Rashin jinin jiki
| Rashin jinin jiki | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
primary bacterial infectious disease (en) , Corynebacterium infection (en) , pandemic and epidemic-prone diseases (en) Cutar da ake gani |
| Field of study (en) | Cututtukan cututtuka (ƙwarewar kiwon lafiya) |
| Sanadi | Kwayar Cutar Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
| Symptoms and signs (en) |
sore throat (en) , zazzaɓi, barking cough (en) , Angalawa, Gazawar zuciya, peripheral neuropathy (en) , swelling (en) pseudomembrane (en) |
| Disease transmission process (en) |
airborne transmission (en) droplet infection (en) |
| Physical examination (en) |
Gwajin Elek, microbiological culture (en) physical examination (en) |
| Therapy (en) | |
| Magani |
benzylpenicillin (en) , tylosin (en) , diphtheria antitoxin (en) , ampicillin (en) , penicillin (en) , azithromycin (en) da clarithromycin (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | A36, A36.1, A36.2, A36.8, A36.3, A36.0 da A36.9 |
| ICD-9-CM | 032 da 032.9 |
| ICD-10 | A36 |
| ICD-9 | 032 |
| DiseasesDB | 3122 |
| MedlinePlus | 001608 |
| eMedicine | 001608 |
| MeSH | D004165 |
| Disease Ontology ID | DOID:11405 |
Diphtheria kamuwa da cuta ce da kwayar cuta Corynebacterium diphtheriae ta haifar. Yawancin cututtukan ba su da alamun ko kuma suna da sauƙin asibiti, amma a wasu barkewar cutar, yawan mace-mace ya kusanci 10%.[1]
Alamomi da alamomi na iya bambanta daga mai sauƙi zuwa mai tsanani, [1] kuma yawanci suna farawa kwana biyu zuwa biyar bayan bayyanar. Alamomin sau da yawa suna tasowa sannu a hankali, suna farawa da ciwon makogwaro da zazzabi.[1] A lokuta masu tsanani, wani launin toka ko fari yana tasowa a cikin makogwaro da ake kira pseudomembrane . [1][2] Wannan rigar, membrane mai fata sannu a hankali yana toshe hanyar iska. Farawa da tari mai tsinkaye, kama da wanda aka lura a cikin croup, [1] wuyan na iya kumbura, a wani bangare saboda fadada ƙuƙwalwar lymph na fuska. [2] Pseudomembrane na iya girma don rufe wani yanki mai faɗi na makogwaro, wanda ke haifar da maƙurewa da mutuwa.
Diphtheria kuma na iya haɗawa da fata, idanu, ko al'aura, kuma yana iya haifar da rikitarwa, [1] gami da myocarditis (wanda a cikin kansa zai iya haifar da bugun zuciya mara kyau), kumburi na jijiyoyi (wanda zai iya haifar le paralysis), Matsalolin koda, da matsalolin zubar da jini saboda ƙananan matakan platelets.[2]
Diphtheria yawanci yana yaduwa tsakanin mutane ta hanyar hulɗa kai tsaye, ta iska, ko ta hanyar hulɗar abubuwa masu gurbatawa. Hakanan yaduwar bayyanar cututtuka da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani suna yiwuwa.[2] Nau'o'i daban-daban na C. diphtheriae sune babban dalilin bambancin kisa.[2] Kisan kai da alamun kansu suna haifar da exotoxin da kwayar cuta ta samar.[1] Ana iya yin ganewar asali sau da yawa bisa ga bayyanar makogwaro, tare da tabbatarwa ta al'adun microbiological.[1] Cutar da ta gabata bazai kare kanta daga sake kamuwa da cuta ba.[1]
Allurar rigakafin diphtheria tana da tasiri don rigakafi kuma tana samuwa a cikin tsari da yawa. Ana ba da shawarar allurai uku ko hudu, waɗanda aka ba su tare da Allurar rigakafin tetanus da allurar cutar pertussis a lokacin ƙuruciya.[2] Ana ba da shawarar ƙarin allurar rigakafin diphtheria-tetanus a kowace shekara goma.[2] Ana iya tabbatar da kariya ta hanyar auna matakin antitoxin a cikin jini.[2] Ana iya hana diphtheria a cikin waɗanda aka fallasa, da kuma kula da su tare da maganin rigakafi erythromycin ko benzylpenicillin.[2] A lokuta masu tsanani ana iya buƙatar tracheotomy don buɗe hanyar iska.[1]
A cikin 2015, an bayar da rahoton shari'o'i 4,500 a hukumance a duk duniya, daga kusan 100,000 a cikin 1980. [3] Kimanin mutane miliyan daya a shekara an yi imanin cewa sun faru ne kafin shekarun 1980.[1] Diphtheria a halin yanzu yana faruwa sau da yawa a yankin Sahara na Afirka, Kudancin Asiya, da Indonesia.[1] A cikin 2015, ya haifar da mutuwar 2,100, daga mutuwar 8,000 a cikin 1990. [4][5]
A yankunan da har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare, yara sun fi shafar su.[1] Yana da wuya a cikin kasashe masu tasowa saboda yaduwar allurar rigakafi, amma zai iya sake fitowa idan yawan allurar rigakawa ya ragu.[1][6] A Amurka, an bayar da rahoton kamuwa da cutar 57 tsakanin 1980 da 2004.[2] Mutuwa tana faruwa a cikin 5-10% na waɗanda aka gano.[2] An fara bayyana cutar ne a karni na 5 BC ta hanyar Hippocrates.[2] Edwin Klebs ne ya gano kwayar cutar a 1882.
Alamomi da alamomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Alamomin diphtheria yawanci suna farawa kwana biyu zuwa bakwai bayan kamuwa da cuta. Sun hada da zazzabi na 38 ° C (100.4 ° F) ko sama; sanyi; Gajiya; launin fata mai launin shudi (cyanosis); ciwon makogwaro; ƙishirwa; tari; ciwon kai; wahalar haɗiyewa; wahalar numfashi; saurin numfashi; ƙishiri da zubar da jini a hanci; da kuma lymphadenopathy.[1][2] A cikin kwanaki biyu zuwa uku, diphtheria na iya lalata ƙwayoyin lafiya a cikin tsarin numfashi. Matattu nama yana samar da wani m, launin toka, wanda aka sani da pseudomembrane, wanda zai iya gina a cikin makogwaro ko hanci. Zai iya rufe kyallen takarda a cikin hanci, tonsils, akwatin murya, da makogwaro, yana mai da wuya a numfashi da haɗiye.[3] Alamomin na iya haɗawa da bugun zuciya, myocarditis, da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙwaƙwalwa.[4]
Cutar da ke fama da cututtukan cututtuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Laryngeal diphtheria na iya haifar da halayyar kumburi da makogwaro, ko "kogi na shanu". Makogwaro mai kumbura sau da yawa yana tare da mummunan yanayin numfashi, wanda ke nuna tari ko "barking", stridor, hoarseness, da wahalar numfashi; kuma a tarihi ana kiransa daban-daban a matsayin "diphtheritic croup", [7] "true croup", [8] [9] ko kuma wani lokacin kawai a matsayin "croup". Cutar diphtheria ba ta da yawa a cikin ƙasashe inda Allurar rigakafin diphtheria ta zama al'ada. A sakamakon haka, kalmar "croup" a zamanin yau galibi tana nufin cutar kwayar cuta da ba ta da alaƙa da ita wacce ke haifar da alamun numfashi masu kama amma masu sauƙi.[10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Diphtheria vaccine" (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 81 (3): 24–32. 20 January 2006. PMID 16671240. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2015. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "WHO2006" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "Diphtheria". who.int. 3 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
- ↑ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
- ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
- ↑ Al, A. E. Paniz-Mondolfi et (2019). "Resurgence of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Venezuela as a Regional Public Health Threat in the Americas – Volume 25, Number 4 – April 2019 – Emerging Infectious Diseases journal – CDC". Emerging Infectious Diseases (in Turanci). 25 (4): 625–632. doi:10.3201/eid2504.181305. PMC 6433037. PMID 30698523.
- ↑ Loving, Starling (5 October 1895). "Something concerning the diagnosis and treatment of false croup". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. XXV (14): 567–573. doi:10.1001/jama.1895.02430400011001d. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ↑ Cormack, John Rose (8 May 1875). "Meaning of the Terms Diphtheria, Croup, and Faux Croup". British Medical Journal. 1 (749): 606. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.749.606. PMC 2297755. PMID 20747853.
- ↑ Bennett, James Risdon (8 May 1875). "True and False Croup". British Medical Journal. 1 (749): 606–607. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.749.606-a. PMC 2297754. PMID 20747854.
- ↑ Vanderpool, Patricia (December 2012). "Recognizing croup and stridor in children". American Nurse Today. 7. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.