Rashin nasara a Ƙasar Ingila
 Rashin nasara a Ƙasar Ingila | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Fuskar | Rashin daidaituwa |
Fracking wata dabara ce mai motsawa wanda dutse ya karye ta hanyar ruwa mai matsin lamba. Yana buƙatar rami don a hako shi don yin niyya mai zurfi a cikin tafkin. Don samar da mai da iskar gas, rijiyoyin da aka fashe da ruwa na iya zama a kwance ko tsaye, yayin da tafkin na iya zama na al'ada ko wanda ba na al'adu ba. Bayan an hako rijiyar, an layi, kuma an yi rajista da ita, ana iya fashe dutsen ta hanyar ruwa.[1]
Fracking a cikin Ƙasar Ingila an yi iƙirarin cewa ya fara ne a ƙarshen 1970s tare da fashewar wasu maɓuɓɓugar mai da iskar gas 200 a kan iyaka. Hanyar ta ja hankalin mutane bayan an ba da lasisi don binciken iskar gas a cikin shekara ta 2008. Rahoton hadin gwiwa daga Royal Society da Royal Society of Engineering ne ya yi ikirarin rijiyoyin 200 a shekarar 2012, amma ya zama yaudara, a cikin wannan karamin yanki na gida na iya yin amfani da shi a waɗannan rijiyoyin, misali don tsaftace rijiyoyi, amma ba a yi amfani da babban fashewar ruwa (HVHF) ba, ban da Preese Hall-1 da Cuadrilla ya hako a Lancashire a cikin 2011. An tattauna ma'anar HVHF a ƙasa.
Batun ya sami muhawara mai yawa ta jama'a a kan dalilai na muhalli, tare da hukuncin babban kotun 2019 wanda ya haramta aikin. An yi amfani da rijiyoyi biyu kawai a kwance ta amfani da HVHF. Mai aiki, Cuadrilla, ya kamata ya fara toshewa da kuma dakatar da waɗannan rijiyoyin a cikin 2022, amma a cikin bazara na 2025 bai ma fara ba. [2]
Ma'anar fracking a cikin mahallin Burtaniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hydrocarbons an kafa su ne a cikin dutse. Za su iya yin ƙaura a kan lokacin ilimin ƙasa don tattara a cikin dutse mai tafki, daga inda za a iya samun damar su ta hanyar hakowa da hanyoyin samarwa na al'ada. Amma kaddarorin jiki na dutsen tushe za a iya canza su ta hanyar abin da ake kira hanyoyin da ba a saba da su ba, irin wannan girman dutsen tushi ya zama tafkin. Irin wannan canjin yana cikin rukunin hanyoyin motsawa. motsawa mai kyau na iya amfani da geothermal da kuma albarkatun hydrocarbon.
Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) da acidising sune hanyoyi biyu da aka fi sani da su don motsawa. Shafin kwararar ya nuna cewa fracking na hydraulic da fracking na acid sune nau'o'i biyu na hanyoyin hydraulic marasa al'ada. Amma acidising yana da rikitarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa ana ɗaukar acidising na matrix na al'ada. Lura cewa yana faruwa a ƙasa da raguwar dutse.
A cikin majalisa da kuma ba da izinin hydrocarbon na Burtaniya, Adriana Zalucka et al. (a cikin wani labarin da aka sake dubawa daga 2021) sun sake duba ma'anoni daban-daban, da kuma rawar da manyan masu tsarawa da hukumomi ke takawa, musamman Hukumar Man Fetur da Gas (OGA), Hukumar Muhalli (EA), Hukumar Kula da Lafiya da Tsaro (HSE) da hukumomin tsarawa.
A kan iyakar Burtaniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An kiyasta rijiyoyin ruwa na al'ada 200 sun kasance ƙarƙashin raguwar ruwa; kusan 10% na duk rijiyoyin da ke kan iyaka a Ƙasar Ingila, gami da Wytch Farm, wanda shine mafi girman filin mai na al'adu a yammacin Turai.
Daga 1977 har zuwa 1994, an gudanar da gwajin wutar lantarki mai zafi a cikin dutsen Carnmenellis na Cornwall. A lokacin wannan gwaji, rijiyoyi uku na geothermal tare da zurfin kilomita 2.6 (1.6 an karye su da ruwa "don bincika motsawar ruwa na cibiyoyin sadarwa a yanayin zafi a ƙasa da 100 °C (212 °F) ° C (212 ° F) ".[3]
Za'a iya gano yaduwar sha'awar jama'a a cikin raguwar ruwa mai yawa a Burtaniya zuwa shekara ta 2008, lokacin da aka ba Cuadrilla Resources lasisin binciken man fetur da ci gaba a zagaye na 13 na lasisi na kan teku don Binciken iskar gas da ba a saba gani ba a bakin tekun Lancashire. Ayyukan HVHF na farko na kamfanin : An yi 4 a kan rijiyar Preese Hall-1 a watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, kusa da Blackpool, Lancashire. [4] Cuadrilla ta dakatar da ayyukan saboda aikin girgizar kasa da ke lalata kwalliya a yankin samarwa. A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2019, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta sanya dakatarwar fashewa a Ingila. Scotland da Wales suna da jinkiri a wurin game da fashewar ruwa.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cuss, RJ; Wiseall, CA; Hennissen, JAI; Waters, CN; Kemp, SJ; Ougier-Simonin, A; Holyoake, S; Haslam, RB (25 November 2015). Hough, E; Stephenson, MH (eds.). "Hydraulic Fracturing: A review of theory and field experience" (PDF). Energy & Marine Geoscience Programme Open Report OR/15/066. BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Retrieved 31 March 2017. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ "Fracking firm Cuadrilla to permanently abandon UK shale gas sites". TheGuardian.com. 10 February 2022.
- ↑ Busby, Jon (25–29 April 2010). "Geothermal Prospects in the United Kingdom" (PDF). Proceedings World Geothermal Congress. Bali, Indonesia. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ↑ Department of Energy and Climate Change (February 2014). "Fracking UK shale: Water" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ↑ "Oil and gas: Unconventional oil and gas - gov.scot". www.gov.scot. Retrieved 2019-11-06.
On 28 January 2015, we put in place a moratorium on UOG development in Scotland which prevents hydraulic fracturing and coalbed methane extraction taking place