Richard A. Andersen (masanin kimiyyar jijiyoyi)
 Richard A. Andersen (masanin kimiyyar jijiyoyi) | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 27 Oktoba 1950 (75 shekaru) |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
University of California, Davis (en)  University of California, San Francisco (en) 1979) Doctor of Philosophy (en) |
| Thesis director |
Michael Merzenich (en) |
| Dalibin daktanci |
Maneesh Sahani (en) Aaron Batista (en) Stefan Treue (mul) Pietro Mazzoni (en) Chess Stetson (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
neuroscientist (en) |
| Employers |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (en) University of California, San Diego (mul) California Institute of Technology (en) |
| Kyaututtuka | |
| Mamba |
American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) |
Richard Alan Andersen (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1950) ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar jijiyoyi ne na Amurka. Shi ne Farfesa James G. Boswell na Kimiyyar Jijiyoyi a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California da ke Pasadena, California . [1] Bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan ilimin halittar jiki tare da mai da hankali kan binciken fassara ga mutane a fannin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, hanyoyin sadarwa na kwakwalwa da kwamfuta, da kuma gyaran cortical.
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Andersen a New Kensington, Pennsylvania, a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1950. [1] [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">an buƙata ambato</span> ] Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin sinadarai a Jami'ar California, Davis, a shekarar 1973, inda ya yi aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Farfesa Robert Scobey tsawon lokacin bazara biyu. [1] Daga nan Andersen ya sami digirinsa na uku a fannin ilimin halittar jiki a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Farfesa Michael Merzenich daga Jami'ar California, San Francisco, a shekarar 1979. Ya kammala karatun digiri na uku tare da Farfesa Vernon Mountcastle a Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins a shekarar 1981. Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin farfesa kuma farfesa a Cibiyar Salk da ke La Jolla, California da kuma farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Jami'ar California, San Diego, ya koma MIT, da farko a matsayin mataimakin farfesa sannan daga baya a matsayin cikakken farfesa a Sashen Kwakwalwa da Kimiyyar Fahimta. A shekarar 1993 ya koma Caltech don shiga Sashen Ilimin Halitta.
Andersen, marubucin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya sama da 200, memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa da Cibiyar Magunguna ta Makarantun Ƙasa, haka kuma abokin Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka, AAAS da Shirin Bincike kan Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jiki a La Jolla, California, kuma yana da haƙƙin mallaka da dama a fannin fasahar kere-kere. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'i ko mai bincike tare da tallafin kuɗi da dama, inda ya tara miliyoyin daloli don bincike na asali da na amfani a fannin ilimin kimiyyar gani. Andersen ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jiki ta Sloan-Schwartz ta Caltech da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jiki ta McDonnell-Pew ta MIT da kuma yin aiki a kan allunan ba da shawara da edita da yawa. Ya gabatar da laccoci da dama kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a Kwalejin de France .
Kyaututtukan da ya samu sun haɗa da kyautar McKnight Neuroscience Brain Disorders Award, NASA Tech Brief Award, kyautar McKnight Technical Innovation in Neuroscience Award, kyautar Spencer Award daga Kwalejin Likitoci da Likitocin Surgeons ta Columbia da kuma kyautar McKnight Foundation Scholars Award. An zaɓe shi a matsayin Fellow na American Academy of Arts and Sciences a 2002. [2]
Bincike
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Aikin farko ya mayar da hankali kan gano da kuma fayyace filayen riba na cortical, ƙa'idar lissafi mai yawa da wurare da yawa na cortex ke amfani da su. [3] [4] Andersen da Zipser na UCSD sun haɓaka ɗaya daga cikin samfuran hanyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyi na farko na aikin cortical, wanda ya samar da tushen lissafi don gwada hasashe bisa ga binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje. [5] Bincikensa ya tabbatar da cewa cortex na baya (PPC) yana da hannu wajen ƙirƙirar manufofin motsi - shirye-shiryen farko da na ɓoye don motsi. [6] A baya, ana tunanin wannan ɓangaren kwakwalwa kawai yana aiki ne don wayar da kan jama'a game da sararin samaniya da kulawa. Dakin gwaje-gwajensa ya gano yankin intraparietal na gefe (LIP) a cikin PPC kuma ya kafa rawar da yake takawa a cikin motsin ido. [7] Ya kuma gano yankin isa parietal, wani yanki da ke da hannu wajen ƙirƙirar tsare-tsaren isa da wuri. [8] Dakin gwaje-gwajensa ya kuma yi wasu bincike da suka shafi fahimtar motsi na gani. Ya tabbatar da cewa yankin tsakiya na lokaci yana sarrafa fahimtar tsari daga motsi. [9] Ya gano cewa ana ƙididdige fahimtar alkiblar tafiya, mai mahimmanci ga kewayawa, a cikin kwakwalwa ta amfani da abubuwan da ke motsa gani da kuma siginar motsin ido. [10] Dakin gwaje-gwajensa ya kuma ƙayyade yadda ake haɗa siginar matsayin ido da gaɓoɓi don daidaita ido da hannu. [11]
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya faɗaɗa bincikensa zuwa nazarin fassara. Ƙungiyarsa ta tabbatar da cewa siginar niyya daga PPC za a iya amfani da ita azaman siginar sarrafawa ga robar jijiya. Roba na jijiya na iya taimaka wa marasa lafiya da suka shanye ta hanyar yin rikodin siginar kwakwalwarsu, fassara su, sannan kuma su ba su damar amfani da waɗannan siginar da aka sarrafa don sarrafa na'urori na waje, kamar ƙafafun robot, kwamfutoci ko kekunan guragu kawai suna amfani da su ta hanyar tunani game da shi. Wani sabon alkibla da ƙungiyar Andersen ke bi shine amfani da ƙarfafa wutar lantarki don gyaran kwakwalwa.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Davis, Tinsley H. (2008-06-17). "Profile of Richard A. Andersen". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (in Turanci). 105 (24): 8167–8169. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.8167D. doi:10.1073/pnas.0804405105. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2448808. PMID 18550826. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Richard A. Andersen". American Academy of Arts & Sciences (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ↑ "Richard A. Andersen". American Academy of Arts & Sciences (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ↑ Andersen, R. A.; Essick, G. K.; Siegel, R. M. (1985-10-25). "Encoding of spatial location by posterior parietal neurons". Science (in Turanci). 230 (4724): 456–458. Bibcode:1985Sci...230..456A. doi:10.1126/science.4048942. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 4048942.
- ↑ Zipser, David; Andersen, Richard A. (1988). "A back-propagation programmed network that simulates response properties of a subset of posterior parietal neurons". Nature (in Turanci). 331 (6158): 679–684. Bibcode:1988Natur.331..679Z. doi:10.1038/331679a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 3344044. S2CID 4247425.
- ↑ Gnadt, J. W.; Andersen, R. A. (1988-03-01). "Memory related motor planning activity in posterior parietal cortex of macaque". Experimental Brain Research (in Turanci). 70 (1): 216–220. doi:10.1007/BF00271862. ISSN 1432-1106. PMID 3402565. S2CID 8411726.
- ↑ Andersen, R. A.; Asanuma, C.; Cowan, W. M. (1985). "Callosal and prefrontal associational projecting cell populations in area 7A of the macaque monkey: A study using retrogradely transported fluorescent dyes". Journal of Comparative Neurology (in Turanci). 232 (4): 443–455. doi:10.1002/cne.902320403. ISSN 1096-9861. PMID 3980763. S2CID 42128535.
- ↑ Snyder, L. H.; Batista, A. P.; Andersen, R. A. (1997). "Coding of intention in the posterior parietal cortex". Nature (in Turanci). 386 (6621): 167–170. Bibcode:1997Natur.386..167S. doi:10.1038/386167a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 9062187. S2CID 4280303.
- ↑ Bradley, David C.; Chang, Grace C.; Andersen, Richard A. (1998). "Encoding of three-dimensional structure-from-motion by primate area MT neurons". Nature (in Turanci). 392 (6677): 714–717. Bibcode:1998Natur.392..714B. doi:10.1038/33688. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 9565031. S2CID 4361995.
- ↑ Bradley, D. C.; Maxwell, M.; Andersen, R. A.; Banks, M. S.; Shenoy, K. V. (1996-09-13). "Mechanisms of Heading Perception in Primate Visual Cortex". Science. 273 (5281): 1544–1547. Bibcode:1996Sci...273.1544B. doi:10.1126/science.273.5281.1544. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 8703215. S2CID 42751629.
- ↑ Pesaran, Bijan; Nelson, Matthew J.; Andersen, Richard A. (2006-07-06). "Dorsal Premotor Neurons Encode the Relative Position of the Hand, Eye, and Goal during Reach Planning". Neuron (in Turanci). 51 (1): 125–134. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.05.025. ISSN 0896-6273. PMC 3066049. PMID 16815337.