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Rashin damuwa mai rikitarwa bayan rauni

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Rashin damuwa mai rikitarwa bayan rauni
Description (en) Fassara
IriRashin damuwa bayan rauni
Field of study (en) Fassaraclinical psychology (en) Fassara
psychiatry (en) Fassara
Sanadiyaƙi, Gallazawa, Aikin tilasta, safarar mutane, child abuse (en) Fassara, Rikicin abokin tarayya, sexual violence (en) Fassara, psychological abuse (en) Fassara
solitude (en) Fassara
Symptoms and signs (en) Fassaramummunan mafarki, emotional dysregulation (en) Fassara, flashback (en) Fassara, acute stress response (en) Fassara, anxiety
somatization (en) Fassara
Physical examination (en) Fassarapsychological evaluation (en) Fassara
Identifier (en) Fassara

Matsalar damuwa mai rikitarwa bayan tashin hankali ( C-PTSD, CPTSD, ko cPTSD ) cuta ce ta tunani da ke da alaƙa da damuwa wadda galibi ke faruwa a sakamakon raunin da ya faru : [1] wanda aka saba gani na tsawon lokaci ko kuma akai-akai ga wani lamari mai ban tsoro ko wani lamari mai ban tsoro, wanda mutum ba ya ganin wata dama ko kuma babu damar tserewa daga gare shi. [2] [3] [4]

A cikin rarrabuwar ICD-11, C-PTSD wani nau'i ne na matsalar damuwa bayan rauni (PTSD) tare da ƙarin rukuni uku na manyan alamu: rashin daidaituwar motsin rai, rashin imani da kai mara kyau (misali, kunya, laifi, gazawa saboda dalilai marasa kyau), da kuma matsalolin hulɗa da mutane. [5] [6] Alamomin C-PTSD sun haɗa da jin tsoro na dogon lokaci, rashin amfani, rashin taimako, karkacewa a cikin asali ko jin kai, da kuma kulawa sosai . [5] [6] [3] Kodayake bayanin farko na C-PTSD ya ƙayyade nau'in rauni (watau, tsawaitawa da maimaitawa), a cikin ICD-11 babu buƙatar takamaiman nau'in rauni.

Rarrabuwa

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Rarraba Cututtuka na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ya haɗa da C-PTSD tun bayan gyaranta na sha ɗaya wanda aka buga a shekarar 2018 kuma ya fara aiki a shekarar 2022 ( ICD-11 ). Bugun da ya gabata ( ICD-10 ) ya ba da shawarar gano cutar Canjin Halin Mutum Mai Dorewa bayan Bala'i ( EPCACE ), wanda ya kasance kakanni na C-PTSD. [2] [7] Healthdirect Australia (HDA) da Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta Burtaniya (NHS) sun kuma amince da C-PTSD a matsayin matsalar tabin hankali. [8] [9] Ƙungiyar Masu tabin hankali ta Amurka (APA) ba ta haɗa da C-PTSD a cikin Littafin Bincike da Lissafi na Cututtukan Hankali ba. An yi nazarin matsalar da ke da alaƙa, Cututtukan Damuwa Mai Tsanani - wanda ba a ƙayyade shi ba ( DESNOS ) don haɗawa a cikin DSM-IV, amma ba a haɗa shi a ƙarshe ba. Madadin haka, an faɗaɗa alamun PTSD a cikin DSM-IV sannan DSM-5 don kama nau'ikan alamun da za su iya biyo baya daga kowane nau'in rauni. [10]

Alama da Alamomi

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Dalilan da ka iya haifar da matsalar damuwa mai rikitarwa bayan tashin hankali

Yara

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An fara gano cutar PTSD ne ga manya waɗanda suka fuskanci rauni (misali, a lokacin yaƙi ko fyaɗe ). [11] Duk da haka, yanayin da yara da yawa ke ciki ya bambanta sosai. Yara na iya fuskantar mummunan rauni kamar cin zarafi, tashin hankali a cikin iyali, cin zarafin makaranta, rashin aiki, ko kuma katsewa a cikin hulɗa da babban mai kula da su. [12] A lokuta da yawa, mai kula da yaron ne ke haifar da raunin. [11] Ganewar cutar PTSD ba ta la'akari da yadda matakan ci gaban yara za su iya shafar alamun su da kuma yadda rauni zai iya shafar ci gaban yaro ba. [11] [13]

An gabatar da kalmar "rashin lafiyar ci gaba " ( DTD ) a matsayin daidai da C-PTSD a lokacin yaro. [1] Wannan nau'in raunin da ke ci gaba yana sanya yara cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wasu cututtukan tabin hankali da na lafiya. [1] [2] Bessel van der Kolk ya bayyana DTD a matsayin haɗuwa da yawa da ke da rauni tsakanin mutane kamar cin zarafi ta jiki, cin zarafin jima'i, tashin hankali, ko mutuwa. Hakanan ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar abubuwan da suka faru kamar watsi, cin amana, shan kashi, ko kunya. [3]

Maimaita raunin da ya faru a lokacin ƙuruciya yana haifar da alamun da suka bambanta da waɗanda aka bayyana ga PTSD. [14] Van der Kolk da wasu sun bayyana alamomi da halayen halayya a fannoni bakwai: [15] [1]

  • Mannewa: matsaloli tare da iyakokin dangantaka, rashin amincewa, warewar jama'a, wahalar fahimta da kuma mayar da martani ga yanayin motsin rai na wasu
  • Alamomin ilimin halittar jiki: matsalar ci gaban motsin ji da motsin jiki, matsalolin haɗin kai, ƙaruwar matsalolin lafiya, ko wani lokacin somatization
  • Tsarin tasiri ko motsin rai: ƙarancin tasirin tasiri, wahalar ganowa da bayyana motsin rai da yanayin ciki, da kuma wahalhalun isar da buƙatu, buƙatu, da buƙatu
  • Abubuwan da ke haifar da rabuwar kai : rashin fahimta, rashin iya bayyana ra'ayi, yanayin sani mai rarrabe tare da tunanin da ba a iya fahimta ba, tasiri, da aiki, da kuma rashin iya fahimtar abubuwan da suka faru a jihar.
  • Kula da ɗabi'a: matsaloli tare da sarrafa motsin rai, tashin hankali, kwantar da hankalin kai, da matsalolin barci
  • Fahimta: wahalar daidaita hankali ; matsaloli tare da ayyuka daban-daban na zartarwa kamar tsarawa, hukunci, farawa, amfani da kayan aiki, da sa ido kan kai; wahalar sarrafa sabbin bayanai ; wahalar mai da hankali da kammala ayyuka; rashin daidaiton abu ; matsaloli tare da tunani da tasirin dalili ; da matsalolin ci gaban harshe kamar gibi tsakanin iyawar sadarwa mai karɓa da bayyanawa
  • Ra'ayin kai : labarin tarihin rayuwa mai rauni da/ko wanda ba a haɗa shi ba, yanayin jiki mai rikitarwa, ƙarancin girman kai, kunya mai yawa, da kuma mummunan tsarin aiki na ciki na kai

Manya

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Manya da ke fama da cutar C-PTSD wani lokacin suna fuskantar dogon rauni a tsakanin mutane tun daga ƙuruciya, maimakon, ko kuma a lokacin girma. Waɗannan raunin da suka fara da wuri suna katse ci gaban ƙarfin jin kai da na wasu. Saboda ciwon jiki da na motsin rai galibi ana haifar da su ne ta hanyar alamun alaƙa kamar masu kulawa ko wasu 'yan'uwa, waɗannan mutane na iya fahimtar cewa suna da lahani kuma ba za a iya dogara da su ga wasu ba. [16] [17]

Wani bita da nazari mai zurfi da aka gudanar a shekarar 2025 ya nuna cewa yawan mutanen da suka kamu da cutar PTSD ta ICD-11 da C-PTSD ya kai kashi 2% da 4%, bi da bi, a tsakanin manya a ƙasashe/yankuna/yankuna da ba su fuskanci yaƙi ba/wadanda suka ci gaba da tattalin arziki. Yawan mutanen da suka kamu da cutar ya karu zuwa kashi 16% da 15%, bi da bi, a ƙasashe da yankuna da yaƙi ya shafa/wadanda ba su da ci gaba a tattalin arziki. [ <span title="Clarify the applicable timeframe so that it is unambiguous when read at a later date. (February 2026)">lokacin aiki?</span> ] [18]

Bayanin farko game da C-PTSD ya nuna tarin alamu guda shida: [19] [20]

Manazarta

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  1. 1 2 Cook A, Blaustein M, Spinazzola J, Van Der Kolk B (2005). "Complex trauma in children and adolescents". Psychiatric Annals. 35 (5): 390–398. doi:10.3928/00485713-20050501-05. S2CID 141684244.
  2. 1 2 Brewin, Chris R. (May 2020). "Complex post-traumatic stress disorder: a new diagnosis in ICD-11". BJPsych Advances (in Turanci). 26 (3): 145–152. doi:10.1192/bja.2019.48. ISSN 2056-4678. S2CID 201977205.
  3. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "ICD11".
  4. ↑ vanc. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. 1 2 Brewin CR, Cloitre M, Hyland P, Shevlin M, Maercker A, Bryant RA, et al. (December 2017). "A review of current evidence regarding the ICD-11 proposals for diagnosing PTSD and complex PTSD" (PDF). Clinical Psychology Review. 58: 1–15. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.001. PMID 29029837. S2CID 4874961.
  6. 1 2 Cloitre M (2020). "ICD-11 complex post-traumatic stress disorder: simplifying diagnosis in trauma populations". British Journal of Psychiatry. 216 (3): 129–131. doi:10.1192/bjp.2020.43. PMID 32345416. S2CID 213910628.
  7. ↑ "What is complex PTSD?". www.mind.org.uk (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  8. ↑ "Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)". www.healthdirect.gov.au (in Turanci). Healthdirect Australia. 2021-12-01. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  9. ↑ "Complex PTSD - Post-traumatic stress disorder". nhs.uk (in Turanci). National Health Service. 2022-05-13. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  10. ↑ Friedman, Matthew J (October 2013). Written at White River Junction, Vermont. "Finalizing PTSD in DSM-5: Getting Here From There and Where to Go Next" (PDF). Journal of Traumatic Stress (in Turanci). New York: John Wiley & Sons. 26 (5): 548–556. doi:10.1002/jts.21840. ISSN 0894-9867. LCCN 88648218. OCLC 5534449977. PMID 24151001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-04-03.
  11. 1 2 3 "Complex Trauma And Developmental Trauma Disorder" (PDF). National Child Traumatic Stress Network. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  12. ↑ Ford JD, Grasso D, Greene C, Levine J, Spinazzola J, van der Kolk B (August 2013). "Clinical significance of a proposed developmental trauma disorder diagnosis: results of an international survey of clinicians". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 74 (8): 841–9. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08030. PMID 24021504.
  13. ↑ Zoellner, L. A.; Bedard-Gilligan, M. A.; Jun, J. J.; Marks, L. H.; Garcia, N. M. (2013). "The Evolving Construct of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): DSM-5 Criteria Changes and Legal Implications". Psychological Injury and Law. 6 (4): 277–289. doi:10.1007/s12207-013-9175-6. PMC 3901120. PMID 24470838.
  14. ↑ "Developmental trauma disorder" (PDF). Psychiatric Annals. 2005. pp. 401–408. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  15. ↑ vanc. (Margaret ed.). Invalid |url-access=van der Kolk (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ↑ Herman JL (1992). "Complex PTSD: A Syndrome in Survivors of Prolonged and Repeated Trauma" (PDF). Journal of Traumatic Stress. 5 (3): 377–391. doi:10.1007/BF00977235. S2CID 189943097.
  17. ↑ Zlotnick C, Zakriski AL, Shea MT, Costello E, Begin A, Pearlstein T, Simpson E (April 1996). "The long-term sequelae of sexual abuse: support for a complex posttraumatic stress disorder". Journal of Traumatic Stress. 9 (2): 195–205. doi:10.1002/jts.2490090204. PMID 8731542. S2CID 189939468.
  18. ↑ Fung, H.W. (2025). "Prevalence of ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in the general populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 110. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104610. Archived from the original on 3 April 2026.
  19. ↑ Roth S, Newman E, Pelcovitz D, van der Kolk B, Mandel FS (October 1997). "Complex PTSD in victims exposed to sexual and physical abuse: results from the DSM-IV Field Trial for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder". Journal of Traumatic Stress. 10 (4): 539–55. doi:10.1002/jts.2490100403. PMID 9391940.
  20. ↑ Pelcovitz D, van der Kolk B, Roth S, Mandel F, Kaplan S, Resick P (January 1997). "Development of a criteria set and a structured interview for disorders of extreme stress (SIDES)". Journal of Traumatic Stress. 10 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1002/jts.2490100103. PMID 9018674.
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