Rashin hasken rana mai tsawo
 Rashin hasken rana mai tsawo | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
electromagnetic radiation (en)  da thermal radiation (en) |
A cikin kimiyyar yanayi, radiation na dogon lokaci (LWR) radiation ne na lantarki wanda ke fitowa daga farfajiyar Duniya, yanayi, da girgije. Ana kuma kiranta radiation na duniya. Wannan radiation yana cikin ɓangaren infrared na bakan, amma ya bambanta da gajeren raƙuman ruwa (SW) kusa da radiation da aka samu a hasken rana.[1] : 2251 :2251
Rashin radiation na dogon lokaci (OLR) shine radiation na tsawon lokaci da aka fitar zuwa sararin samaniya daga saman yanayin duniya.[1] ::2241 Hakanan ana iya kiranta da radiation na ƙasa. Rashin radiation na dogon lokaci yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sanyaya duniya.
Rashin radiation na dogon lokaci yana da tsawo daga 3-100 micrometers (μm). Ana amfani da yankewa na 4 μm wani lokaci don rarrabe hasken rana daga radiation na dogon lokaci. Kasa da 1% na hasken rana yana da tsawo mafi girma fiye da 4 μm. Fiye da kashi 99% na radiation mai tsawo yana da tsawo tsakanin 4 μm da 100 μm.
The flux of energy transported by outgoing longwave radiation is typically measured in units of watts per metre squared (W⋅m−2). In the case of global energy flux, the W/m2 value is obtained by dividing the total energy flow over the surface of the globe (measured in watts) by the surface area of the Earth, 5.1×1014 square metres (5.1×108 km2; 2.0×108 sq mi).[2]
Bayar da radiation mai tsawo shine kawai hanyar da Duniya ta rasa makamashi zuwa sararin samaniya, watau, hanyar da duniyar ke sanyaya kanta.[3] Rashin zafi daga hasken rana, da sanyaya zuwa sararin samaniya ta hanyar OLR wutar lantarki da ke motsa sanyi yanayi.[4]
Daidaitawa tsakanin OLR (makamashi da ya ɓace) da radiation na gajeren rana mai shigowa (makamashe da aka samu) yana ƙayyade ko Duniya tana fuskantar dumama ko sanyaya duniya (duba Kasafin kudin makamashi na duniya). [5]
Daidaitawar makamashi na duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rashin radiation mai tsawo (OLR) ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na Kasafin kudin makamashi na duniya.
Ka'idar kiyaye makamashi ta ce makamashi ba zai iya bayyana ko ɓacewa ba. Don haka, duk wani makamashi da ya shiga tsarin amma bai bar ba dole ne a riƙe shi a cikin tsarin. Don haka, adadin makamashi da aka riƙe a Duniya (a cikin tsarin yanayi na Duniya) ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar daidaituwa:
- [canji a cikin makamashi na Duniya] = [makamashi yana zuwa] − [makamashe yana barin].
Makamashi ya zo ne a cikin nau'in Hasken rana (ASR). Makamashi ya bar a matsayin radiation mai tsawo (OLR). Don haka, yawan canji a cikin makamashi a cikin tsarin yanayi na Duniya an ba shi ta hanyar Rashin daidaituwa na makamashi na duniya (EEI):
Lokacin da makamashi ya isa mafi girma fiye da yadda ya bar (watau, ASR > OLR, don haka EEI yana da kyau), adadin makamashi a cikin yanayin duniya yana ƙaruwa. Yawan zafin jiki shine ma'auni na adadin makamashi mai zafi a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Don haka, a karkashin wadannan yanayi, Yanayin zafi yana ƙaruwa gabaɗaya (ko da yake yanayin zafi na iya raguwa a wasu wurare yayin da rarrabawar canje-canje na makamashi). Yayin da yanayin zafi ke ƙaruwa, adadin radiation na zafi da aka fitar yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin radiation na dogon lokaci (OLR), da ƙaramin rashin daidaituwa na makamashi (EEI). [8]
Hakazalika, idan makamashi ya zo a ƙananan fiye da yadda ya bar (watau, ASR < OLR, don haka EEI ba shi da kyau), adadin makamashi a cikin yanayin duniya yana raguwa, kuma yanayin zafi yana raguwa gaba ɗaya. Yayin da yanayin zafi ya ragu, OLR yana raguwa, yana sa rashin daidaituwa ya kusa da sifili.[8]
A cikin wannan salon, duniyar ta halitta koyaushe tana daidaita zafin jikinta don kiyaye rashin daidaituwa na makamashi. Idan akwai karin hasken rana da aka sha fiye da OLR da aka fitar, duniyar za ta yi zafi. Idan akwai OLR fiye da hasken rana da aka shawo duniya za ta sanyaya. A lokuta biyu, canjin zafin jiki yana aiki don canza rashin daidaituwa na makamashi zuwa sifili. Lokacin da rashin daidaituwa na makamashi ya zama sifili, ana cewa duniyar tana cikin daidaituwa ta radiative. Duniyoyi a dabi'a suna da yanayin daidaitaccen radiative.[9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Panmao Zhai.
|editor-first2=missing|editor-last2=(help) Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "AR6WG1annexVII" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "What is the Surface Area of the Earth?". Universe Today. 11 February 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
- ↑ "Earth's Heat Balance". Energy Education. University of Calgary. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ↑ Singh, Martin S.; O'Neill, Morgan E. (2022). "Thermodynamics of the climate system". Physics Today. 75 (7): 30–37. Bibcode:2022PhT....75g..30S. doi:10.1063/PT.3.5038. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ↑ Kiehl, J. T.; Trenberth, Kevin E. (February 1997). "Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 78 (2): 197–208. Bibcode:1997BAMS...78..197K. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0197:EAGMEB>2.0.CO;2.
- ↑ Loeb, Norman G.; Johnson, Gregory C.; Thorsen, Tyler J.; Lyman, John M.; et al. (15 June 2021). "Satellite and Ocean Data Reveal Marked Increase in Earth's Heating Rate". Geophysical Research Letters. 48 (13). Bibcode:2021GeoRL..4893047L. doi:10.1029/2021GL093047.
- ↑ Joseph Atkinson (22 June 2021). "Earth Matters: Earth's Radiation Budget is Out of Balance". NASA Earth Observatory.
- 1 2 "Earth's Radiation Balance". CIMSS: University of Wisconsin. Retrieved 25 April 2023. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "cimss" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Earth's Radiation Balance". CIMSS: University of Wisconsin. Retrieved 25 April 2023.