Rashin jituwa na Faransa

Rashin jituwa na Faransa
paradox (en)
Bayanai
Named by (en)	Pierre Ducimetière (en) , François Cambien (mul) , Jacques-Lucien Richard (mul) da Samuel Black (en)
Muhimmin darasi	Rayuwa mai tsawo

Cuku, kamar wannan Brie de Meaux, yana da yawan kitse mai yawa, kuma abinci ne mai shahara a abincin Faransa .

Rashin jituwa na Faransa
paradox (en)
Bayanai
Named by (en)	Pierre Ducimetière (en) , François Cambien (mul) , Jacques-Lucien Richard (mul) da Samuel Black (en)
Muhimmin darasi	Rayuwa mai tsawo

Wannan rashin jituwa ta Faransa wani abu ne da ya bayyana a matsayin abin mamaki game da annobar da ke nuna cewa mutanen Faransa ba su da ƙarancin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya (CHD), yayin da suke cin abinci mai wadataccen kitse, wanda hakan ya saba wa ra'ayin da ake da shi cewa yawan shan irin waɗannan kitse yana haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar CHD . Abin mamaki shine idan takardar da ta haɗa kitse mai cike da kitse da CHD ta yi aiki, ya kamata Faransawa su sami mafi girman adadin CHD fiye da ƙasashe masu kama da juna inda yawan shan irin waɗannan kitse ya yi ƙasa da na kowane mutum.

An kuma yi hasashen cewa wannan rashin jituwa ta Faransa wani ruɗani ne, wanda wani ɓangare ya haifar da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin yadda hukumomin Faransa ke tattara kididdigar lafiya, idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe, da kuma wani ɓangare na tasirin dogon lokaci, a lafiyar zuciya ta 'yan ƙasar Faransa, na canje-canje a tsarin abinci da aka ɗauka shekaru da suka gabata.

Gano da kuma ƙididdige rashin daidaituwar Faransa

A shekarar 1991, Serge Renaud, wani masanin kimiyya daga Jami'ar Bordeaux, Faransa - wanda a yau ake ɗauka a matsayin uban kalmar - ya gabatar da sakamakon binciken kimiyya da ya yi kan kalmar da ainihin bayanan kimiyya da ke bayan fahimtar kalmar. Bayan haka, sai aka watsa wani shirin gaskiya na jama'a a tashar talabijin ta Amurka ta CBS News, 60 Minutes .

A shekarar 1991, Renaud ya tsawaita karatunsa tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙananan masu bincike, likitan zuciya Michel de Lorgeril da kuma likitan abinci Patricia Salen . Binciken Renaud guda uku ya inganta, tare da takardarsu da ta kammala da cewa: abincin da aka gina bisa abincin kudu maso yammacin Bahar Rum (wanda ke da yawan mai na omega-3, antioxidants kuma ya haɗa da "yawan amfani" da jan giya ) ya haifar da ƙananan cututtukan ciwon daji, bugun zuciya da cututtukan zuciya ; wani ɓangare ta hanyar ƙara yawan cholesterol na HDL yayin da rage LDL cholesterol.

Hasashe na yaudarar ƙididdiga

Wannan rashin jituwa tsakanin Faransa da sauran ƙasashe ba shi da wani tasiri mai mahimmanci ga tsawon rai a ƙasar: tsawon rai a Faransa yayi kama da na ƙasashen da ke makwabtaka da ita.

A shekarar 1999, Malcolm Law da Nicholas Wald sun buga wani bincike a cikin Jaridar Lafiya ta Burtaniya, ta amfani da bayanai daga wani bincike na 1994 game da barasa da abinci don bayyana yadda wannan rashin jituwa na Faransa zai iya zama ruɗani, wanda ya haifar da karkacewar ƙididdiga guda biyu.

Da farko, Law da Wald sun danganta kusan kashi 20% na bambancin da aka samu a yawan CHD da aka lura tsakanin Faransa da Burtaniya da rashin takardar shaidar CHD a Faransa, idan aka kwatanta da Birtaniya.

Na biyu, Law da Wald sun gabatar da hasashen jinkiri na lokaci: idan akwai jinkiri tsakanin ƙaruwar yawan cholesterol a cikin jini da duk wani ƙaruwa a mace-macen cututtukan zuciya na ischemic, to yawan mace-macen da ake samu a yanzu daga CHD yana da alaƙa da matakan cholesterol na jini da cin kitse a cikin jini fiye da matakan cholesterol na jini na yanzu da kuma tsarin cin kitse. Sun rubuta,

Mun gabatar da cewa bambancin ya faru ne saboda jinkirin lokaci tsakanin ƙaruwar yawan kitsen dabbobi da yawan cholesterol a cikin jini, da kuma ƙaruwar mace-mace sakamakon cututtukan zuciya - kamar yadda aka sani lokacin da ake ɗauka tsakanin shan taba da ciwon huhu. Yawan kitsen dabbobi da cholesterol a cikin jini ya ƙaru ne kawai kwanan nan a Faransa, amma ya faru shekaru da yawa da suka gabata a Birtaniya. Shaida ta goyi bayan wannan bayanin: mace-macen da ake samu daga cututtukan zuciya a duk faɗin ƙasashe, ciki har da Faransa, yana da alaƙa sosai da yawan shan kitsen dabbobi da kuma cholesterol a cikin jini a baya (shekaru 30 da suka wuce) amma yana da rauni kawai da matakan da aka ɗauka kwanan nan. Dangane da matakan da suka gabata, bayanan mace-mace na Faransa ba su da bambanci.

Bugu da ƙari, yawan mutanen Faransa ya ƙara yin kiba. Wani bincike da Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya da Lafiya ta Faransa (INSERM) ta buga ya nuna cewa karuwar kiba daga kashi 8.5% a shekarar 1997 zuwa kashi 14.5% a shekarar 2009, inda mata suka fi nuna sha'awar kiba fiye da maza.

Tasiri

Tasirin al'adu

Tasirin da aka samu a duniyar da ke magana da Ingilishi, cewa wannan rashin jituwa ta Faransa wani abu ne na gaske, shi ne ƙara sahihanci ga ikirarin lafiya da ke da alaƙa da takamaiman hanyoyin cin abinci na Faransa.

An ga wannan a cikin mamaki lokacin da, a shekarar 1991, aka watsa wani labari na farko game da ra'ayin Faransa na wancan lokacin wanda ya saba da juna a Amurka a cikin 60 Minutes . Watsa shirye-shiryen ya bar ra'ayin cewa yawan shan jan giya da Faransa ke yi ya haifar da mafi yawan ƙarancin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya a ƙasar. Cikin shekara guda, shan jan giya a Amurka ya ƙaru da kashi 40% kuma wasu masu sayar da giya sun fara tallata kayayyakinsu a matsayin " abinci mai lafiya ."

Ana iya ganin tasirin al'adun wannan rashin jituwa ta Faransa a cikin adadi mai yawa na littattafan da ke cikin fannin abinci da lafiya waɗanda ke da'awar ba wa mai karatu damar fahimtar sirrin da ke bayan wannan rashin jituwa:

• Labarin Fat: Sirrin Abincin Faransa don Rage Nauyi na Dindindin (William Clower, 2003);
• Tsarin Abincin Faransa Kada Ku Ci: Matakai 10 Masu Sauƙi Don Ci Gaba Da Zama Sihiri Har Abada (William Clower, 2006)
• Matan Faransa Ba Sa Kiba (Mireille Guiliano, 2004, wadda ta zama lamba 1 a cikin jerin waɗanda suka fi sayarwa a 2006)
• Cholesterol da Faɗaɗar Faransanci (Frank Cooper, 2009);
• Littafin Girki na Matan Faransa Ba sa Samun Kitse (Mireille Guiliano, 2010).

Wasu littattafai sun yi ƙoƙarin ƙara musu inganci ta hanyar yin nuni ga abin da ya sa Faransa ta yi kama da wannan. An tallata littafin The Dukan Diet na Amurka, wanda Pierre Dukan, wani likita da ke zaune a birnin Paris, da taken "Ainihin dalilin da ya sa Faransawa suka ci gaba da zama sirara".

Tasirin kimiyya

Kasancewar rashin jituwar Faransa ya haifar da wasu masu bincike don yin hasashen cewa alaƙar da ke tsakanin cin abinci mai kitse mai cike da abinci da cututtukan zuciya ba za ta yi ƙarfi kamar yadda aka yi tsammani a baya ba. Wannan ya haifar da sake duba binciken da aka yi a baya wanda ya nuna wannan alaƙar.

Wasu masu bincike sun yi tambaya game da alaƙar da ake da'awar tsakanin cin kitse mai cike da halitta da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. A shekara ta 2006, wannan ra'ayi ya sami goyon baya kai tsaye daga sakamakon Nazarin Lafiyar Ma'aikatan Jinya wanda Shirin Lafiyar Mata ke gudanarwa. Bayan tattara bayanai kimanin shekaru 8 kan abinci da lafiyar mata 'yan Amurka 49,000 bayan sun daina haila, masu binciken sun gano cewa daidaiton kitse mai cike da kitse da wanda ba shi da kitse bai yi kama da yana shafar haɗarin cututtukan zuciya ba, yayin da shan kitse mai trans yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwar haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.

Hakazalika, marubutan wani bita na nazarin abinci a shekarar 2009 sun kammala da cewa babu isassun shaidu da za su tabbatar da alaƙa tsakanin cin kitse mai cike da kitse da kuma haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya.

Bayani mai yiwuwa

Bayani dangane da yawan shan jan giya ga kowane mutum a Faransa

An yi hasashen cewa yawan shan jan giya a Faransa shi ne babban abin da ya haifar da wannan yanayi. An bayyana wannan hasashen a cikin wani shiri na minti 60 a shekarar 1991. Shirin ya haifar da karuwar bukatar jan giya a Arewacin Amurka daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Ana kyautata zaton cewa daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin jan giya mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da wannan tasirin shine resveratrol ; duk da haka, marubutan wani bincike na 2003 sun kammala da cewa adadin resveratrol da masu shan jan giya ke sha yana da ƙanƙanta wanda ba zai yiwu a bayyana abin da ke haifar da wannan rashin jituwa ba.

An yi la'akari da jan giya a matsayin wata hujja, amma ba zai iya bayyana wannan rashin jituwa ba.

Bayani bisa ga dalilai da yawa

A cikin "Life in France and the United States" (2010), wani bincike da aka yi nazari a kai ya gano manyan abubuwa uku da za su iya haifar da wannan rashin jituwa:

• Tafiya (A matsakaici, mutanen Faransa suna tafiya da sauri fiye da Amurkawa.)
• Ruwa (A matsakaici, mutanen Faransa suna shan ruwa da yawa kuma ba su da abubuwan sha masu zaki fiye da Amurkawa.)
• 'Ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu (A matsakaici, mutanen Faransa suna cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu sabo fiye da Amurkawa.)

Man zaitun da baguette marasa kyau, waɗanda galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin alamar al'adun Faransa

A cikin littafinsa na 2003, The Fat Fallacy: The French Diet Secrets to Permanent Weight Loss, Will Clower ya nuna cewa za a iya taƙaita wannan rashin jituwa ta Faransa zuwa wasu muhimman abubuwa, wato:

• Kitse mai kyau idan aka kwatanta da kitse mara kyau - Mutanen Faransa suna samun kashi 80% na kitsen da suke ci daga kayan kiwo da kayan lambu, gami da madarar gaba ɗaya, cuku, da yogurt na madara gaba ɗaya.
• Yawan kifi (aƙalla sau uku a mako).
• Ƙananan rabo, ana ci a hankali kuma ana raba su tsakanin abinci wanda ke ba jiki damar fara narke abincin da aka riga aka ci kafin a ƙara ƙarin abinci.
• Rage yawan shan sukari - Abincin Amurka mai ƙarancin kitse da wanda ba shi da kitse galibi yana ɗauke da yawan sukari. Abincin Faransa yana guje wa waɗannan samfuran, yana fifita nau'ikan kitse mai cikakken kitse ba tare da ƙarin sukari ba .
• Ƙarancin yawan abubuwan ciye-ciye tsakanin abinci.
• Guje wa kayayyakin abinci na Amurka da aka saba amfani da su, kamar su soda, abinci mai soyayyen abinci, abincin ciye-ciye, da kuma musamman abincin da aka shirya wanda yawanci zai iya zama babban kaso na abincin da ake samu a shagunan kayan abinci na Amurka.

Clower yana rage imanin da aka saba yi cewa shan giya da shan taba su ne manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan rashin jituwa a Faransa. Duk da cewa kaso mafi girma na mutanen Faransa suna shan taba, wannan bai fi na Amurka ba (kashi 35% a Faransa idan aka kwatanta da kashi 25% a Amurka) kuma da wuya ya haifar da bambancin nauyi tsakanin ƙasashe.

Abinci mai gina jiki na farkon rayuwa

Wani bayani da aka gabatar game da wannan rashin jituwa na Faransa ya shafi yiwuwar tasirin ( epigenetic ko akasin haka) na inganta abinci a cikin watanni da shekarun farko na rayuwa, wanda aka yi a cikin tsararraki da yawa. Bayan shan kaye a yakin Franco-Prussian a 1871, gwamnatin Faransa ta gabatar da wani shiri mai tsauri na abinci mai gina jiki. samar da abinci mai inganci ga mata masu juna biyu da ƙananan yara da nufin ƙarfafa tsararraki na gaba na sojoji (an aiwatar da shirin kimanin shekaru talatin kafin wani shiri makamancin haka a Ingila don mayar da martani ga Yaƙin Boer ). An yi hasashen cewa takamaiman lokacin da aka yi wannan shiga tsakani na tarihi zai iya taimakawa wajen bayyana ƙarancin kiba da cututtukan zuciya da ake samu a Faransa.

Duba kuma

 

• French cuisine – Culinary tradition
• Israeli paradox – Paradox of high CHD incidence among Israeli Jews
• List of paradoxes – List of statements that appear to contradict themselves
• Mediterranean diet – Diet inspired by the Mediterranean region
• Mexican paradox – Paradox regarding low birth weight among Mexicans
• Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease – Fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bondsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Stroke Belt – Region in the United States
• Health effects of wine – Potential health effects resulting from drinking wine

Manazarta

 

Ƙarin karatu

• Michel de Lorgeril; Patricia Salen (2011). "Prévenir l'infarctus (Preventing heart attack)".
•  
• Michel de Lorgeril (2007). "Dites à votre médecin que le cholestérol est innocent (Tell your doctor that cholesterol is innocent)".
• Serge Renaud (2004). "Le régime crétois (The Mediterranean Regime)".
• Serge Renaud (1998). "Le régime santé (The Health Plan)".
•  

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• Yadda Ake Rayuwa Har Abada Masanin Tattalin Arziki 3 Janairu 2008