Rashin rauni mai tsanani na koda
| Rashin rauni mai tsanani na koda | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
kidney failure (en) |
| Field of study (en) |
nephrology (en) , urology (en) , Ilimin Cututtuka histology (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | N17 |
| ICD-10 | N17 |
| ICD-9 | 584 |
| DiseasesDB | 11263 |
| MedlinePlus | 000501 |
| eMedicine | 000501 |
| MeSH | D058186 |
| Disease Ontology ID | DOID:3021 |
Rashin rauni mai tsanani na koda (AKI), wanda a baya ake kira gagarumin gazawar koda (ARF), [1] shine raguwar kwatsam a cikin aikin koda wanda ke tasowa a cikin kwanaki bakwai, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar karuwar creatinine na serum ko raguwar fitar da fitsari, ko duka biyun.[2][3]
Ana rarraba abubuwan da ke haifar da AKI a matsayin ko dai prerenal (saboda raguwar jini zuwa koda), intrinsic renal (saho da lalacewar koda kanta), ko postrenal (saboda toshewar fitsari). [4] Abubuwan da ke haifar da AKI sun haɗa da sepsis, rashin ruwa, asarar jini mai yawa, damuwa ta zuciya, gazawar zuciya, cirrhosis, da wasu magunguna kamar Masu hana ACE ko NSAIDs.[4] Abubuwan da ke haifar da koda na AKI sun haɗa da glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, acute tubular necrosis, wasu maganin rigakafi, da magungunan magani.[4] Abubuwan da ke haifar da AKI sun haɗa da duwatsun koda, ciwon daji, neurogenic bladder, fadada prostate, ƙuntatawar urethra, da wasu magunguna kamar anticholinergics.[4]
Ana yin ganewar asali na AKI bisa ga alamun mutum da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, tare da gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gaje da ke auna creatinine da fitar da fitsari. Sauran gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da Microscopy na fitsari da electrolytes. Ana iya samun Ultrasound na koda lokacin da ake zargin dalilin bayan haihuwa. Ana iya samun biopsy na koda lokacin da ake zargin AKI na koda, kuma ba a san dalilin ba.[4]
Ana ganin AKI a cikin 10-15% na mutanen da aka kwantar a asibiti kuma a cikin fiye da 50% na mutanen da suka kwantar a cikin sashin kulawa mai tsanani (ICU). [1] AKI na iya haifar da matsaloli da yawa, gami da metabolic acidosis, matakan potassium mai girma, Uremia, canje-canje a cikin ma'aunin ruwa na jiki, tasirin wasu tsarin gabobin, da mutuwa. Mutanen da suka fuskanci AKI suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da Cutar koda mai tsanani a nan gaba.[1] Gudanarwa ta haɗa da maganin ainihin dalilin da kulawa mai tallafawa, kamar maganin maye gurbin koda.
Alamomi da alamomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dalilin da ke haifar da shi sau da yawa yana mamaye gabatarwar asibiti. Alamomin mummunan rauni na koda suna haifar da rikice-rikice daban-daban a cikin aikin koda waɗanda ke da alaƙa da cutar. Tattara urea da sauran abubuwan da ke dauke da nitrogen a cikin jini suna haifar da alamomi da yawa, kamar Gajiya, asarar abinci, ciwon kai, ƙishirwa, da amai. Karin karuwa a matakin potassium na iya haifar da bugun zuciya mara kyau, wanda zai iya zama mai tsanani da barazana ga rayuwa.[5] Ana shafar ma'aunin ruwa akai-akai, kodayake hawan jini na iya zama mai girma, ƙasa, ko al'ada.
Za'a iya samun ciwo a bangarorin a wasu yanayi (kamar ƙuƙwalwar jini na koda ko kumburi na koda). Wannan shine sakamakon shimfiɗa kwayar kwayar da ke kewaye da koda. Idan raunin koda shine sakamakon rash ruwa, ana iya samun ƙishirwa da kuma shaidar raguwar ruwa a gwajin jiki.[6] Binciken jiki na iya samar da wasu alamomi game da ainihin dalilin matsalar koda, kamar rash a cikin interstitial nephritis (ko vasculitis) da kuma kumburi mai laushi a cikin obstructive nephropathy.[6]
Dalilan da suka haifar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abubuwan da ke haifar da AKI ("pre-renal azotemia") sune waɗanda ke rage tasirin jini zuwa koda kuma suna haifar da raguwar yawan tacewar glomerular (GFR). Dukkanin koda suna buƙatar shafar su, kamar yadda koda ɗaya har yanzu ya fi isasshen aikin koda na yau da kullun. Abubuwan da suka haifar da AKI na Farko sun haɗa da ƙarancin jini (misali, rashin ruwa), ƙarancin hawan jini, gazawar zuciya (wanda ke haifar da Ciwon zuciya), ciwon hepatorenal a cikin mahallin cirrhosis na hanta, da canje-canje na gida ga jijiyoyin jini da ke ba da koda (misali NSAID ya haifar da vasoconstriction na afferent arteriole). Wannan na ƙarshe ya haɗa da stenosis na jijiyoyin koda, ko ƙuntatawar jijiyoyin koda wanda ke ba da jini ga koda, da kuma thrombosis na jijiyoyin koda, wanda shine samar da jini a cikin jijiyoyin koda waɗanda ke fitar da jini daga koda.[7] : 26-27 : 26-27
Na ciki ko na ciki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Intrinsic AKI yana nufin hanyoyin cututtukan da ke lalata koda kai tsaye. Kyakkyawan AKI na iya zama saboda ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin tsarin koda, gami da glomeruli, tubules na koda, ko interstitium. Abubuwan da ke haifar da kowannensu sune glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), da acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), bi da bi. Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da AKI sune rhabdomyolysis da ciwon daji. Wasu nau'ikan magunguna kamar su maganin rigakafi (misali amoxicillin / clavulanic acid) da Masu hana calcineurin (misali, tacrolimus) na iya lalata ƙwayoyin tubular na koda kai tsaye kuma ya haifar da wani nau'i na AKI.[8][9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Webb S, Dobb G (December 2007). "ARF, ATN or AKI? It's now acute kidney injury". Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 35 (6): 843–844. doi:10.1177/0310057X0703500601. PMID 18084974.
- ↑ Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, Molitoris BA, Ronco C, Warnock DG, Levin A (2007). "Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury". Critical Care. 11 (2). doi:10.1186/cc5713. PMC 2206446. PMID 17331245.
- ↑ Ronco C, Bellomo R, Kellum JA (November 2019). "Acute kidney injury". Lancet. 394 (10212): 1949–1964. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32563-2. PMID 31777389. S2CID 208230983.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Mercado MG, Smith DK, Guard EL (December 2019). "Acute Kidney Injury: Diagnosis and Management". American Family Physician. 100 (11): 687–694. PMID 31790176.
- ↑ Weisberg LS (December 2008). "Management of severe hyperkalemia". Critical Care Medicine. 36 (12): 3246–3251. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31818f222b. PMID 18936701. S2CID 33811639.
- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Brady". - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "AKI:aetiology". - ↑ Das JA, Azad S, Liu W, Kapp ME, Nguyen V (4 March 2025). "Utility of Tissue Biopsy in Amoxicillin-Clavulanate-Induced Concomitant Hepatic Failure and Renal Failure: a Case Report". Springer Nature Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. 7 (54). doi:10.1007/s42399-025-01814-6.
- ↑ Pazhayattil GS, Shirali AC (December 2014). "Drug-induced impairment of renal function". International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease. 7: 457–468. doi:10.2147/ijnrd.s39747. PMC 4270362. PMID 25540591.