Richard Biyu Elk
| Rayuwa | |
|---|---|
| Haihuwa |
Rapid City (en) |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mazauni | Denver |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | Mai shirin a gidan rediyo da ɗan jarida |
Richard Biyu Elk | |
|---|---|
| Elk Biyu | |
| An haife shi | 1952 (shekaru 72-73) Rapid City, Dakota ta Kudu, Amurka [1] |
| Ƙasar | Indiyawan Amurka |
| Ayyuka | Yakin tsohuwar mai fafutuka na asibiti NCORadio Mai ba da shawara na ilimi Mai ba da labari |
| Shekaru masu aiki | 1973-yanzu |
| Ƙungiya | Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka |
| An san shi da | Lamarin da ya faru a gwiwa |
| Dangi | Aaron Two Elk (ɗan'uwa) [1] Looking Cloud (ɗan'uwan da aka karɓa) [2] (ɗan) [3] Alix (ɗan) [3] |
| Shafin yanar gizo | Kasuwancin Elk Biyu |
Richard Two Elk tsohon sojan Amurka ne, ɗan jarida kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama. Wataƙila an fi saninsa da shiga cikin abin da ya faru a Wounded Knee a cikin shekarun 1970 da kuma kasancewa mai watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo.
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Richard Two Elk a Rapid City, Dakota ta Kudu, kuma ya shafe rayuwarsa yana girma a sassa daban-daban na Amurka. Two Elk ya fito ne kai tsaye daga Oglala Dakota Chief Two Elk.[4][5] Ɗan'uwan Richard, Aaron Two Elk, ya kuma yi aiki a cikin soja a lokacin Vietnam kuma ya kasance shugaban kungiyar da ke Atlanta, American Land Struggles a Atlanta, kuma ya shiga matsayin memba na dogon lokaci na Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka.[6] Wani labari ya nuna cewa Aaron Two Elk ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Maris 1994 bayan ya sha wahala mai tsanani a ranar 4 ga Maris 1999, ya shiga cikin yanayin coma kuma ya kamu da cutar huhu yayin da yake asibiti.[7]
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Aikin Elk guda biyu a rediyon jama'a ya fara ne a cikin 1977 akan shirin rediyo na 'yan asalin Amurka na mako-mako a tashar rediyon Pacifica KPFA -FM a Berkeley, California . Lokacin da ya koma Boulder, Colorado a faɗuwar shekara ta 1978, ya haɗa kai da ɗaliban ƴan asalin ƙasar Amirka don haɓaka shirin rediyo na ɗan asalin Amirka a KGNU -FM. Ya kasance a tashar har zuwa 1983, lokacin da ya shiga aikin sojan Amurka . Elk biyu sun yi aikin soja daga 1983 zuwa 1987 a matsayin jami'in kiwon lafiya mara kwarjini . [8] Bayan yin aiki a cikin soja, Elk Biyu yana da alaƙa da KGNU a kan kullun tun daga 1990, kuma ya karbi bakuncin "WinterCamp Chronicles: Muryar Indiya na Zamanmu" sau ɗaya a wata akan KGNU a cikin shekaru 2 da suka gabata. [3] Elk guda biyu kuma ya kafa nasa Kamfanin Production na Multimedia, OG Productions. [9]
Yunkurin fafutuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Richard Two Elk ya kasance memba na reshen Denver na Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka . Ya kasance memba na kungiyar daga 1970 zuwa 1975, amma ya daina kasancewa memba mai aiki saboda "ba ya jin daɗin amfani da shi kuma".
A wani lokaci a lokacin abin da ya faru na Wounded Knee, Richard Two Elk ya sadu da Mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama Ray Robinson. Kodayake an ayyana Robinson ya mutu bisa doka, inda jikinsa yake har yanzu ba a sani ba.[10] An danganta mutuwar Robinson ga rashin iya bin umarni. Wani memba na AIM Richard Two Elk ya bayyana game da lamarin cewa, "Zan ci abincin da muke da shi. Babu abinci don haka kowa yana ƙoƙarin kada ya ci kuma wannan mutumin yana cin abinci kyauta a kowane lokaci. " Daga mijinta, Cheryl ta yi iƙirarin cewa, "Ray bai amsa da kyau ga wannan jagorancin iko ba. " [11] Richard Two Elm ya kuma yi iƙirar cewa Robinson shine ainihin mai kai hari a cikin lamarin wanda ya kai ga harbe Ray. "Ina tsammanin wani abu ne kawai. Ya yi tsalle kuma yana da wuka kuma ya fara motsawa kuma wani ya amsa. Ya faru a cikin 'yan seconds. Ina tsammanin wani mutum ne ya aikata a tsakiyar wuta. " [12] Two Elk ya kuma yi zargin cewa Dennis Banks, wanda ya kafa American Indian Movement, ya umarci mambobi (ciki har da Richard) hutun Ista, su 'kiyayi' wani fari wanda ake zargi da kasancewa mai ba da labari.[13] An ɗaure White namiji zuwa gicciye a cikin salon gicciye, ya doke mutumin kuma an kai mutumin, ba za a sake ganinsa ba.[13]
Biyu Elk daga baya zai ba da shaida a cikin shari'ar tarayya da ta shafi kisan mai fafutuka Annie Mae Pictou-Aquash . Richard ya ba da shaida game da gaskiyar cewa Arlo Looking Cloud ya tuntube shi a lokacin kaka na shekara ta 1994, yana neman shawara kan yadda za a amsa wa hukumomin da ke binciken kisan, wanda Looking Cloud ta yarda da kasancewa cikin lamarin. Biyu Elk ya nuna cewa ya yi imanin cewa ɗan'uwansa na tallafi yana da hannu a kisan Anna Mae, kuma a cikin shekaru, Looking Cloud kawai "yana aiki ne akan umarni".[14]
An yanke wa Looking Cloud hukunci a kisan Annie Mae Pictou-Aquash a shekara ta 2004. [15]
Biyu Elk daga baya zai buga bidiyon da ake kira "Richard Biyu Elki a kan Wounded Knee da Gaskiya-Hijacked & Blinded: The Stolen Legacy of Wounded Hnee, " inda ya soki wasu dalilai da ayyukan Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka.[16] Ya kasance mai sukar shirin "Wounded Knee" / jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da aka watsa a kan hanyar sadarwar PBS, "We Shall Remain". Ya ambaci ɓangaren 'Wounded knee siege' a matsayin "mai yiwuwa mafi yawan taro a tarihi".[13]
Kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Biyu Elk za su ci gaba da ba da shaida game da abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin da lamarin Wounded Knee ya faru. Zai rubuta gabatarwar littafin, American Indian Mafia: Wani Wakilin FBI na Gaskiya game da Wounded Knee, Leonard Peltier, da Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka, wanda Joseph H. Trimbach da John M. Trimbac suka rubuta, [17] wanda ya zama labarin abubuwan da suka faru da suka kewaye Pine Ridge Indian Reservation da Ƙungiyar Indiyawa ta Amurka a cikin shekarun 1970 daga hangen nesa na tsohon Babban Wakilin FBI.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 "Testimony of Richard Two Elk in the Trial of Arlo Looking Cloud". JFAMR. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ↑ "Russ Means holds press conference on Annie Mae's murder 11-3-99".
- 1 2 3 "Richard Two Elk Host, InDigitNess Voice" Archived 2018-08-21 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Where's Wardo? (Ward Churchill, that is!)". Legend of Pine Ridge. 30 August 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ↑ "No Parole Peltier Association". Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ↑ Coffin, Zachary (13 July 1999). "Aaron Two Elk Protesting Contra Aid at Richard B. Russell Federal Building". The Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ↑ Murphy, Sheridan (13 July 1999). "Florida AIM Mourns Aaron Two Elk's Passing". The People's Path. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ↑ "Interview with Richard Two Elk about Arlo Looking Cloud and AIM". Indian Country News. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ↑ "MULTI-MEDIA PRODUCTION OG Productions". Two Elk Tripod. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ↑ Lammers, Dirk (20 February 2014). "FBI confirms activist Ray Robinson was killed in South Dakota in 1973". The Grio. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- ↑ "FBI confirms black activist was killed during 1973 occupation of Wounded Knee". CBS. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- ↑ Walker, Carson (16 January 2004). "Slain Activist Had Roots In Civil Rights Movement". JFAMR. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- 1 2 3 "Richard Two Elk: "The Stolen Legacy of Wounded Knee"". Legend of Pine Ridge. 9 August 2004. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ↑ "Former AIM activist reveals allegations in Anna Mae Aquash's murder". Dick Shovel. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ↑ Merchant, Nomaan (8 December 2010). "Man testifies at US trial he saw AIM activist shot". Native Times. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ↑ "Richard Two Elk on Wounded Knee and the Truth-Hijacked & Blinded: The Stolen Legacy of Wounded Knee". YouTube. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ↑ "Richard Two Elk's Oral Histories of the American Indian Movement (AIM)". Legend of Pine Ridge. 22 December 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2014.