Rashin jituwa da yanayi
 Rashin jituwa da yanayi | |
|---|---|
| ƙunshiya | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Canjin yanayi da robustness (en)  |
| Relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator (en) |
Target 13.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (en) |
Resilience na yanayi shine ra'ayi don bayyana yadda mutane ko tsarin halittu ke shirye don dawowa daga wasu abubuwan Hadarin yanayi. Ma'anar kalmar ita ce "ikon zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da yanayin halittu don magance wani abu mai haɗari ko yanayin ko rikici". : 7 Misali, juriya ta yanayi na iya zama ikon murmurewa daga girgizar yanayi kamar ambaliyar ruwa da fari. Ayyuka daban-daban na iya kara karfin yanayi na al'ummomi da tsarin halittu don taimaka musu su jimre. Za su iya taimakawa wajen ci gaba da tsarin aiki a fuskar dakarun waje. Misali, gina bangon teku don kare al'ummar bakin teku daga ambaliyar ruwa na iya taimakawa wajen kula da hanyoyin rayuwa da ke akwai a can.
Don kara karfin yanayi yana nufin mutum ya rage matsalar yanayi na mutane, al'ummomi da ƙasashe. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Za su iya zama canje-canje na fasaha da ababen more rayuwa (ciki har da gine-gine da hanyoyi) ko manufofi (misali dokoki da ka'idoji). Har ila yau, akwai hanyoyin zamantakewa da na al'umma, da kuma na yanayi, misali ta hanyar maido da yanayin halittu kamar gandun daji don aiki a matsayin shingen halitta game da tasirin yanayi. Wadannan nau'ikan hanyoyin kuma an san su da sauyin yanayi. Resilience na yanayi wani ra'ayi ne mai zurfi wanda ya haɗa da daidaitawa amma kuma yana jaddada tsarin tsarin sarrafa haɗari. Dole ne a aiwatar da canje-canjen a kowane sikelin al'umma, daga aikin al'umma na gida har zuwa yarjejeniyar duniya. Har ila yau, yana jaddada buƙatar canza tsarin da al'ummomi da kuma magance sauyin yanayi.
Don yin al'ummomi da suka fi jurewa, ya kamata a tsara manufofin yanayi da tsare-tsaren ta hanyar zaɓin da ke tallafawa dorewa. Irin wannan ci gaba ya zama sananne a matsayin ci gaban juriya na yanayi. Ya zama sabon tsari don Ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Yana rinjayar ka'idar da aiki a duk bangarorin duniya.[1] Hanyoyi guda biyu da suka fada ƙarƙashin irin wannan ci gaba sune kayan aikin da ke da ƙarfin yanayi da Aikin noma mai basira. Wani misali shine sabis na ruwa mai jure yanayi. Waɗannan ayyuka ne waɗanda ke ba da damar samun ruwan sha mai inganci a duk lokutan kuma har ma a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi.[2] A kowace nahiya, gwamnatoci yanzu suna karɓar manufofi don tattalin arzikin yanayi mai jurewa. Tsarin kasa da kasa kamar Yarjejeniyar Paris da Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci Gaban sune direbobi don irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen .[3]
Akwai kayan aiki don auna ƙarfin yanayi. Suna ba da damar kwatanta ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na mutane ta hanyar ma'auni. Kayan aiki masu ma'ana suna amfani da ma'anar daidaituwa da bayyane na juriya. Misalai guda biyu don kayan aiki masu ma'ana sune Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis (RIMA) da Livelihoods Change Over Time (LCOT).[4][5] Hanyoyin ra'ayi a gefe guda suna amfani da ra'ayoyin mutane game da abin da ke haifar da juriya. Mutane suna yin nasu kimantawa game da juriyarsu.[6]
Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana ɗaukar juriya ta yanayi gabaɗaya a matsayin ikon murmurewa daga, ko don rage rauni ga, girgizar yanayi kamar ambaliyar ruwa da fari. Tsarin siyasa ne wanda ke ƙarfafa ikon kowa don rage rauni ga haɗari daga, da daidaitawa da sauye-sauyen a cikin, haɗarin yanayi da canji.[7]
Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC ya yi la'akari da juriya na yanayi a matsayin "ikon zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da yanayin halittu don magance wani abu mai haɗari ko yanayin ko rikici". Ya haɗa da iyawa don sake tsarawa da koyo. : 7 :7
Resilience wani ra'ayi ne mai amfani saboda yana magana a fadin bangarori da horo amma wannan kuma yana buɗewa ga fassarar da ke haifar da bambance-bambance, kuma a wasu lokuta masu gasa, ma'anoni. Ma'anar juriya ta yanayi ana muhawara sosai, a cikin ma'ana da kuma sharuddan aiki. : 7 :7
Dangane da wani tsari, ƙwarewar asali guda uku na juriya sune daidaitawa, tsammanin da ƙarfin sha. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan damar suna da sauƙin ganewa wanda kuma yana nufin cewa duk wani canji zai iya zama da sauƙi a biye da shi. An mayar da hankali kan juriya a matsayin sakamakon wani aiki ko shirin, da kuma yadda za a auna ci gaba.[8]
Rashin jituwa na yanayi yana da alaƙa sosai da daidaitawar Canjin yanayi saboda duka biyun suna da alaƙa da ƙarfafa ikon tsarin don tsayayya da abubuwan da suka faru. Sau da yawa ana amfani da daidaitawa da juriya ta hanyar musayar, duk da haka, akwai manyan bambance-bambance.
- Resilience ya haɗa da tsarin da ya fi dacewa don shawo kan canji. Ya haɗa da amfani da waɗannan canje-canje don zama mafi inganci. Manufar ita ce mutane na iya shiga tsakani don sake tsara tsarin lokacin da rikici ya haifar da damar yin hakan.[9] ::174 [10] Resilience na yanayi wani muhimmin bangare ne na tsarin gine-gine na resilience ga girgizar kasa da yawa. : 6 :6
- Daidaitawa wani mataki ne ko tsari wanda ke taimaka wa mutane ko yanayi daidaitawa da mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi. Mafi wuya, game da amfani da waɗannan canje-canjen ne.
Ci gaban juriya na yanayi yanki ne mai alaƙa da aiki da batun bincike wanda ya fito kwanan nan. Ya bayyana yanayin da ake bin daidaitawa, ragewa da mafita na ci gaba tare. Yana iya amfana daga hadin gwiwa daga tsakanin ayyukan da kuma rage cinikayya.[9] : 172 :172
Aiwatarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A halin yanzu, yawancin ayyukan da suka shafi juriya na yanayi sun mayar da hankali kan ayyukan da aka dauka don kula da tsarin da tsarin da ke akwai. Irin waɗannan gyare-gyare ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ayyukan haɓaka maimakon na canji.[9] : 130, 134 Za su iya taimakawa wajen ci gaba da tsarin aiki a fuskar sojojin waje. Misali, gina bangon teku don kare al'ummar bakin teku daga ambaliyar ruwa na iya taimakawa wajen kula da hanyoyin rayuwa da ke akwai a can.[9] ::179 Ta wannan hanyar, aiwatar da daidaitawa yana gina kan juriya a matsayin hanyar da za a sake dawowa don murmurewa bayan rikici.[9] : 130, 134 :130, 134
On the other hand, climate resilience projects can also be activities to promote and support transformational adaptation. This is because transformational adaptation is connected with implementation at scale and ideally at the system-level.[9]:72:26 Transformations, and the processes of transition, cover major systems and sectors at scale. These are energy, land and ecosystems, urban and infrastructure, and industrial and societal.[9]:125 Structural changes are also recognized as transformational. Changing land use regulations in a coastal community and establishing a programme of managed retreat are examples of structural changes.[9]:179 However, transformations may fail if they do not integrate social justice, consider power differences and political inclusion, and if they do not deliver improvements in incomes and wellbeing for everyone.[9]:171
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedGrasham-2021b2 - ↑ Charles, Katrina J.; Howard, Guy; Villalobos Prats, Elena; Gruber, Joshua; Alam, Sadekul; Alamgir, A.S.M.; Baidya, Manish; Flora, Meerjady Sabrina; Haque, Farhana; Hassan, S.M. Quamrul; Islam, Saiful (2022). "Infrastructure alone cannot ensure resilience to weather events in drinking water supplies". Science of the Total Environment (in Turanci). 813. Bibcode:2022ScTEn.81351876C. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151876. PMID 34826465 Check
|pmid=value (help).|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedGrasham-2021b - ↑ FAO (2016). "Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis - II" (PDF).
- ↑ FSIN (2014). "A Common Analytical Model for Resilience Measurement" (PDF). Food Security Information Network.
- ↑ Jones, Lindsey; D'Errico (2019). "Resilient, but from whose perspective? Like-for-like comparisons of objective and subjective measures of resilience" (PDF). London School of Economics and Political Science.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedGrasham-2021a - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBahadur - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ara Begum, R., R. Lempert, E. Ali, T.A. Benjaminsen, T. Bernauer, W. Cramer, X. Cui, K. Mach, G. Nagy, N.C. Stenseth, R. Sukumar, and P. Wester, 2022: Chapter 1: Point of Departure and Key Concepts. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 121–196, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.003 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Ara Begum" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Folke, C (2006). "Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses". Global Environmental Change. 16 (3): 253–267. Bibcode:2006GEC....16..253F. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002.