Rayuwa mai tsawo

Rayuwa mai tsawo da tsawo mai lafiya a kasashe daban-daban na duniya a cikin 2019, a cewar WHO

Rayuwa mai tsawo a shekara 65   22.5   20   17.5   15   12.5

Rayuwa mai tsawo
assessment method (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	kiyasi, Q11482293 , health indicator (en) da lifetime (en)
Fuskar	life (en) , lifestyle (en) , Cin abinci, motsa jiki da quality of life (en)
Filin aiki	Lafiyar jama'a
ISQ dimension (en)	${\mathsf {T}}$
Uses (en)	attributable risk (en)
Characteristic of (en)	organism (en) , yawan jama'a da minority group (en)
Nada jerin	list of countries by life expectancy (en) , list of countries by past life expectancy (en) da WB-WDI-SP.DYN.LE00.IN data series (en)

Rayuwar ɗan adam ita ce ma'auni na ƙididdigar matsakaicin shekarun da kuma rage na rayuwa a wani shekarun da aka ba su. Matsayin da aka fi amfani dashi shine tsammanin rayuwa a Lokacin haihuwa (LEB, ko a cikin ƙididdigar jama'a e₀, inda e_x ke nuna matsakaicin rayuwar da ta rage a shekarun x). Ana iya bayyana wannan ta hanyoyi biyu. Cohort LEB shine matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar zato-linkid="49" href="./Cohort_(statistics)" id="mwnA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cohort (statistics)">ƙungiyar haihuwa (a wannan yanayin, duk mutanen da aka haifa a cikin shekara guda)da kuma ana iya lissafa su ne kawai ga ƙungiyar da aka haife su da daɗewa cewa duk membobinsu sun mutu. Lokaci LEB shine matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa na ƙungiyar da aka ɗauka da za a fallasa, daga haihuwa ta hanyar mutuwa, zuwa Yawan mace-mace da aka lura a cikin shekara. Adadin LEB na kasa da hukumomin kasa da kungiyoyin kasa suka bayar don yawan mutane kimantawa ne na Lokacin LEB.

Human remains from the early Bronze Age indicate an LEB of 24. In 2019, world LEB was 73.3. A combination of high infant mortality and deaths in young adulthood from accidents, epidemics, plagues, wars, and childbirth, before modern medicine was widely available, significantly lowers LEB. For example, a society with a LEB of 40 would have relatively few people dying at exactly 40: most will die before 30 or after 55. In populations with high infant mortality rates, LEB is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Because of this sensitivity, LEB can be grossly misinterpreted, leading to the belief that a population with a low LEB would have a small proportion of older people. A different measure, such as life expectancy at age 5 (e₅), can be used to exclude the effect of infant mortality to provide a simple measure of overall mortality rates other than in early childhood. For instance, in a society with a life expectancy of 30, it may nevertheless be common to have a 40-year remaining timespan at age 5.

Ana amfani da matakan yawan jama'a - kamar yawan jama'ar a cikin shekaru daban-daban - tare da matakan mutum - kamar tsammanin rayuwa na yau da kullun - yayin nazarin tsarin yawan jama'aa da ƙarfin hali. Al'ummomin da suka gabata suna da yawan mace-mace da ƙananan tsammanin rayuwa a kowane zamani ga maza da mata.

Rayuwa mai tsawo, tsawon rai, da matsakaicin Tsawon Rayuwa ba daidai ba ne. Tsawon rayuwa yana nufin tsawon rayuwar wasu mambobin jama'a. Matsakaicin rayuwa shine shekarun Mutuwa ga mutum mafi tsawo na jinsin. A lissafi, ana nuna tsawon rai

da kuma

x

{\displaystyle e_{x}}

[a] kuma shine matsakaicin adadin shekarun rayuwa da suka rage a wani shekarun da aka ba

x

{\displaystyle x}

, tare da takamaiman mutuwa. Saboda tsammanin rayuwa matsakaici ne, wani mutum na iya mutuwa shekaru da yawa kafin ko bayan da ake tsammani rayuwa.

Hakanan ana amfani da tsammanin rayuwa a cikin ilimin muhalli na shuka ko dabba, kuma a cikin teburin rayuwa (wanda aka fi sani da teburin lissafi). Hakanan ana iya amfani da manufar tsammanin rayuwa a cikin mahallin abubuwan da aka ƙera, kodayake ana amfani da kalmar da ta shafi [dubious - tattauna] rayuwa mai ɗorewa don samfuran mabukaci, kuma ana amfani da kalmomin "ma'anar lokacin rushewa" da "ma'auni tsakanin gazawar" a cikin injiniya.