Rashin ciki na matafiya
| Rashin ciki na matafiya | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri | Gastroenteritis |
| Field of study (en) | Cututtukan cututtuka (ƙwarewar kiwon lafiya) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10 | A09 |
| ICD-9 | 009.2 |
Rashin ciki na matafiya (TD) cuta ce ta ciki da hanji da aka samu yayin tafiya zuwa sabon wuri sakamakon rashin rigakafi ga cututtukan da ke cikin gida. An bayyana TD a matsayin hanyar da ba a tsara shi ba (ɗaya ko fiye da wasu ma'anoni, uku ko fiye da sauransu) yayin tafiya.[1][2] Yana iya kasancewa tare da ciwon ciki, ƙishirwa, zazzabi, ciwon kai da kumburi.[2] Wani lokaci dysentery na iya faruwa. Yawancin matafiya suna murmurewa cikin kwana uku zuwa huɗu ba tare da magani ba.[2] Kimanin kashi 12% na mutane na iya samun alamun bayyanar cututtuka na mako guda.[2]
Kwayoyin cuta suna da alhakin fiye da rabin shari'o'in, [2] yawanci ta hanyar cututtukan abinci da cututtukani masu ruwa. Kwayoyin enterotoxigenic <i id="mwVg">Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC) galibi sune mafi yawanci sai dai a Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda Campylobacter ya fi shahara.[1][2] Kimanin kashi 10 zuwa 20 cikin dari na shari'o'in sun faru ne saboda norovirus.[2] Protozoa irin su Giardia na iya haifar da cututtukan dogon lokaci.[2] Hadarin ya fi girma a cikin makonni biyu na farko na tafiya da kuma tsakanin matasa.[1] Mutanen da abin ya shafa galibi daga kasashe masu tasowa ne.[1]
Shawarwari don rigakafi sun haɗa da cin abinci mai tsabta da dafa abinci, shan ruwan kwalba, da wanke hannu akai-akai.[1] Allurar rigakafin kwalara ta baki, yayin da take da tasiri ga kwalara, tana da amfani mai ban sha'awa ga zawo na matafiya.[2] Ana hana maganin rigakafi na rigakafi gabaɗaya.[3] Magani na farko ya haɗa da sake ruwa da maye gurbin gishiri da ya ɓace (magani na sake ruwa na baki). [1][3] Ana ba da shawarar maganin rigakafi don alamun bayyanar cututtuka masu mahimmanci ko masu ci gaba, kuma ana iya shan su tare da loperamide don rage zawo.[3] Ana buƙatar asibiti a ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na shari'o'in.[4]
Kimanin yawan mutanen da abin ya shafa ya kasance daga kashi 20 zuwa 50 cikin dari tsakanin matafiya zuwa kasashe masu tasowa.[2] TD ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin mutanen da ke tafiya zuwa wasu sassan Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Afirka, Latin Amurka, da Amurka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.[3] Hadarin yana da matsakaici a Kudancin Turai, da Rasha.[4] An danganta TD da Ciwon hanji mai saurin fushi da Ciwon Guillain-Barré. [2][1] An san shi da sunaye da yawa, ciki har da "Montezuma's renge", "Turkey trot", "Bali belly" da "Delhi belly".[5]
Alamomi da alamomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Farawar TD yawanci yana faruwa a cikin mako na farko na tafiya, amma yana iya faruwa a kowane lokaci yayin tafiya, har ma bayan dawowa gida, dangane da lokacin shayarwa na wakili mai kamuwa.[6] Kwayar cuta ta TD yawanci tana farawa ba zato ba tsammani, amma Cryptosporidium na iya shayarwa na kwana bakwai, kuma Giardia na kwanaki 14 ko fiye, kafin alamun su bayyana. Yawanci, matafiyi yana fuskantar motsi na hanji hudu zuwa biyar a kowace rana. Sauran alamun da aka saba da su sune ƙuƙwalwar ciki, kumbura, zazzabi, da Rashin lafiya. Cin abinci na iya raguwa sosai.[7] Ko da yake ba shi da kyau, yawancin lokuta na TD suna da sauƙi, kuma suna warwarewa a cikin 'yan kwanaki ba tare da taimakon likita ba.[8]
Jinin ko mucus a cikin zawo, ciwon ciki mai mahimmanci, ko zazzabi mai tsanani yana nuna wani abu mai tsanani, kamar kwalara, wanda ke nuna saurin farawar rauni da raƙuman ruwa na mucus tare da tarin mucus (wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "ruwan shinkafa"). Ya kamata a nemi kulawar likita a irin waɗannan lokuta; rashin ruwa shine mummunan Sakamakon na kwalara, kuma yana iya haifar da mummunan sakamako - gami da, a lokuta masu wuya, mutuwa - da sauri kamar sa'o'i 24 bayan farawa idan ba a magance shi da sauri ba.[8]
Dalilan da suka haifar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| E. coli, enterotoxigenic | 20–75% |
| E. coli, enteroaggregative | 0–20% |
| E. coli, mai cin zarafi | 0–6% |
| Shigella spp. | 2–30% |
| Salmonella spp. | 0–33% |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 3–17% |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 0–31% |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | 0–30% |
| Giardia lamblia | 0–20% |
| Entamoeba histolytica | 0–5% |
| Cryptosporidium spp. | 0–20% |
| Cyclospora cayetanensis | ? |
| Kwayar cutar Rotavirus | 0–36% |
| Norovirus | 0–10% |
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 Giddings, SL; Stevens, AM; Leung, DT (March 2016). "Traveler's Diarrhea". The Medical Clinics of North America. 100 (2): 317–30. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.08.017. PMC 4764790. PMID 26900116.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Leder, K (2015). "Advising travellers about management of travellers' diarrhoea". Australian Family Physician. 44 (1–2): 34–37. PMID 25688957. Archived from the original on 2017-01-12.
- ↑ "Travelers' Diarrhea". cdc.gov. April 26, 2013. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
- ↑ Diemert, D. J. (17 July 2006). "Prevention and Self-Treatment of Traveler's Diarrhea". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 19 (3): 583–594. doi:10.1128/CMR.00052-05. PMC 1539099. PMID 16847088.
- ↑ "Traveler's Diarrhea-Topic Overview". WebMD. 2013-03-27. Archived from the original on 2015-06-30. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
Traveler's diarrhea is sometimes called by its more colorful names: Montezuma's revenge, Delhi belly, and Turkey trots.
- ↑ Waln, Olga; Jankovic, Joseph (2013-07-12). "An Update on Tardive Dyskinesia: From Phenomenology to Treatment". Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements. 3: tre-03-161-4138-1. doi:10.5334/tohm.165. ISSN 2160-8288. PMC 3709416. PMID 23858394.
- ↑ "Travelers' Diarrhea". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. November 21, 2006. Archived from the original on April 3, 2008.
- 1 2 "Travelers' diarrhea". safewateronline.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2008.