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Rashin gurɓata a Koriya

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Rashin gurɓata a Koriya
aspect in a geographic region (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Nahiya Asiya
Ƙasa Korea (en) Fassara
Contributing factor of (en) Fassara Rashin lalacewar muhalli
Handled, mitigated, or managed by (en) Fassara Rigakafin gurɓata a Amurka

Gurbacewar yanayi a Koriya ta zama ɗimbin yawa kuma mai tsanani saboda saurin haɓaka masana'antu da haɓaka birane tun cikin 1960s. [1] Abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli, duka a Koriya ta Kudu da Koriya ta Arewa, ana iya samun su a cikin haɓakar yawan jama'a, ƙaddamar da birane, da tsarin masana'antu, kamar sauran duniya.

Rashin gurɓata a Koriya ta Kudu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wannan shine bayyanar tsakiyar birnin Seoul a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2021, lokacin da akwai ƙura mai kyau da yawa.

Rashin gurɓata iska

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Gurbacewar iska tana nufin yadda abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi ke canzawa saboda yawan gurbacewar da ake fitarwa ta hanyar wucin gadi da na dabi'a, kuma ingancinsu ya lalace, wanda ke yin illa ga ayyukan rayuwar mutane da dabbobi, da tsirrai. [2] Ana iya raba gurɓataccen iska zuwa gaseous abubuwa da barbashi. [3] Abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar gas suna haifar da konewa, hadewa, da rugujewar abubuwa. [3] Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwayar cuta yana faruwa lokacin da aka murƙushe kayan, rarrabuwa, jigilar su, ko in ba haka ba da magani ko ƙonewa, haɗawa, ko bazuwa. [3] Lokacin da aka rarraba gurɓataccen iska bisa ga tsarin tsarawa, ana iya raba su zuwa gurɓatawar farko da sakandare. [3] Abubuwan gurɓatawa na farko suna fitowa kai tsaye zuwa cikin sararin samaniya daga bututun masana'antu ko motoci, kuma gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu na biyu yana haifar da halayen sinadarai da halayen photochemical a cikin yanayin gurɓataccen da aka fitar. [3]

A cikin 1960s da 1970s, amfani da burbushin mai da kuma jan hankalin masana'antu a matsayin dabarun ci gaba mai dogaro da kai ya haifar da gurbacewar iska a Koriya. A cewar wani bincike na "Rahoton ingancin iska na duniya na 2019" wanda AirVisual ya buga, wani mai binciken gurbacewar iska a duniya, Koriya ta Kudu ta kasance ta farko a cikin gurbatacciyar iska a tsakanin mambobin OECD, wanda ke nuna cewa ita ce kasa mafi muni da gurbacewar iska. [4] [5] Gurbacewar iska a Koriya tana ƙara yin tsanani. [6] Babban abin da ke haifar da ƙurar ƙura a Koriya shine samar da wutar lantarki da kuma amfani da man fetur (man) a cikin sassan sufuri. [5] Don haka, ya kamata a ci gaba da yin la'akari da raguwar albarkatun mai da iskar gas, da gurɓataccen iska. [5]

Bugu da ƙari, babu iyaka a cikin iska. Masu gurɓata iska a Arewa maso gabashin Asiya, kamar China da Japan, suna barazana ga yanayin iska a Koriya ta Kudu.[7] Dangane da Nazarin hadin gwiwa na kasa da kasa kan masu gurɓata iska mai nisa (LPT) a Arewa maso gabashin Asiya, masu gurɓatar iska na kasar Sin suna da matsakaicin tasiri na 32% akan ƙura mai kyau a cikin biranen Koriya guda uku.[7][8]

Kyakkyawan ƙura (PM10) yana nufin ƙura tare da girman ƙwayoyin 10μm ko ƙasa da ƙura mai ƙanƙanta (PM2.5) yana nufin ƙurar tare da girman ƙwayar 2.5μm ko žasa.[9] Yankin ƙura na yau da kullun yana da girma a cikin girman ƙwayoyin, don haka mafi yawansu ana tace su daga gashin hanci ko mucosa na bronchial, wanda ke da ƙaramin tasiri a jikin mutum, amma ƙura mai kyau tana tarawa mafi kyau a cikin jiki ba tare da tace gashin hancin mutum ba, baki, ko bututun bronchial.[10] Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji ta Duniya a karkashin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WTO) ta sanya ƙura mai kyau a matsayin mai cutar kansa na farko.[10]

Kwatanta kwanaki ta hanyar maida hankali ga ƙura mai kyau a Seoul a cikin 2018 da 2019 [11]
2018 2019
Abin takaici ne Kwanaki 4 Kwanaki 9
Rashin Daidaitawa Kwanaki 57 Kwanaki 53
Al'ada Kwanaki 174 Kwanaki 192
Daɗi Kwanaki 130 Kwanaki 111

Idan ka kalli yanayin shekara-shekara na kwanakin da ke da ƙura mai kyau sama da "mummunan", yawan kwanakin da ke cikin "mummunan" yana raguwa kowace shekara, yayin da yawan kwanakin da "mummunar" ke ƙaruwa kowace shekara.[11] Kwanakin 'mugun' na 2019 sun mayar da hankali ne a watan Janairu (3rd) da Maris (6th). [11] Dalilin karuwar ƙura mai kyau fiye da "mummunan" fiye da baya shine cewa yawan kwanakin da ƙura mai ƙanƙanta da aka samar a kasashen waje da Koriya ta tara a cikin iska saboda tarwatsa iska ya karu.[10]

Halin da gwamnati ta yi game da gurɓataccen iska

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Daga Fabrairu 5, 2019, an aiwatar da doka ta musamman kan rage ƙura mai kyau da gudanarwa.[12] Wannan yana nufin matakan gaggawa don inganta ingancin iska a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci lokacin da babban taro na ƙura mai kyau (PM2.5) ya kasance na wani lokaci.[12] Idan an aiwatar da matakan rage gaggawa, ya kamata jama'a su shiga cikin ƙuntata aikin motoci, kuma kasuwanci da wuraren gine-gine ya kamata su dauki matakai don rage ƙura mai kyau, kamar daidaita lokutan aiki. Idan aka keta doka, za a ba da hukunci.[12]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "environmental pollution".
  2. ↑ 대기오염 [Air pollution]. Doopedia (in Harshen Koriya). Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 대기환경연보(2019) [Annual Report of Air Quality in Korea 2019] (in Harshen Koriya). 2019 – via National Institute Of Environmental Research.
  4. ↑ 현, 혜란 (February 25, 2020). "한국, OECD 회원국 중 초미세먼지 오염 가장 심각"(종합) ["Korea has the most serious ultrafine dust pollution among OECD member countries" (comprehensive)] (in Harshen Koriya). Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 한국, OECD 회원국 중 초미세먼지 최악의 국가 [Korea, the worst country for ultrafine dust among OECD member countries] (in Harshen Koriya). Greenpeace Korea | 그린피스. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  6. ↑ "헉!" 한국 대기오염 사망자 이미 수 만 명 ["Ugh!" Tens of thousands have already died from air pollution in South Korea] (in Harshen Koriya). KBS 뉴스. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  7. 1 2 국내 초미세먼지 32%는 중국 영향 [32% of ultrafine dust in Korea is influenced by China]. m.post.naver.com (in Harshen Koriya). Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  8. ↑ 환경부 보도·설명 – 동북아 장거리이동 대기오염물질 공동연구 보고서, 최초 발간 [Ministry of Environment Press and Explanation – Northeast Asian long-distance migratory air pollutant joint research report, first publication]. me.go.kr (in Harshen Koriya). Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  9. ↑ 에어코리아 [Air Korea]. airkorea.or.kr (in Harshen Koriya). Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  10. 1 2 3 2019년 서울 미세먼지 통계 '매우나쁨' 며칠? [2019 Seoul fine dust statistics 'very bad' How many days?]. Canada Talk (in Harshen Koriya). Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  11. 1 2 3 에어코리아 [Air Korea]. airkorea.or.kr (in Harshen Koriya). Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  12. 1 2 3 미세먼지특별대책위원회 | 미세먼지란? | 미세먼지 비상저감조치 | 고농도 미세먼지 비상저감조치 [Fine Dust Special Response Committee | What is fine dust? | Emergency fine dust reduction measures | Emergency fine dust reduction measures]. cleanair.go.kr (in Harshen Koriya). Retrieved May 17, 2021.[permanent dead link]
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