Rashin gurɓata iska a Jamus
 Rashin gurɓata iska a Jamus | |
|---|---|
| Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Jamus |
Gurɓatar iska a Jamus ta ragu sosai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Gurɓatar iska tana faruwa ne lokacin da aka fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa zuwa sararin samaniyar Duniya. Ana fitar da waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa ta hanyar ayyukan ɗan adam da kuma tushen halitta. Jamus ta ɗauki sha'awar rage fitar da hayakin iskar gas mai dumama yanayi (GHG) ta hanyar canzawa zuwa hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Yawan amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa daga 6.3% a shekarar 2000 zuwa 34% a shekarar 2016. [1] Ta hanyar sauyawa zuwa hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, wasu mutane sun yi imanin cewa Jamus ta zama jagorar manufofin sauyin yanayi kuma jagorar makamashi mai sabuntawa a Tarayyar Turai (EU) da kuma a duniya tare da shirye-shiryen sauyin yanayi masu girma, kodayake CO na JamusCO Haɗakar hayaki CO ga kowane mutum a zahiri suna cikin mafi girma a Turai, kusan ninki biyu na Faransa. Manufar gwamnatin Jamus ta yanzu an amince da ita a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2016 a cikin Tsarin Ayyukan Yanayi na Jamus na 2050, wanda ke bayyana matakan da Jamus za ta iya cimmawa daga hayakin da ke gurbata muhalli nan da shekarar 2050. Nan da shekarar 2050, Jamus na son rage yawan hayakin da ke gurbata muhalli da kashi 80 zuwa 95% kuma nan da shekarar 2030 suna son rage shi da kashi 55%, idan aka kwatanta da burin EU na kashi 40%.[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rashin gurɓata iska na iya haifar da cututtuka, rashin lafiyan, ko mutuwa a cikin mutane. Hakanan yana iya haifar da lahani ga wasu halittu masu rai, kamar dabbobi da amfanin gona, kuma yana iya haifar leɓin muhalli. Za'a iya haifar da gurɓataccen iska ta hanyar ayyukan ɗan adam da hanyoyin halitta.
Wani gurɓataccen iska abu ne a cikin iska wanda zai iya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga mutane da yanayin halittu.
Manyan gurɓataccen gurɓatawar da ayyukan ɗan adam ke samarwa sun haɗa da:
- (CO2) - Mafi yawan nau'in da aka fitar da shi na mutum ya haifar da gurɓataccen iska. An fitar da shi ta hanyar ƙone burbushin burbushin halittu.
- (SOx) - Musamman sulfur dioxide. An samar da shi ta hanyar kone kwal da man fetur.
- NO<sub id="mwYg">x</sub> (nitrogen oxides, musamman nitrogen dioxide). An samar da shi daga konewa mai zafi.
- Carbon monoxide (CO) - Samfurin ƙonewar da ba ta cika ba kamar iskar gas, kwal ko itace. Matashin motar shine babban tushen carbon monoxide.
- Magungunan kwayoyin halitta (VOC) - An rarraba su a matsayin methane ko wadanda ba methane ba. Methane iskar gas ce mai inganci sosai wanda ke taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin zafi na duniya.
- Ammoniya (NH3) - An fitar da shi daga hanyoyin noma.
Akwai wurare daban-daban, ayyuka ko abubuwan da ke da alhakin sakin gurbatawa.
Tushen ɗan adam (wanda mutum ya yi)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wadannan galibi suna da alaƙa da ƙone nau'ikan man fetur da yawa.
- Tushen tsaye sun haɗa da tarin hayaki na tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki, masana'antu, masu ƙone sharar gida, murhu da sauran nau'ikan na'urorin dumama mai.
- Tushen wayar hannu sun haɗa da motocin mota, jiragen ruwa, da jirgin sama.
- Ayyukan ƙonewa a cikin aikin gona da kula da gandun daji.
- Fumes daga fenti, gashin gashi, varnish, aerosol sprays, da sauran solvents.
- Kashe sharar gida a cikin wuraren zubar da shara, wanda ke samar da methane.
- Abubuwan soja, kamar makaman nukiliya, iskar gas mai guba, yaƙin ƙwayoyin cuta, da roket.
Manufofin canjin yanayi na Jamus
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jamus tana kan hanyar cika ka'idodin kula da gurɓataccen iska da EU ta kafa. Ga sulfur dioxide da kwayoyin halitta masu saurin canzawa ya isa ya yi amfani da matakan da aka riga aka karɓa kuma aka aiwatar a baya.[3] Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙarin raguwa don nitrogen oxides da ammoniya.[3] Za a sami raguwar da ake buƙata a cikin hayakin nitrogen oxide a bangaren sufuri da kuma shigarwa.[3] Za a sami raguwar da ake buƙata don hayakin ammoniya a bangaren noma.[3]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Burger, Bruno (2017). "Power Generation in Germany". Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE.
- ↑ Energie, Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und. "Vierter Monitoring-Bericht "Energie der Zukunft", Englische Kurzfassung". bmwi.de (in Jamusanci). Retrieved 2020-03-06.
- 1 2 3 4 BMUB, Internetseite des Bundesumweltministeriums. "General Information". bmub.bund.de (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2018-03-25. Retrieved 2017-03-08.