Reggio Calabria

Reggio Calabria
Reggio di Calabria (it)
Wuri
38°06′52″N 15°39′00″E
Territory claimed by (en)
Ƙasa	Italiya
Yankunan Italiya	Calabria
Metropolitan city of Italy (en)	città metropolitana di Reggio Calabria (mul)
Babban birnin	province of Calabria Ultra I (en) città metropolitana di Reggio Calabria (mul) Calabria Ulteriore Prima (mul) Province of Reggio Calabria (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	170,951 (2023)
• Yawan mutane	715.16 mazaunan/km²
Demonym (en)
Harshen gwamnati	Italiyanci
Labarin ƙasa
Bangare na	Calabria
Yawan fili	239.04 km²
Altitude (en)	31 m
Sun raba iyaka da	Calanna (en) Campo Calabro (en) Fiumara (en) Laganadi (en) Roccaforte del Greco (en) Santo Stefano in Aspromonte (en) Bagaladi (en) Cardeto (en) Motta San Giovanni (en) Sant'Alessio in Aspromonte (en) Villa San Giovanni (en) Chorio (en)
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Rhegion (en)
Ƙirƙira	8 century "BCE"
Muhimman sha'ani	Siege of Rhegium (en)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	89121–89135
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	0965
ISTAT ID	080063
Italian cadastre code (municipality) (en)	H224
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	reggiocal.it

Reggio Calabria, wanda aka fi sani da Reggio di Calabria kuma galibi ana kiransa Reggio, shine birni mafi girma a Calabria da kuma mazaunin birnin Reggio Calabria na Metropolitan . Ya zuwa shekarar 2025, tana da mazauna 168,572 kuma ita ce birni na ashirin da ɗaya da ya fi yawan jama'a a Italiya, bayan Modena . Reggio Calabria tana kusa da tsakiyar Bahar Rum kuma an san ta da yanayinta, da bambancin ƙabilu da al'adu. Ita ce cibiyar tattalin arziki ta uku a yankin Kudancin Italiya . Kimanin mutane 511,935 ne ke zaune a birnin na babban birni.

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1861	54,807	—
1871	62,613	+14.2%
1881	68,178	+8.9%
1901	77,761	+14.1%
1911	76,320	−1.9%
1921	98,221	+28.7%
1931	109,443	+11.4%
1936	119,804	+9.5%
1951	140,734	+17.5%
1961	153,380	+9.0%
1971	165,822	+8.1%
1981	173,486	+4.6%
1991	177,580	+2.4%
2001	180,353	+1.6%
2011	180,817	+0.3%
2021	172,479	−4.6%

Reggio yana kan "ƙafafun" yankin Tekun Italiya kuma an raba shi da tsibirin Sicily ta hanyar mashigar Messina . Tana kan gangaren Aspromonte, wani tsauni mai tsayi da ke ratsa tsakiyar yankin.

A matsayinta na babbar ginshiki mai aiki a yankin, tana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi ta tarihi, al'adu da tattalin arziki da birnin Messina, wanda ke kan iyakar mashigin teku a Sicily, wanda ya samar da birni mai yawan jama'a ƙasa da miliyan 1.

Reggio ita ce birni mafi tsufa a yankin, kuma a zamanin da, muhimmin yanki ne mai bunƙasa na Magna Graecia . Reggio yana da tsarin birane na zamani, wanda aka kafa bayan mummunar girgizar ƙasa ta 1908, wadda ta lalata yawancin birnin. Kafin wannan girgizar ƙasa, yankin ya fuskanci wasu girgizar ƙasa da dama a baya. Girgio yana kan Farantin Eurasia kusa da layin da ya lalace inda ya haɗu da Farantin Afirka wanda ke ratsa mashigar ruwa, yana raba yankunan Turai guda biyu na Calabria da Sicily zuwa yankuna biyu daban-daban na tectonic.

Ita ce babbar cibiyar tattalin arziki don ayyukan yanki da sufuri a gabar tekun kudancin Bahar Rum. Reggio, tare da Naples da Taranto, gida ne ga ɗaya daga cikin manyan gidajen tarihi na kayan tarihi, Gidan Tarihi na Kayayyakin Tarihi na Magna Græcia, wanda aka keɓe ga Tsohuwar Girka (wanda ke ɗauke da Tagulla na Riace, misali mai wuya na sassaka tagulla na Girka, wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin alamomin birnin). Reggio ita ce wurin zama na Babban Jami'in Kula da Kayan Tarihi na Bruttium da Lucania tun daga shekarar 1907. Birnin gida ne ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Reggina, wacce a da take buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Italiya .

Babban birnin, wanda ya ƙunshi gine-ginen Liberty, yana da wani tsari mai layi a gefen teku tare da tituna masu layi ɗaya, kuma wurin shakatawa yana cike da bishiyoyin magnolia masu wuya da kuma bishiyoyin dabino masu ban mamaki. Reggio tana da laƙabi da yawa da aka fi amfani da su: "Birnin Tagulla", bayan Tagulla na Riace waɗanda shaida ce ta asalin Girka; "Birnin Bergamot ", wanda aka noma shi kaɗai a yankin; da kuma "Birnin Fatamorgana ", wani abu mai gani da ake gani a Italiya kawai daga bakin tekun Reggio.

Asalin Ma'anar

A cikin tarihinta na shekaru 3,500, an sauya wa Reggio suna sau da yawa. Kowane suna ya yi daidai da manyan matakan tarihi na birnin:

• Erythra ( Girkanci don 'ja'), ana zargin sunan matsugunin kafin Girkawa.
• Rhegion ( Ῥήγιον ), birnin Girka daga ƙarni na 8 zuwa na 3 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa.
• Phoibeia (bayan Apollo ), wani ɗan gajeren lokaci a ƙarƙashin Dionysius na II na Syracuse, a ƙarni na 4 BC.
• Regium ko Rhegium, sunan Latin na farko, a lokacin ƙarni na 3 da na 2 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa.
• Rhegium Julii ( Reggio Giulia ), a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Romawa.
• Riyyu, Sunan Larabci a ƙarƙashin mulkin Emirate of Sicily na ɗan gajeren lokaci, tsakanin ƙarni na 10 zuwa 11.
• Rìsa, a ƙarƙashin mutanen Norman, tsakanin ƙarni na 11 da 12.
• Regols, Sunan Catalan a ƙarƙashin Kambin Aragon, a ƙarshen ƙarni na 13.
• Reggio ko Regio, sunan Italiyanci da aka saba amfani da shi a zamanin Tsakiya da na Zamani.
• Reggio di Calàbria, bayan Haɗakar Italiya (za a bambanta shi da Reggio di Lombardia ko di Modena - wanda ke arewacin Italiya - wanda aka sake masa suna Reggio nell'Emilia ).

Sunan birnin na iya samo asali ne daga kalmar Italic rec (ma'ana 'sarki', wanda ya yi daidai da Latin rex ). Masana tarihin Girka da Romawa na dā sun samo shi ne daga regnynai Girkanci ( ῥηγνυναι ), 'karya'), yana nufin girgizar ƙasa ta tatsuniya inda aka raba Sicily daga babban yankin Italiya.

Tarihi

Zamanin da suka gabata

Ba a san tarihin yankin kafin zuwan Girkawa a ƙarni na takwas kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa ba. Labarun tatsuniyoyi sun rubuta jerin mutane daban-daban a yankin, ciki har da Osci (wani lokacin ana kiransa Opici ), Trojans, Oenotrians, Ligures, Ausones, Mamertines, Taureani, Sicels, Morgetes da Itali . Suna kuma da'awar cewa ƙasar da ke kewaye da Reggio an fara kiranta da Saturnia, ko Neptunia. Kalmar 'Italia' da farko tana nufin yankin da ke kewaye da Reggio kanta, kafin ta faɗaɗa zuwa kudancin Calabria na yanzu (wanda daga baya aka sani da Bruttium ), kuma a ƙarshe ta zama sunan dukkan yankin Italiya a kusa da ƙarni na uku kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. Ana zargin cewa sunan ya samo asali ne daga sarki Italus, sarkin Oenotrian na yankin.

Bayan Cumae, Reggio yana ɗaya daga cikin yankunan mulkin mallaka na farko na Girka a kudancin Italiya. Mazauna Chalcis ne suka zauna a yankin a shekara ta 730 ko 743 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa a wurin da tsohon mazaunin, Erythra ( Ερυθρά yake. ), ma'ana 'ja'. Shahararren wanda ya kafa birnin shine Sarki Iocastus, ɗan Aeolus, wanda daga baya aka ce an binne shi a kan titin Punta Calamizzi (wanda ake kira "Pallantion") kuma ya bayyana a kan tsabar kudin birnin. Masarautar ta riƙe sunan "Rhegion" ( Ῥήγιον ). Pseudo-Scylax kuma ya rubuta cewa birnin Girka ne.

Rhegion yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen Magna Graecia, wanda ya kai babban ƙarfin tattalin arziki da siyasa a ƙarni na 5 da na 6 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) a ƙarƙashin Anaxilas, wanda ya yi mulki a matsayin mai mulkin kama-karya daga 494 zuwa 476 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). Anaxilas sun mamaye Zancle ( Messina ta zamani), inda suka faɗaɗa ikon Rhegian a kan gaɓar teku biyu na Mashigin Messina. Ya yi ƙoƙarin cin nasara a kan Locri a shekara ta 477 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) amma aka ƙi shi. Lokacin da ya mutu a shekara ta 476 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), 'ya'yansa maza biyu sun yi ƙanƙanta da ba za su iya yin mulki ba, don haka mai mulkinsu Micythus ne ke riƙe da mulki. A ƙarƙashin mulkinsa, Rhegion ya kafa wani yanki mai suna Pyxous ( Policastro Bussentino na zamani) a Campania a shekara ta 471 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. Hieron na ɗaya na Syracuse ne ya tsara yadda Micythus zai cire mulki a shekara ta 467 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, bayan haka 'ya'yan Anaxilas suka yi mulki da kansu har sai da aka hambarar da su a shekara ta 461 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. A lokacin Yaƙin Peloponnesian, Rhegion ya yi kawance da Athens . Wani rubutu a Atheniya ( IG I ³ 53) ya ba da rahoton sabunta wannan kawance a shekara ta 433 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. Mutanen Athens sun goyi bayan Rhegion a yaƙin da suka yi da Locri a lokacin Yaƙin Sicilian na Farko (427–425 BC). Duk da haka, lokacin da mutanen Athens suka ƙaddamar da babban balaguron Sicilian na 415–413 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), Rhegion ya ba su taimako kaɗan ne kawai.

A lokacin Yaƙin Sicily na Uku, Rhegion ya zama mai adawa da Dionysius na I na Syracuse . Ya kai hari a birnin a karon farko a shekara ta 396 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), amma an ƙi shi. Dionysius ya lalata rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Rheg a shekara ta 389 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), ya sake kewaye birnin a shekara ta 388 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), kuma lokacin da ya faɗi a shekara ta 387 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), ya lalata shi. Ɗansa, Dionysius II, ya sake kafa birnin a matsayin 'Phoebeia' a cikin shekarun 360 BC. Lokacin da aka kore shi daga Syracuse a shekara ta 356 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), ya ci gaba da iko da Phoebeia, amma sojojin Syracusan waɗanda Leptines da Callippus suka jagoranta suka kwace ta a shekara ta 351 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). Daga nan Rhegion ya koma sunansa na asali.

A tsawon zamanin da, Rhegion ta kasance muhimmin birni na teku da kasuwanci da kuma cibiyar al'adu, kamar yadda kasancewar makarantun fasaha, falsafa, da kimiyya suka nuna, kamar Makarantar Pythagorean, da kuma sanannen mawaƙinta Ibycus, masanin tarihi Ippys, masanin kiɗa Glaucus, da kuma masu sassaka Pythagoras da Clearchus .

Rhigion ya ƙulla ƙawance da Jamhuriyar Roma a shekara ta 282 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), jim kaɗan kafin Yaƙin Pyrrhic . Legio Campana, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Decius Vibellus, an naɗa shi a matsayin sansani amma daga baya ya ƙaddamar da juyin mulki mai tsanani kuma ya kwace iko da birnin. Sojojin Romawa sun hambarar da Decius suka kuma dawo da 'yancin birnin a shekara ta 271 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). Bayan haka, Rhegium muhimmiyar ƙawa ce ga Roma, tare da matsayin municipium da socia navalis (abokin sojan ruwa). Ya riƙe al'adun Girka da yarenta, da kuma na'urar haƙo ta. Ya kasance babban abin jan hankali ga zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa da na babban yankin ƙasa, wanda ɓangaren ƙarshe na Via Popilia ya isa, wanda aka gina a ƙarni na 2 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa kuma ya haɗu da tsohuwar Via Appia a Capua, kudancin Roma. Kusa da Rhigion, a kan mashigin Messina, akwai tashar jiragen ruwa mai cike da jama'a ta Columna Rhegina. A ƙarƙashin Sarki Augustus, an sake wa birnin suna Rhegium Juli don girmama uban riƙon sarki Julius Caesar kuma shine wurin da corrēctor (gwamnan) na "Regio III Lucania et Bruttii " (kudanci mafi yawan yankuna goma sha ɗaya da Italiya ta raba). A shekara ta 61 AD, manzo St. Paul ya ratsa Rhegium a tafiyarsa ta ƙarshe zuwa Roma, ya mayar da Kiristocin yankin farko, kuma bisa ga al'ada, ya kafa harsashin mayar da Bruttium Kiristanci.

Rhegium ya yi alfahari da wanka mai zafi guda tara a zamanin mulkin mallaka, ɗaya daga cikinsu har yanzu ana iya ganinsa a bakin teku. Saboda ayyukan girgizar ƙasa, sau da yawa ana lalata yankin ta hanyar girgizar ƙasa, kamar a shekara ta 91 BC, 17 AD, 305 da 374.

Tsakiyar Zamani

Reggio a cikin zane-zane na zamanin da

Dakaru da dama sun mamaye Reggio a farkon Zamanin Tsakiya saboda muhimmancin birnin.

Mamaya daga Vandals, Lombards da Goths sun faru ne a ƙarni na 5-6. Sannan, a ƙarƙashin mulkin Byzantine, ya zama babban birni na mallakar Byzantine a Italiya kuma ya kasance babban birnin Duchy na Calabria sau da yawa tsakanin 536 da 1060 AD. Bayan yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Lombards da Byzantines a ƙarni na 6, an sake wa Bruttium suna Calabria.

A matsayin cibiyar al'adu ta Byzantine, wasu sufaye a can sun yi aikin rubutu, suna gudanar da rubuta tsoffin ayyukan gargajiya. Har zuwa ƙarni na 15, Reggio yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan Bishop-priest na Girka a Italiya - har ma a yau ana amfani da kalmomin Girka kuma ana iya gane su a cikin jawabin gida kuma ana iya samun kalmomin Byzantine a cikin ibadar gida, a cikin gumakan addini har ma a cikin girke-girke na gida. A wannan lokacin, yawan ƙaura da Girkawa ke yi daga mamayar Slavic da Peloponnese, ya ƙara ƙarfafa yankin Hellenic na birnin. A wannan lokacin, Byzantines sun yanke shawarar ƙaura da noman bishiyoyin mulberry da kuma kiwon tsutsotsi daga Siriya (wanda ke fuskantar barazana koyaushe) zuwa Reggio, wanda daga baya zai zama da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin Reggio da kuma ga daular baki ɗaya.

Larabawa sun mamaye Reggio a shekarar 918 kuma sun kama wasu mazaunanta don fansa ko kuma sun tsare su a matsayin bayi. Na ɗan gajeren lokaci a ƙarni na 10 zuwa 11, Larabawa ne ke mulkin birnin, kuma aka sake masa suna Rivàh (ko kuma wani lokacin Rŷu ), ya zama wani ɓangare na Masarautar Sicily . A lokacin mulkin Larabawa an gabatar da ra'ayoyi daban-daban masu amfani a Calabria, kamar bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itacen citrus, da kuma hanyoyi da dama na dafa kayan lambu na gida kamar aubergines. Larabawa sun gabatar da kankara ta ruwa da ice cream, sannan kuma sun inganta dabarun noma da na ruwa don ban ruwa sosai.

A shekara ta 1005, wani jirgin ruwa na Kiristoci da ya fito daga Pisa ya lalata birnin tare da kashe dukkan Saracens, lamarin da ya sa jama'ar yankin suka yi matukar farin ciki. An sake kwace birnin ta hannun mutanen Byzantine, waɗanda suka mai da shi cibiyar gudanarwa ta kudancin Italiya tare da taken babban birnin Duchy na Calabria, kuma Reggio ya sake samun wadata da yawan jama'a.

A shekara ta 1060, mutanen Norman sun kwace ta har abada daga Daular Romawa ta Gabas, a hankali suka kawo ta cikin al'adun Latin a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Paparoma, wanda ya nemi ya faɗaɗa ikonsa a kan dukkan yankin.

A shekara ta 1122, rikici ya barke tsakanin Roger II, Count of Sicily, da ɗan uwansa William II, sabon Duke na Calabria, wanda ya kai ga rikicin da aka warware shi kawai ta hanyar sa hannun Paparoma Callixtus na II . A shekara ta 1121, Paparoma ya yi nasarar sulhunta abokan hamayyar biyu ta hanyar cimma yarjejeniya inda Count of Sicily za ta samar wa ɗan uwansa rundunar sojojin doki don murkushe tawayen da Giordano, Count of Ariano, ya jagoranta. A madadin haka, William ya yi watsi da kadarorinsa a Sicily da Calabria. Roger na Biyu, wanda ya riga ya zama Yariman Salerno, sai ya yi tafiya zuwa Reggio, inda aka amince da shi a matsayin Duke na Calabria da Apulia, Count of Sicily, kuma yana da iko a kan Amalfi da Gaeta, sassan Naples, da kuma Taranto, Capua, da Abruzzi . Lokacin da aka naɗa Roger II Sarkin Sicily a shekara ta 1131, ya mayar da kujerarsa daga Reggio zuwa Palermo, duk da cewa Reggio ya ci gaba da zama babban birnin Justicerate na Calabria. A shekara ta 1234 aka kafa bikin baje kolin garin bisa umarnin Sarki Frederick na Biyu . Bayan mulkin Norman, birnin ya fuskanci mulkin Angevin da Aragonese na canzawa, duk da haka ya ci gaba da kasancewa babban birni kuma babban cibiyar yankunan Calabrian.

Daga shekarar 1266, Angvins ne suka mulki ƙasar, waɗanda rayuwarsu a Calabria ta tabarbare a ƙarƙashinsu saboda yadda suke tara dukiya a babban birninsu, Naples, wanda hakan ya bar Calabria a ƙarƙashin ikon manyan sarakunan yankin. A shekara ta 1282, a lokacin bikin Vespers na Sicilian, Reggio ta yi gangami don nuna goyon baya ga Messina da sauran biranen gabashin Sicily saboda tarihin da suka raba, sha'awar kasuwanci da al'adu. Daga 1147 zuwa 1443 da kuma daga 1465 zuwa 1582, Reggio ita ce babban birnin Calabrian Giustizierato . Ta goyi bayan sojojin Aragonese da suka yi wa Gidan Anjou. A ƙarni na 14 ta sami sabbin iko na gudanarwa. A shekara ta 1459, mutanen Aragonese sun faɗaɗa katangarsu ta zamanin da.

Reggio, a tsawon zamanin Tsakiya, da farko ya kasance muhimmin cibiyar rubutun hannu sannan kuma cibiyar bugawa bayan ƙirƙirarsa. Tana alfahari da bugu na farko da aka buga na rubutun Ibrananci, sharhin Rashi kan Pentateuch, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1475 a La Giudecca na Reggio, duk da cewa masana sun ɗauki Roma a matsayin birnin da aka fara buga Ibrananci. Al'ummar Yahudawa ta Reggio kuma an ɗauke ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashen duniya, wajen rini da cinikin siliki : Silikin da aka saka a Reggio ya shahara kuma ya saye shi daga Spain, Genoese, Dutch, English da Venetian, domin an amince da shi a matsayin mafi kyawun siliki a Masarautar Naples.

Zamanin farko na zamani

Tun daga farkon karni na 16, Masarautar Naples tana ƙarƙashin mulkin Habsburgs na Spain, waɗanda suka sanya Reggio ƙarƙashin magajin gari daga shekara 1504 zuwa 1713. Karni na 16 da 17 zamanin lalacewa ne saboda yawan harajin Spain, annoba, girgizar ƙasa ta 1562, da mamayar Turkawa ta Ottoman da Reggio ta sha wahala tsakanin 1534 da 1594. A shekara ta 1534, mutanen garin suka fuskanci hari daga rundunar sojojin Ottoman a ƙarƙashin Hayreddin Barbarossa . Barbarossa ta kama ɗari takwas daga cikin waɗanda suka rage sannan ta ƙone garin. Bayan da 'yan fashin teku na Barbary suka kai hari kan Reggio a shekarar 1558, sun kai yawancin mazauna birnin Tripoli a matsayin bayi.

A shekara ta 1714, kudancin Italiya ya sake zama mallakar Habsburgs na Austria, waɗanda suka ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 1734, lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da Bourbons na Spain. Reggio ita ce babban birnin Calabria Ultriore Prima daga 1759 zuwa 1860. A shekara ta 1783, wata mummunar girgizar ƙasa ta lalata Reggio, dukkan kudancin Calabria da Messina .

An noma kuma ana amfani da 'ya'yan itacen citrus masu daraja, lemu na Bergamot a yankin Reggio tun ƙarni na 15. A shekarar 1750, ana noma shi sosai a yankin Rada Giunchi da ke Reggio kuma shi ne farkon irinsa a duniya.

Reggio Calabria a shekarar 1853

A shekarar 1806, Napoleon Bonaparte ya kwace Reggio ya mayar da birnin hedkwatar Duchy da Janar. Bayan faduwar tsohuwar, a shekarar 1816, tsoffin Masarautun Naples da na Sicily sun haɗu, suka zama Masarautar Sicily guda biyu .

A lokacin ƙarni na 19, an shimfida sabbin lambuna na jama'a, an ƙawata piazzas (ko murabba'ai) sannan aka buɗe gidajen shayi da gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A sabon wurin shakatawa na teku da aka buɗe, an buɗe wani gidan tarihi na jama'a. A gaskiya ma, kimanin shekaru 60 bayan barnar da girgizar ƙasa ta 1783 ta haifar, matafiyi kuma mai zane ɗan Ingila Edward Lear ya ce "Reggio hakika babban lambu ne, kuma babu shakka ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi kyau da za a gani a duniya. Gidan sarauta mai rabin lalacewa, mai kyau a launi kuma mai kyau a siffarsa, yana kallon duk dogon birni, magudanar ruwa mai faɗi, da kuma Mongibello mai dusar ƙanƙara a bayansa."

Na ƙarshen zamani da na zamani

Illolin girgizar ƙasa ta 1908

Reggio di Calabria a shekarar 1920

A ranar 21 ga Agusta 1860, lokacin Battaglia di Piazza Duomo (Yaƙin Cathedral Square), Giuseppe Garibaldi ya ci Masarautar Sicilies Biyu . Bruno Antonio Rossi (magajin garin Reggio bayan masanin tarihi Domenico Spanò Bolani, wanda ya taimaka wa 'yan ƙasa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na rikici) shi ne na farko a masarautar da ya ayyana sabuwar mulkin kama-karya na Garibaldi da kuma ƙarshen mulkin Francis na II .

A ranar 28 ga Disamba 1908, da ƙarfe 5:21 na safe, girgizar ƙasa ta afka wa garin, kuma ta girgiza sosai na tsawon daƙiƙa 31. Lalacewar ta fi muni a yankin Messina da ke gabar Tekun Mashigin Teku. An kiyasta cewa mutane 25,000 ne suka mutu a Reggio da kuma 65,000 a Messina. Reggio ta rasa kashi 27% na mazaunanta yayin da Messina ta rasa kashi 42%. Minti goma bayan mummunar girgizar ƙasa, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin tserewa ta hanyar gudu zuwa wuraren buɗe ido na bakin teku sun gamu da ambaliyar tsunami mai tsawon mita 10. Raƙuman ruwa guda uku na tsawon mita 6-12 sun mamaye dukkan gabar tekun. Girgizar ƙasa ta Messina ta shekarar 1908 ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin da aka taɓa gani a tarihin yammacin Turai na zamani.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, saboda matsayinta na soja mai mahimmanci, ta fuskanci mummunan hari ta sama kuma Sojojin Burtaniya na Takwas sun yi amfani da shi a matsayin makasudin mamayewa a shekarar 1943, wanda ya kai ga kwace birnin. Bayan yaƙin, Reggio ya murmure sosai. A lokacin 1970–71 birnin ya kasance wurin zanga-zangar jama'a - wanda aka fi sani da Moti di Reggio - don adawa da zaɓen gwamnati na Catanzaro a matsayin babban birnin sabuwar yankin Calabria da aka kafa. [1] Matasan 'yan gurguzu na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Italiya ne suka mamaye wannan bore, tare da goyon bayan 'Ndrangheta, wata ƙungiyar masu aikata laifuka irin ta Mafia da ke Calabria. [2] [3] Zanga-zangar Reggio Calabria ta nuna rashin gamsuwa game da son kai da rashin tsarin masana'antu. A shekarun 1970 da 1980, Reggio ta shafe shekaru ashirin tana ƙara yawan laifukan da 'Ndrangheta' ke aikatawa da kuma lalacewar birane. Garin gida ne ga 'ndrine da yawa, kamar ƙabilun Condello - Imerti da De Stefano - Tegano, waɗanda suka shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe masu zubar da jini a kan juna a wannan lokacin. [4] 'Ndrangheta suna karɓar kuɗin kariya ( pizzo ) daga kowane shago da kasuwanci mai kyau a cikin gari kuma suna da iko fiye da majalisar birni wajen ba da lasisi ga dillalai.

Yanayi

A cewar rarrabuwar yanayi ta Köppen, Reggio Calabria tana da yanayin Bahar Rum na yau da kullun ( Köppen : Csa ). Yanayi a wurin yana da ranaku masu zafi da kuma dare masu sanyi fiye da Messina wadda ke ɗayan gefen mashigar ruwa. Ruwan sama wani babban bambanci ne tun da Messina ta sami kusan 300 millimetres (12 in) fiye da haka.

Climate data for {{{location}}}
Watan	Janairu	Fabrairu	Maris	Afrilu	Mayu	Yuni	Yuli	Ogusta	Satumba	Oktoba	Nuwamba	Disamba	Shekara

Sashen gudanarwa da gwamnatin birni

An raba gundumar Reggio zuwa ƙananan hukumomi 15 ( circoscrizioni ) wanda ya ƙunshi frazioni ('bangarori', galibi ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka) na Catona, Gallico, Archi, Pentimele, Gallina, Mosorrofa ( Greek ), Ortì ( Greek ), Pellaro ( Greek ) da Saracinello. Su ne: Centro Storico (na farko); Pineta Zerbi, Tremulini da Eremo (2nd); Santa Caterina, San Brunello da Vito (3rd); Trabochetto, Condera da Spirito Santo (na hudu); Rione Ferrovieri, Stadio da Gebbione (na biyar); Sbarre (6); San Giorgio, Modena, Scido da San Sperato (7th); Catona, Salice, Rosalì da Villa San Giuseppe (8th); Gallico da Sambatello (na tara); Archi (10); Ortì, Podargoni da Terreti (11); Cannavò, Mosorrofa da Cataforio (12th); Ravagnese, San Gregorio, Croce Valanidi da Trunca (13th); Gallina (14); Pellaro da Bocale (15).

Garuruwa biyu

Reggio di Calabria yana da alaƙa da:

• Patras, Girka
• Athens, Girka, tun daga 2003
• Egaleo, Girka, tun daga shekarar 2004
• Cesana Torinese, Italiya, tun 2006
• San Diego, Amurka, tun daga 1973
• Montesilvano, Italiya, tun 2009
• Birnin Fairfield, Ostiraliya

• Gidan sarauta, wanda aka gina shi tun kafin shekarar 540 AD kuma mutanen Norman suka faɗaɗa shi daga baya kuma mutanen Aragonese suka faɗaɗa shi a shekarar 1459, ya tsage wani ɓangare a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da kuma a shekarar 1923, yanzu haka  gida ne ga nune-nunen fasaha.
• An sake gina cocin Reggio bayan girgizar ƙasa ta Messina ta 1908 .
• Cocin Saint Gaetano Catanoso, a cikin unguwar Spirito Santo. Yana ɗauke da kabarin gilashin waliyyin, a cikin wurin ibada da kuma nunin kayan tarihi.
• An gina Cocin Mafi Kyau a cikin salon Byzantine - Norman, wanda ya ƙunshi kayan fasaha na zamanin da.

Gidajen tarihi, fada da gidajen sinima

• Gidan Tarihi na Nazionale della Magna Grecia (Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Kasa na Magna Grecia), wanda aka keɓe ga Tsohuwar Girka, magajin Gidan Tarihi na Birni na baya (wanda aka ƙirƙira a 1819); an gina gininsa a 1932 tare da aikin Marcello Piacentini a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Babban Jami'in Kula da Archæological Edoardo Galli.
• Villa Genoese-Zerbi wani gida ne na zamani a cikin salon Venetian na ƙarni na 14 ( Neo-Gothic ). Ita ce cibiyar baje kolin Venice Biennale a kudancin Italiya.
• Palazzo Nesci wani babban gida ne da aka gina a salon Neoclassical ; yana ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen ƙarni na 19 da suka tsira daga girgizar ƙasa ta 1908 .
• Gidan Pinacoteca Comunale ("Town Art Gallery") yana aiki ta Antonello da Messina ( Ibrahim Ya Bauta ta Mala'iku da St. Jerome a cikin Penitence ), Mattia Preti, Luca Giordano, Giuseppe Benessai da sauransu.
• Gidan tarihi na Piccolo Museo San Paolo, gidan tarihi mai tarin kayan fasaha na Byzantine da Rasha na zamanin da.