Rashin tsuntsaye
 Rashin tsuntsaye | |
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| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
extinction event (en)  |
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Rushewar Tsuntsaye shine cikakkiyar kawar da dukkan jinsunan da ke ƙarƙashin aji na haraji, Tsuntsaye. Daga cikin dukkan nau'ikan tsuntsaye da aka sani, (kimanin 11,154), 159 (1.4%) sun ƙare, tare da 226 (2%) suna cikin haɗari.[1] Akwai yarjejeniya ta gaba ɗaya tsakanin masu ilimin tsuntsaye cewa idan Ayyukan ɗan adam suka ci gaba kamar yadda yanayin yanzu ke nunawa, kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan nau'in tsuntsaye, har ma da mafi yawan yawan yawan tsuntsaye. Za ya ƙare a ƙarshen karni na 21.
Ga nau'o'in da ke cikin haɗari, masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa za su fuskanci halaka a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ba tare da ƙoƙarin kiyayewa ba; ga wasu daga cikin waɗannan nau'o-in, kasancewar yawan mutanen da ke akwai a yanzu ba shi da tabbas.[2]
Dalilan da suka haifar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da yake sau da yawa yana da tasiri daga dalilai da yawa a lokaci guda, asarar mazaunin, amfani, da nau'o'in mamayewa sune mafi girman tasiri akan halakawar tsuntsaye. Nau'in tsibirin suna da hankali sosai ga waɗannan abubuwan, tare da kashi 95% na tsuntsaye tun daga ƙarshen karni na 15 kasancewa 'yan asalin tsibirin.[3] Rashin mazaunin yana da tasiri sosai ga tsuntsaye, tare da sare daji musamman da ke da alaƙa da raguwa a cikin kusan kashi 70% na duk sanannun nau'ikan tsuntsaye.[4] Wasu tsuntsaye na iya zama masu saukin kamuwa da ayyukan ɗan adam saboda yanayin mutum. Ƙananan nau'o'in tsuntsaye suna fama da lalacewar mazaunin, kuma manyan nau'o-in suna fuskantar haɗari ta hanyar farautar ɗan adam da nau'o" masu mamayewa. Manyan tsuntsaye da ke fuskantar halaka sau da yawa nau'in tsibirin ne, kuma waɗannan bambance-bambance a cikin tasiri tsakanin tsuntsaye na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da halaye da suka bambanta tsakanin tsibirin da tsuntsaye masu yawa[5]
Rashin mazaunin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kodayake cikakkiyar lalacewar mazaunin na iya rage yawan jinsuna, raguwar mazaunin ma yana da lahani kuma yana da alaƙa da halaka. Misali, itacen itace, kodayake yana nan kuma ba a cikin haɗari ba, ya ga raguwa mai yawa saboda wani ɓangare na raguwar wuraren zama. Tsuntsu mai launin ruwan kasa, kwayar cuta ta asali, ta fi yawa a cikin ƙananan wuraren gandun daji. Wannan canjin a cikin mazaunin ya sa katako da sauran tsuntsayen waƙoƙin daji suka kara kamuwa da parasitism, suna rage yawan su.[6]
Amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Halin cin zarafi, kamar tattara kwai da farauta (misali, don gashin tsuntsaye. nama, haraji, da dai sauransu), yana da alaƙa da halaka da raguwar jinsuna. Duk da yake ba ayyukan da ke adawa da adana namun daji ba, girbi mai yawa na iya cutar da yawan jama'a, wanda zai iya haifar da halaka da / ko cikakkiyar halaka. [7] Duk da yake sau da yawa ana danganta shi da zamanin d ̄ a, cin zarafin tsuntsaye har yanzu lamari ne a cikin karni na 21, koda tare da kafa ka'idojin kiyayewa. Ortolian bunting, tsuntsu mai raira waƙa da ake la'akari da shi azaman kayan gargajiya, ana farautarsa ba bisa ka'ida ba a Faransa, inda yake fuskantar cikakkiyar cirewa.[8] Har ila yau, cinikin dabbobi yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da halaka tsuntsaye, musamman ma halaka parrots. Wannan farauta ita ce ainihin dalilin lalacewar Spix's macaw a cikin daji.[8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Loehle, Craig; Eschenbach, Willis (January 2012). "Historical bird and terrestrial mammal extinction rates and causes". Diversity and Distributions (in Turanci). 18 (1): 84–91. Bibcode:2012DivDi..18...84L. doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00856.x. ISSN 1366-9516. S2CID 55510056.
- ↑ Pimm, Stuart; Raven, Peter; Peterson, Alan; Şekercioğlu, Çağan H.; Ehrlich, Paul R. (2006-07-18). "Human impacts on the rates of recent, present, and future bird extinctions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (29): 10941–10946. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604181103. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1544153. PMID 16829570.
- ↑ Caro, Tim; Rowe, Zeke; Berger, Joel; Wholey, Philippa; Dobson, Andrew (May 2022). "An inconvenient misconception: Climate change is not the principal driver of biodiversity loss". Conservation Letters (in Turanci). 15 (3). Bibcode:2022ConL...15E2868C. doi:10.1111/conl.12868. ISSN 1755-263X. S2CID 246172852 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Prakash, Sadguru; Verma, Ashok Kumar (2022). "Anthropogenic Activities and Biodiversity Threats" (PDF). International Journal of Biological Innovations. 04 (1): 94–103. doi:10.46505/IJBI.2022.4110. S2CID 247262857 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Clavero, Miguel; Brotons, Lluís; Pons, Pere; Sol, Daniel (October 2009). "Prominent role of invasive species in avian biodiversity loss". Biological Conservation (in Turanci). 142 (10): 2043–2049. Bibcode:2009BCons.142.2043C. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.034.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ "Wood Thrush". Partners in Flight (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-11-02.
- ↑ Barri, Fernando R.; Martella, Mónica B.; Navarro, Joaquín L. (October 2008). "Effects of hunting, egg harvest and livestock grazing intensities on density and reproductive success of lesser rhea Rhea pennata pennata in Patagonia: implications for conservation". Oryx. 42 (4): 607. doi:10.1017/s0030605307000798. ISSN 0030-6053. S2CID 86087035.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Jiguet, Frédéric; Robert, Alexandre; Lorrillière, Romain; Hobson, Keith A.; Kardynal, Kevin J.; Arlettaz, Raphaël; Bairlein, Franz; Belik, Viktor; Bernardy, Petra; Copete, José Luis; Czajkowski, Michel Alexandre; Dale, Svein; Dombrovski, Valery; Ducros, Delphine; Efrat, Ron (2019-05-03). "Unravelling migration connectivity reveals unsustainable hunting of the declining ortolan bunting". Science Advances. 5 (5): eaau2642. Bibcode:2019SciA....5.2642J. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau2642. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6530999. PMID 31131318.