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Rashin iskar gas

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Rashin iskar gas
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na environmental emission (en) Fassara da Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli
Has cause (en) Fassara human impact (en) Fassara
Yana haddasa canjin yanayi da Canjin yanayi
Has active ingredient (en) Fassara Greenhouse gas
Product or material produced (en) Fassara Greenhouse gas
Has characteristic (en) Fassara greenhouse gas emissions mass (en) Fassara, total carbon dioxide equivalent mass (en) Fassara da carbon dioxide equivalent concentration (en) Fassara
Rashin iskar gas ga kowane mutum a cikin ƙasashe masu fitarwa mafi girma.[1] Yankunan rectangles suna wakiltar jimlar hayaki ga kowace ƙasa.

Gas na Greenhouse ( GHG ) da ke fitowa daga ayyukan ɗan adam yana ƙarfafa tasirin greenhouse . Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga sauyin yanayi . Carbon dioxide ( CO ), daga kona burbushin mai kamar kwal, mai, da iskar gas, shine babban dalilin sauyin yanayi. Mafi girman hayakin da ake fitarwa duk shekara daga China ne sai Amurka. Amurka tana da yawan hayaki mai yawa ga kowane mutum . Manyan masu samar da hayaki a duniya manyan kamfanonin mai da iskar gas ne. Fitowa daga ayyukan ɗan adam ya ƙaru da iskar carbon dioxide da kusan 50% sama da matakan masana'antu kafin masana'antu. Matakan haɓakar hayaƙin sun bambanta, amma sun yi daidai da duk iskar gas . Fitowar hayaki a cikin 2010 ya kai tan biliyan 56 a shekara, fiye da kowace shekara goma da suka gabata. [2] Jimlar abubuwan da aka tattara daga 1870 zuwa 2022 sune 703 GtC (2575 ), wanda 484 ± 20 GtC (1773 ± 73 ) daga burbushin mai da masana'antu, da 219 ± 60 GtC (802 ± 220 canjin ƙasa ) Canjin amfani da ƙasa, kamar sare dazuzzuka, ya haifar da kusan kashi 31% na yawan hayaƙi sama da 1870-2022, kwal 32%, mai 24%, gas 10%. [3] [4]

Carbon dioxide shine babban iskar gas da ke haifar da ayyukan ɗan adam. Yana lissafin fiye da rabin dumama. Methane (CH 4 ) hayaki yana da kusan tasiri iri ɗaya na ɗan gajeren lokaci. [5] Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) da iskar gas (F-gases) suna taka rawa wajen kwatantawa. Fitar da carbon dioxide, methane da nitrous oxide a cikin 2023 duk sun fi kowane lokaci girma.

Samar da wutar lantarki, zafi da sufuri sune manyan masu fitarwa; gabaɗaya makamashi yana da alhakin kusan kashi 73% na hayaki.[6] Kashe daji da sauran canje-canje a cikin amfani da ƙasa suma suna fitar da carbon dioxide da methane. Babban tushen fitar da iskar methane na ɗan adam shine noma, wanda ke biye da iskar gas da fitar da iske daga masana'antar burbushin burbushin halittu. Babban tushen methane na aikin gona shine dabbobi. Ƙasa ta noma tana fitar da nitrous oxide wani bangare saboda taki. Hakazalika, iskar gas mai guba daga firiji tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jimlar hayaki na mutum.

Matsakaicin fitar da na yanzu wanda ke da matsakaicin tan 6.6 ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara, [7] ya fi sau biyu da ƙididdigar tan 2.3 [8] da ake buƙata don zama a cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris ta 2030 karuwa na 1.5 ° C (2.7 ° F) a kan matakan da suka gabata.[9] Rashin fitarwa na shekara-shekara a cikin ƙasashe masu masana'antu yawanci sau goma ne na matsakaici a ƙasashe masu tasowa.[10]  

Sawun carbon (ko sawun iskar gas) yana aiki ne a matsayin mai nuna alama don kwatanta adadin iskar gas da aka fitar a duk rayuwar rayuwa daga samar da abu ko sabis tare da sarkar samarwa zuwa amfani na ƙarshe.[11] Lissafin carbon (ko lissafin iskar gas) tsari ne na hanyoyin da za a auna da kuma bin diddigin yawan iskar gas da kungiyar ke fitarwa.[12]

Muhimmancin tasirin greenhouse da dumamar yanayi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayani game da manyan tushe

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Gas mai amfani da shi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babban tushen anthropogenic (tushen ɗan adam) tushen iskar gas shine carbon dioxide ( CO ), nitrous oxide ( N2 O ), methane da ƙungiyoyi uku na iskar gas ( sulfur hexafluoride ( SF6 ), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) da perfluorocarbons (PFCs, sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), da nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3 )). Ko da yake tururin ruwa yana haifar da tasirin greenhouse sosai, [13] fitar da tururin ruwa ba shi da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga dumamar yanayi.

Kodayake CFCs iskar gas ne, ana sarrafa su ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Montreal wanda aka motsa shi ta hanyar gudummawar CFCs ga raguwar ozone maimakon ta hanyar guddina ga dumamar duniya. Rashin iskar oxygen yana da ƙaramin rawa ne kawai a cikin dumama ɗaki, kodayake matakai biyu a wasu lokuta suna rikicewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai. A cikin 2016, masu tattaunawa daga kasashe sama da 170 da suka hadu a taron koli na Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun cimma yarjejeniya mai bin doka don kawar da hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) a cikin Kwaskwarimar Kigali ga Yarjejeniyar Montreal . [14] [15] Amfani da CFC-12 (sai dai wasu muhimman amfani) an cire shi saboda abubuwan da ke lalata ozone. Za a kammala fitar da ƙananan HCFC-compounds a cikin 2030.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ ● Emissions data source: "Territorial (MtCO₂) / 1) Emissions / Carbon emissions / Chart View". Global Carbon Atlas. 2024. (archive on Our World in Data)

    ● Country population data source: "Population, total / All Countries and Economies / Most Recent Value (Thousands)". World Bank. 2024. Archived from the original on 22 January 2025.
  2. ↑ "Chapter 2: Emissions trends and drivers" (PDF). Ipcc_Ar6_Wgiii. 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-04-12. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  3. ↑ Ritchie, Hannah; Rosado, Pablo; Roser, Max (2023-12-28). "CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Our World in Data.
  4. ↑ "Global Carbon Project (GCP)". www.globalcarbonproject.org (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-19.
  5. ↑ "Methane vs. Carbon Dioxide: A Greenhouse Gas Showdown". One Green Planet. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  6. ↑ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max; Rosado, Pablo (2020-05-11). "[[:Samfuri:CO2]] and Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Our World in Data. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  7. ↑ widworld_admin (2021-10-20). "The World #InequalityReport 2022 presents the most up-to-date & complete data on inequality worldwide". World Inequality Report 2022 (in Faransanci). Retrieved 2023-07-14.
  8. ↑ "Carbon inequality in 2030: Per capita consumption emissions and the 1.5C goal – IEEP AISBL" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-07-14.
  9. ↑ "AR6 Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change — IPCC". Retrieved 2023-07-14.
  10. ↑ Grubb, M. (July–September 2003). "The economics of the Kyoto protocol" (PDF). World Economics. 4 (3). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011.
  11. ↑ "What is a carbon footprint". www.conservation.org. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  12. ↑ "Carbon Accounting". Corporate Finance Institute (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  13. ↑ "Water Vapor". earthobservatory.nasa.gov (in Turanci). 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  14. ↑ Johnston, Chris; Milman, Oliver; Vidal, John (15 October 2016). "Climate change: global deal reached to limit use of hydrofluorocarbons". The Guardian (in Turanci). Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  15. ↑ "Nations, Fighting Powerful Refrigerant That Warms Planet, Reach Landmark Deal". The New York Times. 15 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
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