yi niyya da yaudarar kiwon lafiya. Yin amfani da shi azaman samfurin kungiyar Belgium da aka kafa a 1949, Comité Para, Amurkawa Paul Kurtz da Marcello Truzzi sun kafa Kwamitin Binciken Kimiyya na da'awar Paranormal (CSICOP) , a Amherst, New York, a 1976. Yanzu an san shi da Kwamitin Binciken Skeptical (CSI), wannan kungiyar ta yi wahayi zuwa ga wasu don kafa irin waɗannan kungiyoyi a duk duniya.
Bayani na gaba ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masu shakku na kimiyya sun ci gaba da cewa binciken da ya dace game da Gaskiya yana haifar da mafi kyawun ilimi da ya dace, kuma yana ba da shawarar cewa Hanyar kimiyya ta fi dacewa da tabbatar da sakamakon.[2] Masu shakku na kimiyya suna ƙoƙari su kimanta da'awar bisa ga tabbatarwa da ƙyama; suna hana karɓar da'awar da ta dogara da bangaskiya ko Shaidar labarai.
Paul Kurtz ya bayyana shakku na kimiyya a cikin littafinsa na 1992 The New Skepticism, yana kiransa wani muhimmin bangare na binciken kimiyya.[3] The Skeptics Society ya bayyana shi a matsayin "amfani da dalili ga kowane ra'ayi - babu wata saniya mai tsarki da aka ba da izini. " Robert K. Merton ya gabatar da ka'idojin Mertonian, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa dole ne a gwada duk ra'ayoyin kuma suna ƙarƙashin tsananin bincike na al'umma. [4] Kendrick Frazier ya ce masu shakku na kimiyya suna da sadaukarwa ga kimiyya, dalili, shaida, da neman gaskiya.[5] Carl Sagan ya jaddada muhimmancin iya yin tambayoyi masu shakka, gane muhawara ta ƙarya ko ta zamba, da kuma la'akari da ingancin gardama maimakon kawai ko muna son ƙarshen.[6][7] Hakazalika, Steven Novella ya bayyana shakku a matsayin zabar "bangaskiya da ƙaddamarwa waɗanda abin dogaro ne kuma suna da inganci ga waɗanda ke ta'aziyya ko masu dacewa" kuma a matsayin nazarin "rashin hankali na ɗan adam da hanyoyin yaudara don kauce wa yaudarar wasu ko kansu".[8] Brian Dunning ya kira shakku "tsarin neman ƙarshen da aka goyi bayan, ba tabbatar da ƙarshen da aka riga aka tsara ba. ''[9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Frazier, Kendrick (1 November 2013). "Why We Do This: Revisiting the Higher Values of Skeptical Inquiry". csicop.org. Archived from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
- ↑ Novella, Steven (10 August 2015). "Rethinking the Skeptical Movement". Neurologica. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
If somehow you thought you'd gained some kind of understanding about the natural world [...], how would you then be able to demonstrate to anyone else that the understanding was valid? Seems like you'd need something like the scientific method to do this, otherwise you're left with all such insights being equal, and no way to distinguish which are valid.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "About Us – A Brief Introduction". The Skeptics Society. Archived from the original on 2014-06-01.
- ↑ Frazier, Kendrick (2019). "You Can't fit What We Skeptics Do into a Neat Box". Skeptical Inquirer. 43 (2): 22–23.
- ↑ Sagan, Carl. "Carl Sagan > Quotes > Quotable Quote". Goodreads.com. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "Skepticblog". skepticblog.org. Archived from the original on 2014-04-25.
- ↑ "Skeptoid". skeptoid.com.