Rashin fitar da man fetur
 Rashin fitar da man fetur | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Bayanai | |
| Iri |
campaign (en)  |
Fossil fuel disvestment ko burbushin man fetur disvestment da saka hannun jari a cikin yanayi mafita ne na rage Canjin yanayi ta hanyar yin amfani da zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arziki matsin lamba don fitarwa da dukiya na ma'aikata ciki har da hannun jari, jingina, da sauran kayan aikin kudi da ke da alaƙa da kamfanonin da ke da hannu wajen fitar da burbushin.[2]
Kamfen din fitar da man fetur ya fito ne a makarantun koleji da jami'o'i a Amurka a cikin 2011 tare da dalibai suna roƙon gwamnatocinsu da su juya saka hannun jari a masana'antar man fetur zuwa saka hannun jari mai tsabta da al'ummomin da sauyin yanayi ya fi tasiri.[3] A cikin 2012, Kwalejin Unity a Maine ta zama cibiyar farko ta ilimi mafi girma don fitar da Kyauta ta daga man fetur.[4]
A shekara ta 2015, an bayar da rahoton fitar da man fetur shine mafi saurin bunkasa motsi a tarihi. Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2023, fiye da cibiyoyin 1593 tare da kadarorin da suka kai sama da dala tiriliyan 40.5 a cikin kadarorin a duk duniya sun fara ko kuma sun yi wani nau'i na fitar da man fetur.[5]
Masu nutsewa sun ambaci dalilai da yawa na yanke shawara. Ga wasu, hanya ce ta daidaita saka hannun jari tare da mahimman dabi'u; ga wasu, dabara ce don yaki da masana'antar man fetur; ga wasu، hanya ce ta kare fayiloli daga haɗarin kudi mai alaƙa da yanayi.[6] Binciken kudi ya nuna cewa, a cikin dogon lokaci, fitar da man fetur ya yi tasiri sosai ga masu saka hannun jari.[7][8]
Rage hayaki na carbon
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Fossil fuel fitar da nufin rage hayakin carbon ta hanyar hanzarta karɓar canjin makamashi mai sabuntawa ta hanyar cin zarafin kamfanonin man fetur. Wannan ya haɗa da sanya matsin lamba na jama'a a kan kamfanonin da a halin yanzu ke da hannu a cikin hakar man fetur don saka hannun jari a cikin makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Kwamitin Intergovernmental kan Canjin Yanayi ya gano cewa duk fitar da carbon dioxide na gaba dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 1,000 gigatonnes don samar da damar 66% na guje wa canjin yanayi mai haɗari; wannan adadi ya haɗa da duk hanyoyin fitar da carbon. Don kauce wa canjin yanayi mai haɗari, kawai kashi 33% na sanannun man fetur na sanannu da za a iya amfani da su; wannan kasafin kuɗin carbon kuma ana iya rage shi ta hanyar karuwa a wasu hanyoyin fitar da carbon kamar su sare daji da samar da siminti. An yi iƙirarin cewa, idan wasu hayakin carbon sun karu sosai, to kawai 10% na ajiyar man fetur za a iya amfani da su don kasancewa a cikin iyakar tsaro.[9]
Bugu da ƙari, a cewar Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka, matsakaicin zafin jiki na Duniya ya karu da 1.4 °F (0.78 °C) ° C (1.4 ° F) a cikin karni da ya gabata, kuma an yi hasashen ya tashi da wani 1.1 zuwa 6.4 ° C (2 zuwa 11.5 ° F) cikin shekaru ɗari masu zuwa tare da ci gaba da ƙimar fitar da carbon. Wannan hauhawar zafin jiki zai wuce matakin dumama wanda masana kimiyya suka ɗauka lafiya don tallafawa rayuwa a duniya.[10]
I think this is part of a process of delegitimising this sector and saying these are odious profits, this is not a legitimate business model ... This is the beginning of the kind of model that we need, and the first step is saying these profits are not acceptable and once we collectively say that and believe that and express that in our universities, in our faith institutions, at city council level, then we're one step away from where we need to be, which is polluter pays.
— Naomi Klein (author of This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate), The Guardian, 2014.[11]
Sanarwar Lofoten
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sanarwar Lofoten (2017) ta yi kira ga rage Binciken hydrocarbon da fadada tanadin man fetur. Yana buƙatar fitar da man fetur na burbushin halittu da kuma cirewa daga amfani tare da sauyawa mai kyau zuwa tattalin arzikin carbon. Sanarwar ta yi kira ga jagoranci na farko a cikin waɗannan ƙoƙarin daga tattalin arzikin da suka fi amfana daga fitar da man fetur.
Tattalin Arziki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Man fetur | Amurka | Afirka | Ostiraliya | China da Indiya | Jamhuriyar Soviet ta dā | Arctic | A duk duniya |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karfe | 92% | 85% | 90% | 66% | 94% | 0% | 82% |
| Gas | 4% | 33% | 61% | 63% | 50% | 100% | 49% |
| Mai | 6% | 21% | 38% | 25% | 85% | 100% | 33% |
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Divestment Commitments". Gofossilfree.org. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ↑ Gulliver, Robyn (2022-10-10). "Australian Campaign Case Study : Divestment Campaign 2013 - 2021". The Commons Social Change Library (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-03-31.
- ↑ Gibson, Dylan; Duram, Leslie (2020). "Shifting Discourse on Climate and Sustainability: Key Characteristics of the Higher Education Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement". Sustainability. 12 (23): 10069. Bibcode:2020Sust...1210069G. doi:10.3390/su122310069.
- ↑ "Divestment from Fossil Fuels". Unity College (in Turanci). 5 May 2020. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
- ↑ "The database of fossil fuel divestment commitments made by institutions worldwide". Global Fossil Fuel Divestment Database managed by Stand.earth (in Turanci). 2023-07-26.
- ↑ Egli, Florian; Schärer, David; Steffen, Bjarne (2022-01-01). "Determinants of fossil fuel divestment in European pension funds". Ecological Economics. 191: 107237. Bibcode:2022EcoEc.19107237E. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107237. ISSN 0921-8009.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Chung, Connor; Cohn, Dan. "Passive investing in a warming world". Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-07-28.
- ↑ Trinks, Arjan; Scholtens, Bert; Mulder, Machiel; Dam, Lammertjan (2018-04-01). "Fossil Fuel Divestment and Portfolio Performance". Ecological Economics. 146: 740–748. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..740T. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.036. ISSN 0921-8009.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Clark, Duncan (25 March 2015). "How much of the world's fossil fuel can we burn?". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
- ↑ EPA, OAR, OAP, CCD, US (12 August 2013). "Climate Change: Basic Information". epa.gov (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ "Fossil fuel divestment: a brief history". The Guardian. 8 October 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2015.