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Rashin daidaito na zafi a cikin birane

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Rashin daidaito na zafi a cikin birane
sociological concept (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na environmental effects (en) Fassara

Rashin daidaito na zafi na birane, wanda kuma ake kira rashin daidaito na zafin jiki, rarraba zafi ne mara daidaito a cikin birane ko unguwanni a cikinsu, wanda ke haifar da tasiri mara kyau ga mutanen da ke zaune a cikin waɗannan al'ummomin. Barazanar damuwa ta zafi a cikin birane sau da yawa tana da alaƙa da bambance-bambance a cikin yawan jama'a, gami da asalin launin fata da kabilanci, samun kudin shiga, matakin ilimi, da shekaru.[1] Duk da yake tasirin rashin daidaito na zafi na birane ya dogara da birnin da aka yi nazari, mummunan sakamako yawanci yana aiki a kan al'ummomin da aka ware a tarihi.[1] Wannan ra'ayin yana da alaƙa da Tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane, inda babban dalilin rashin daidaito na zafi na birni shine karuwar birni.[2]

Abubuwan da aka lura

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai alaƙa a Amurka tsakanin kabilanci da fallasawa ga UHIs. A cikin mafi yawan biranen Amurka, mutane masu launin fata sun fi zama a yankunan da ke da tsawo na Urban Heat Island Intensity fiye da fararen mutane a cikin biranen. A cewar binciken da masanin yanayin yanayi Angel Hsu da abokan aiki suka yi, "mutumin mutum mai launi yana zaune a cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga tare da ƙarfin SUHI mafi girma fiye da fararen da ba na Hispanic ba a duk sai 6 daga cikin manyan birane 175" a Amurka.[3] Wani taƙaitaccen manufofi na 2023 ya kara gano cewa yankunan baƙar fata da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi a tarihi - waɗanda suka riga sun sha wahala da zafi na birane - suma suna fuskantar tarin aikata laifuka masu ƙarfi, suna kara yawan raunin da ke tattare da waɗannan al'ummomi.[4]

Matsayin tattalin arziki kuma yana taka rawa a cikin tasirin ɗan adam akan UHIs. Ba wai kawai mutanen da ke cikin ƙananan tattalin arziki sun fi dacewa da zama a cikin UHIs ba, amma kuma ba su da damar samun kayayyaki kamar iska mai sanyaya. Kamar alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsananin SUHI da kabilanci, ana iya ganin irin wannan tsari yayin kwatanta gidaje a ƙarƙashin layin talauci da waɗanda ke da kuɗin shiga fiye da ninki biyu na layin talaucin.[3]

UHIs na iya samun tasiri mai karfi ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka da ke fama da cututtukan da ba su da tsanani. 'Yan Afirka na Afirka suna da ƙimar cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban, kamar asma da ciwon sukari, fiye da yawan jama'a. Ga Farfesa Pamela Jackson da abokan aiki, waɗannan cututtukan na iya ƙaruwa ta hanyar matsanancin zafi, wanda ke haifar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya kamar hauhawar jini ko bugun jini.[5]

A sikelin duniya, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin tasirin UHIs a yankuna daban-daban na duniya. Duk da yake bayyanar zafi gabaɗaya tana ƙaruwa a duk duniya, tasirinsa ya ƙaru da sauri a Kudancin Duniya a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, bisa ga binciken da Farfesa Kanging Huang da abokan aiki suka yi.[6]

Tasirin da ba daidai ba na UHIs a kan Kudancin Duniya yana kara tsananta rashin adalci na muhalli da ke faruwa. Saboda kasashe da yawa a cikin ma'auni suna da zafi da zafi, waɗannan yankuna suna da saukin kamuwa da tasirin UHIs. Wani binciken Bankin Duniya ya sami bambancin 7.0 ° tsakanin unguwanni mafi zafi da mafi sanyi a Bandung, Indonesia.[7]

Masu bincike sun kuma lura cewa yaduwar wuraren da ba su da ruwa, kamar su kankare, tar, da asphalt, suna da alaƙa da unguwanni masu ƙarancin matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin birane da jihohin Amurka daban-daban.[8] Kasancewar waɗannan kayan yana aiki ne a matsayin mai tsinkaya na "canjin intra-urban a cikin zafin jiki".

Dalilan da suka haifar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ƙarin birane

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ƙarin birane shine babban dalilin da ya sa ya karu da haɗarin zafi na birane, yayin da yake maye gurbin yankunan ciyayi tare da wuraren da ba su da ruwa kuma yana mai da hankali ga mutane cikin ƙananan yankuna.[2]

Rarraba sararin samaniya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hanyoyin birane na tarihi, kamar redlining a Amurka, suna da tasiri mai dorewa akan amfani da ƙasa kuma suna iya ci gaba da bambance-bambance a cikin zafi na birane ta hanyar rarraba shuke-shuke.[9][10] Samun damar kiwon lafiya, sufuri na jama'a, isasshen gidaje, da amintaccen makamashi yawanci suna sarrafa bambancin zafi, wanda yawancin waɗannan al'ummomin na iya rasa damar.[10] Irin waɗannan bambance-bambance a cikin rarraba sararin samaniya sun bar wasu, unguwar da ke cikin haɗari ga tsibirai masu zafi na birane.[11] An san kungiyoyin da ke fama da rauni a cikin al'umma suna zaune a yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a tare da ƙananan ciyayi waɗanda su ma suna da barazanar da ta fi dacewa da kuma rage bayyanar su.[12]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. 1 2 Chen, Peng (January 2024). "Inequality in heat: The role of spatial patterns of urban green infrastructure". Urban Climate (in Turanci). 53. Bibcode:2024UrbCl..5301820C. doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101820.
  2. 1 2 Lin, Jian; Zhang, Hongsheng; Chen, Min; Wang, Qiang (May 2023). "Socioeconomic disparities in cooling and warming efficiencies of urban vegetation and impervious surfaces". Sustainable Cities and Society. 92. Bibcode:2023SusCS..9204464L. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2023.104464. ISSN 2210-6707. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
  3. 1 2 Hsu, Angel; Sheriff, Glenn; Chakraborty, Tirthankar; Manya, Diego (25 May 2021). "Disproportionate exposure to urban heat island intensity across major US cities". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 2721. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.2721H. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22799-5. PMC 8149665 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34035248 Check |pmid= value (help). Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":6" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ Teron, Lemir (October 2023). "Inequality, Urban Heat Islands, and Crime" (PDF). Rockefeller Institute of Government. Retrieved 2025-07-07.
  5. ↑ Jackson, Pamela; Larkin, Danielle; Kinnie, Kiari R.; Aroke, Edwin N. (July 2022). "Heat Islands and Chronic Disease: Could African Americans Be More Vulnerable to Heat-Related Health Impacts?". Journal of National Black Nurses' Association. 33 (1): 33–39. PMC 10387230 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 37520179 Check |pmid= value (help).
  6. ↑ Huang, Kangning; Li, Xia; Liu, Xiaoping; Seto, Karen C (November 2019). "Projecting global urban land expansion and heat island intensification through 2050". Environmental Research Letters. 14 (11): 114037. Bibcode:2019ERL....14k4037H. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab4b71.
  7. ↑ "Unlivable: What the Urban Heat Island Effect Means for East Asia's Cities". World Bank (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-05-02.
  8. ↑ Jesdale, Bill M.; Morello, -Frosch Rachel; Cushing, Lara (2013-07-01). "The Racial/Ethnic Distribution of Heat Risk–Related Land Cover in Relation to Residential Segregation". Environmental Health Perspectives. 121 (7): 811–817. Bibcode:2013EnvHP.121..811J. doi:10.1289/ehp.1205919. PMC 3701995. PMID 23694846.
  9. ↑ Chen, Peng (January 2024). "Inequality in heat: The role of spatial patterns of urban green infrastructure". Urban Climate (in Turanci). 53. Bibcode:2024UrbCl..5301820C. doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101820.
  10. 1 2 Keith, Ladd; Gabbe, C.J.; Schmidt, Erika (2023-09-03). "Urban heat governance: examining the role of urban planning". Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning (in Turanci). 25 (5): 642–662. Bibcode:2023JEPP...25..642K. doi:10.1080/1523908X.2023.2244446. ISSN 1523-908X.
  11. ↑ Mitchell, Bruce Coffyn; Chakraborty, Jayajit (2018-08-03). "Exploring the relationship between residential segregation and thermal inequity in 20 U.S. cities". Local Environment (in Turanci). 23 (8): 796–813. Bibcode:2018LoEnv..23..796M. doi:10.1080/13549839.2018.1474861. ISSN 1354-9839.
  12. ↑ Mitchell, Bruce Coffyn; Chakraborty, Jayajit (2018-08-03). "Exploring the relationship between residential segregation and thermal inequity in 20 U.S. cities". Local Environment (in Turanci). 23 (8): 796–813. Bibcode:2018LoEnv..23..796M. doi:10.1080/13549839.2018.1474861. ISSN 1354-9839.
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