Richard Dannatt

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(an turo daga Richard Dannatt,)
Richard Dannatt
member of the House of Lords (en) Fassara

19 ga Janairu, 2011 -
Constable of the Tower (en) Fassara

1 ga Augusta, 2009 - 2016
← Roger Wheeler (en) Fassara - Nick Houghton (en) Fassara →
Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom) (en) Fassara

29 ga Augusta, 2006 - 2009
← Michael David Jackson (en) Fassara - David Julian Richards, Baron Richards of Herstmonceux (en) Fassara →
Aide-de-Camp General (en) Fassara

5 ga Yuni, 2006 - 1 Satumba 2009
Commander-in-Chief, Land Forces (en) Fassara

2005 - 23 ga Augusta, 2006
Assistant Chief of the General Staff (en) Fassara

28 ga Afirilu, 2001 - 2002
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Broomfield (en) Fassara, 23 Disamba 1950 (73 shekaru)
ƙasa Birtaniya
Mazauni Keswick (en) Fassara
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama Philippa Dannatt (en) Fassara
Yara
Karatu
Makaranta Durham University (en) Fassara
St Lawrence College (en) Fassara
Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (en) Fassara
Felsted School (en) Fassara
Harsuna Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a hafsa
Kyaututtuka
Aikin soja
Fannin soja British Army (en) Fassara
Digiri general (en) Fassara
lieutenant-general (en) Fassara
Ya faɗaci The Troubles (en) Fassara
Kosovo War (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini Anglicanism (en) Fassara

Janar Francis Richard Dannatt, Baron Dannatt, GCB , CBE , - MC , DL (an haife she a radar 23 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1950) mai ritaya m sojan Birtaniya jami'in da kuma memba na House Iyayengiji . Ya kasance babban hafsan hafsoshin soja (shugaban sojoji) daga shekarar 2006 zuwa 2009.

An ba Dannatt izuwa cikin Green Howards a cikin Shekarar 1971, kuma rangadin aikinsa na farko ya kasance a Belfast a matsayin kwamandan yaƙi. A yayin rangadinsa na biyu na aiki, har ila yau a Arewacin Ireland, an ba Dannatt Kuros ɗin Soja . Bayan wani mummunan rauni a cikin shekarar 1977, Dannatt yayi tunanin barin Soja, amma kwamandan sa (CO) ya ƙarfafa shi ya ci gaba. Bayan Kwalejin Ma'aikata, ya zama kwamandan kamfani kuma daga ƙarshe ya karɓi jagorancin Green Howards a cikin shekarar 1989. Ya halarci sannan kuma ya ba da umarnin Babban Kwalejin da Kwalejin Ma'aikata, bayan haka an ba shi karin girma zuwa birgediya. An ba Dannatt kwamandan runduna ta 4 ta Armored Brigade a 1994 kuma ya umurci sashin Birtaniyya na Imaddamar da (addamarwa (IFOR) a shekara mai zuwa.

Dannatt ya karɓi kwamandan Rukuni na 3 a cikin 1999 kuma a lokaci guda ya ba da umarnin sojojin Burtaniya a Kosovo . Bayan gajeriyar rangadi a Bosniya, an nada shi Mataimakin Babban Hafsan Sojoji (ACGS). Bayan hare-haren 11 ga Satumba 2001, ya tsunduma cikin tsara ayyukan gaba a Gabas ta Tsakiya. A matsayinsa na Kwamandan kungiyar Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC), rawar da ya hau a 2003, Dannatt ya jagoranci hedkwatar ARRC a shirin tura turawa zuwa Iraki da Afghanistan . Kungiyar ta ARRC ta yi aiki a Afghanistan a 2005, amma a wannan lokacin Dannatt ya kasance Babban-Kwamanda, Kwamandan Kasa - kwamandan rundunar Birtaniyya yau da kullun. Ya kasance mai alhakin aiwatar da rikice-rikicen sake tsara fasalin sojojin wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da mulkinsa, Green Howards, aka haɗu a cikin imentungiyar Yorkshire .

An nada Dannatt Babban hafsan hafsoshi (CGS) a watan Agusta shekarar 2006, wanda ya gaji Janar Sir Mike Jackson . Dannatt ya gamu da cece-kuce game da fito na fito da shi, musamman kiraye-kirayensa na inganta albashi da yanayin sojoji da kuma rage ayyukan da ake yi a Iraki don inganta mutanen da ke Afghanistan. Ya kuma yunkuro don kokarin kara martabarsa a bainar jama'a, yana cikin damuwa cewa ba za a iya gane shi sosai ba a lokacin da ya kare martabar Sojoji game da zargin cin zarafin fursunoni a Iraki . Daga baya ya taimaka tare da kirkirar Taimako ga Jarumai don samar da wurin yin iyo a Kotun Headley kuma, daga baya a lokacinsa, ya kulla yarjejeniya da manema labarai na Burtaniya wanda ya ba Yarima Harry damar yin aiki a Afghanistan. Sir David Richards ne ya gaje shi a matsayin CGS kuma ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2009, inda ya karɓi matsayin girmamawa na ablean sanda na Hasumiyar London, wanda ya riƙe har zuwa watan Yunin shekarar 2016.

Richard Dannatt

Tsakanin watan Nuwamba shekarar 2009 da babban zaɓen Birtaniyya a cikin Mayu 2010, Dannatt ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na tsaro ga shugaban Jam'iyyar Conservative David Cameron . Dannatt ya yi murabus lokacin da jam'iyyar Cameron ta kafa gwamnatin hadin gwiwa tare da Liberal Democrats bayan zaben ya samar da majalisar da aka rataye, yana mai cewa Firayim Ministan ya kamata ya dogara da farko da shawarar shugabannin aiyuka masu ci. Dannatt ya wallafa tarihin rayuwa a cikin 2010 kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa tare da wasu kungiyoyin agaji da kungiyoyi masu alaka da sojojin. Ya yi aure tare da yara huɗu, ɗayan ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'i a cikin Grenadier Guards .

Rayuwar farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dannatt, ɗan Anthony da Maryamu ( née Chilvers), an haife su ne a gida a Broomfield - yanzu wata unguwa ce ta Chelmsford —in Essex . Mahaifinsa da kakansa gine-gine ne, suna aiki ne daga wata kwalliya a Chelmsford, kuma mahaifiyarsa malama ce ta ɗan lokaci a Kwalejin Baibul na Landan . Yana da yaya mace dattijuwa wacce ta mutu daga cutar kansa a Shekarar 1988. Dannatt ya sami tasirin gaske daga kakannin mahaifinsa, manomi dan Victoria da Kiristanci masu ibada waɗanda suka tsara tsarin magudanar ruwa . [1]

Richard Dannatt

An tura Dannatt da 'yar uwarsa zuwa makarantun kwana daban. Ya halarci Felsted Junior School, inda ya sami burin zama ƙwararren mai wasan ƙwallo . Don karatunsa na sakandare, an tura shi zuwa Kwalejin St. Lawrence da ke Ramsgate, Kent, inda ya shiga cikin Combined Cadet Force (CCF) kuma daga karshe ya koma babban jami’i. Yayinda yake makaranta, ya nuna rashin son sunansa na farko, Francis, bayan an yi kuskure da na yarinya kuma an gayyace shi zuwa bikin maulidi wanda shi kaɗai ne yaro. Daga ƙarshe ya canza zuwa sunansa na tsakiya, Richard, lokacin da yake ɗan shekara goma sha biyar. A lokacin yana son zama lauya, Dannatt ya nemi karatun lauya a Kwalejin Emmanuel, Cambridge amma aka ki amincewa bayan wata hira, a lokacin ne burinsa ya koma aikin soja. [1]

Farkon aikin soja[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Richard Dannatt

Bayan da farko ya kasance yana da sha'awar rundunar tanki, an yi hira da Dannatt a Kwamitin Kwamitin Tsaro (wanda daga baya aka sauya masa suna zuwa Hukumar Zabe ta Soja) daga wani jami'in daga Green Howards, wanda ya lallashe shi ya yi la’akari da dakaru kuma ya shirya ziyarar barikin da ke kusa Colchester. A can ya haɗu da Peter Inge, sannan babban jami'i, kuma Dannatt ya fara shirin shiga Green Howards. [2] Ya shiga Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst a watan Satumba Shekarar 1969 kuma an ba shi izini a cikin Green Howards a matsayin mai mukamin na biyu a ranar 30 ga watan ga Yulin 1971. [3] Bayan ɗan gajeren hutu, an aika shi zuwa Belfast, Arewacin Ireland, a matsayin kwamandan platoon . [4] Bayan kammala rangadin, Dannatt ya koma yankin Burtaniya don ɗaukar kwas na kwamandoji, bayan haka ya koma Green Howards a barikinsu da ke Yammacin Jamus . Shi da platoon nasa sun dawo Belfast a ƙarshen 1972. [5] Don nuna farin ciki a kan aikin da aka fara harbin sa a Gabas ta Belfast a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 1972, daga baya aka ba shi Giciyen Soja . [6] Tallarsa ta farko ita ce ta mukamin Laftana a ranar 30 ga Janairun 1973. [7] Bayan kammala rangadinsa a Arewacin Ireland, Dannatt ya nemi yin digiri na "in-service" - digiri a jami'ar farar hula da Sojoji ke ɗaukar nauyi-a Kwalejin Hatfield, Jami'ar Durham . An yarda da shi, kuma ya fara nazarin tarihin tattalin arziki daga baya a cikin 1973. A lokacin shekarar sa ta farko a jami'a, Dannatt ya halarci muhawara a Kwalejin Trinity, Dublin -wata dama ce da ba kasafai ake samu ba ga wani jami'in Burtaniya da ke aiki a tsayin The Troubles . [8] A cikin 1974 ya shiga tara kudi don wata karamar mota wacce aka kera ta musamman da za a samar wa wani dalibi nakasasshe, Sue Foster, wanda ya hada da cin abincin sadaka da aka yi a kwalejoji daban-daban da kuma daukar nauyin tafiya zuwa yankin Scotch Corner da baya.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsari don digirin "in-service", an bukaci Dannatt ya koma Green Howards yayin hutun bazara. [8] A duka lokacin bazarar, rundunar tana aiki ne a Arewacin Ireland - a Armagh a 1974 da Kudu Armagh a 1975. A lokacin yawon shakatawa ne na 1975 cewa Dannatt ya shiga cikin aikin lalata wata fashewar nakiya. Na'urar ta makale ne, kuma yunƙurin kashe shi ya haifar da fashewarta. Dannatt ba shi da rauni amma sojoji hudu, gami da kwamandan kamfanin Dannatt - Manjo Peter Willis - aka kashe. Jim kaɗan bayan haka, Dannatt ya kame wani mutum dangane da lamarin kuma daga baya ya ba da shaida a kansa a kotu. [9] Dannatt ya kammala karatu a cikin shekarar 1976 kuma, ya sake haɗuwa da rundunarsa, an tura shi zuwa Berlin. [10] An nada shi bataliyar da ke makwaftaka [11] sannan aka ba shi mukamin kaftin a watan Yunin shekarar 1977. [12] A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 1977, Dannatt, a lokacin yana ɗan shekara 26 kawai, ya kamu da cutar bugun jini kuma ya shafe yawancin shekaru biyu masu zuwa yana murmurewa, amma an ba shi izinin komawa bakin aiki a 1978. An aika shi zuwa Arewacin Ireland, tare da matar sa, [13] wacce ta haifi ɗa na farko a ma'auratan a cikin Asibitin Yankin Craigavon 'yan makonni kaɗan a cikin rangadin. [14]

Richard Dannatt

Dannatt ya bar Arewacin Ireland a gaba da sauran bataliyar kuma an tura shi zuwa Royal Military Academy Sandhurst a Surrey, sannan a ƙarƙashin umarnin Manjo Janar (daga baya Janar Sir) Rupert Smith, kuma yana sa ran wannan zai zama aikawarsa ta ƙarshe a cikin hasken bugun sa. Ya nemi aiki da dama a wajen Sojoji amma, bayan karfafawar Smith, ya zauna jarabawar shiga Kwalejin Ma’aikata, Camberley, kuma a Surrey. Ya ci jarrabawar shiga kuma ya ƙi ba da aikin farar hula guda biyu don karɓar wurinsa. Kafin Camberley, a ƙarshen 1980, an tura Dannatt zuwa Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire, a matsayin kwamandan kamfanin . [15] A farkon 1981, kamfaninsa ya karɓi ragamar HM Prison Frankland a lokacin yajin aikin da jami'an gidan yarin suka yi na wata guda. [16] Jim kaɗan bayan ƙarshen yajin aikin, an tura shi zuwa Cyprus tare da rundunar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kafin ya koma Surrey don fara Dokar Horas da Ma’aikata ta shekara ɗaya a Camberley. [17] Bayan ya kammala karatun, ya sami karin girma zuwa 30 ga Watan Satumba 1982, [18] kuma ya naɗa shugaban hafsoshin sojoji zuwa na 20 Armored Brigade, da ke Jamhuriyar Yammacin Jamus . [19]

Bayan shekaru biyu a matsayin shugaban ma'aikata, Dannatt ya koma Green Howards, sannan kuma yana zaune a Yammacin Jamus, don ba da umarnin wani kamfani a karo na biyu a aikinsa. An tura shi zuwa Arewacin Ireland na tsawon watanni shida a cikin 1985, yawon shakatawa na biyar a lardin, kodayake ya fi natsuwa fiye da rangadin da ya gabata. An nada shi Mataimakin Soja ga karamin Ministan Sojoji a 1986, mukaminsa na farko a Ma'aikatar Tsaro (MoD) a Landan. [20] Wanda aka gabatar dashi ga Laftanar kanar a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1987, [21] Dannatt ya kwashe shekaru uku a MoD, a cikin rawar da ya bayyana a matsayin "dinke baraka" tsakanin sojoji da 'yan siyasa, wadanda akasarinsu ba su da kwarewa ta farko a bangaren makamai sojojin. A karshen aikinsa, ya kasance tare da Field Marshal Sir Nigel Bagnall 's Koyarwar Soja ta Burtaniya a matakin karshe kamar yadda aka gabatar don amincewar minista. [22] The Green Howards sun yi bikin cika shekaru 300 a 1988 kuma Dannatt ya karɓi ragamar mulkin a 1989. Ya kasance alhakin overseeing ta mika mulki cikin wani airmobile rawa, forming wani ɓangare na 24th Airmobile Brigade . Ya yi hidimar tafiya ta shida kuma ta ƙarshe a Arewacin Ireland a 1991 lokacin da aka tura Green Howards zuwa Kudu Armagh na wata ɗaya. [23]

Da yake komawa Kwalejin Ma’aikata, Camberley, Dannatt ya ɗauki Babban Ma’aikaci da Horas da Ma’aikata (HCSC), bayan haka ya sami ci gaba zuwa kanar a ranar 31 ga Disambar 1991, wanda ya koma zuwa 30 ga Yuni 1991, [24] kuma aka ɗora masa alhakin gudanar da aikin. HCSC, kazalika da sabunta Koyarwar Soja ta Burtaniya a ƙarshen ƙarshen Yakin Cacar Baki. [25] Ya kuma tsara shirin yakin neman zabe ga Laftanar Janar (daga baya Janar Sir) Mike Rose na kwamandan Rundunar Kare Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNPROFOR) a cikin yankin Balkans. [26] An inganta Dannatt zuwa Birgediya a ranar 31 ga Disambar 1993, wanda ya koma 30 ga Yuni 1993, [27] kuma ya karbi ragamar runduna ta 4 ta Armored Brigade, da ke Jamusawa. [28] Ya shafe 1994 yana ba da umarni ga brigade da kuma kula da horo kuma, a cikin 1995, an tura shi zuwa Bosniya tare da ma'aikatan hedkwatar sa, ya bar sauran rundunonin a cikin Jamus kuma ya ɗauki jagorancin rundunoni daban daban da aka riga aka tura a Bosnia. [29] Ya umarci Sashin Kudu maso Yammacin UNPROFOR, wanda ya kunshi dakaru daga kasashe da yawa, yayin da kuma yake a matsayin Kwamandan Sojojin Birtaniyya (COMBRITFOR), wanda ke da alhakin kula da ayyukan dukkan sojojin Burtaniya a Bosnia. [30] Bayan sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Dayton a watan Nuwamba 1995, UNPROFOR ya zama Imarfin Aiwatar da NATOungiyar NATO kuma Danungiyar Dannatt ta kasance cikin rukunin ƙasashe da yawa wanda Mike Jackson ya umarta. [31] Daga baya an nada Dannatt a matsayin Kwamandan Umarni na Masarautar Burtaniya (CBE) don hidimarsa a cikin yankin Balkans. [32] Da yake ba da David Brighards Brigade na 4, sai aka nada Dannatt Darakta, Jami'in Shirye-shiryen Tsaro a MoD a 1996 kuma shi ke da alhakin wani bangare na aiwatar da Dabarun Tsaro na Tsare-tsare, wanda gwamnatin Labour ta samar wanda ya hau mulki a Shekarar 1997. [33]

Babban umarni[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayan shekaru uku a MoD, Dannatt ya sami matsayin babban hafsa tare da ci gaba zuwa babban janar, kuma ya karɓi jagorancin runduna ta 3 ta Mechanized Division a watan Janairun Shekarar 1999. [34] Daga baya a cikin shekarar, yiwuwar shiga tsakani na NATO a cikin yakin Kosovo ya zama mai yiwuwa, kuma Dannatt da mukarrabansa sun fara shirin mamaye yankin. A cikin taron, Slobodan Milošević ya amince da janye sojojin Serbian – Yugoslav daga Kosovo, wanda za'ayi amfani da su Mike Jackson ya tattauna. An yanke shawara, saboda yawan sojojin Burtaniya da ke aiki a matsayin wani bangare na rundunar Kosovo Force (KFOR), cewa hedkwatar runduna ta 3 za ta tura don kula da ayyukan Burtaniya, tare da Dannatt a matsayin COMBRITFOR. [35] Ba da daɗewa ba bayan isowar Dannatt, wani rukuni mai sulke na Rasha ya shiga Kosovo kuma ya karɓi ikon Filin jirgin saman Pristina . Wesley Clark, Babban Kwamandan Kungiyar Kawancen Tsaro ta Turai, daga baya ya umarci Jackson, kwamandan KFOR, da ya toshe hanyoyin sauka da tashin jiragen sama da hana Rasha tashi a cikin karin karfi. Maganar daga baya ta zama mai zafi amma Dannatt, a matsayin COMBRITFOR, an ba da umarnin veto amfani da sojojin Birtaniyya - da aka sani a NATO a matsayin "jan kati", da aka bai wa kowane kwamandan rundunar da ke aiki - don kowane irin aiki. [36] Daga baya aka ba shi yabo na Sarauniya don Valaukakkun Sabis saboda halin da ya yi a Kosovo. [37]

Dannatt (daga dama zuwa dama) tare da James Dugdale, Baron Crathorne na biyu, Lord Lieutenant na North Yorkshire; sannan-Manjo Janar Nick Houghton ; da Yarima Andrew, Duke na York (hagu)

Komawa zuwa Runduna ta 3, Dannatt ya shirya atisaye guda biyu a theungiyar Sojojin Burtaniya ta Suffield a Kanada. Na farko shi ne, a lokacin, atisaye mafi girma da Sojoji suka yi tun ƙarshen Yaƙin Cacar Baki; na biyu kawai ya faru bayan aikin Dannatt a matsayin kwamanda ya ƙare. [38] Dannatt ya shaida matsayin gwani shaida a shari'ar Radislav Krstić dangane da Srebrenica kisan kiyashin, jim kadan bayan da ya aka posted a Bosnia, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin kwamanda na kungiyar tsaro ta NATO ta shimfida zaman lafiya Force a 2000. [39] Yawon shakatawa, wanda aka tsara zai ɗauki tsawon shekara guda an katse shi lokacin da Sir Michael Willcocks ya yi ritaya da wuri daga Soja don zama Black Rod . Sakamakon canje-canje da ma'aikata suka samu don cike gurbin ya nuna cewa an nada Dannatt Mataimakin Babban Hafsan Janar (ACGS) a watan Afrilu 2001. [40] [41] A watan Satumbar 2001, yana cikin ziyarar sojojin Ingila a Cyprus kuma ya kalli abin da ya biyo bayan harin na 11 ga Satumba a talabijin. [42] A matsayinsa na ACGS, ya kasance yana da hannu dumu-dumu wajen tsara yadda sojoji za su ci gaba a Afghanistan da Iraki daga baya, tare da tsayawa ga Shugaban Janar Janar (sannan Michael Walker ) lokacin da Walker bai samu ba. Dannatt ya gaji ACGS ne daga David Richards, wanda ya ba shi ragamar runduna ta 4 ta Armored Brigade a shekarar 1996 kuma daga baya ya gaje shi Dannatt a matsayin Shugaban Janar Janar. [43]

An nada Dannatt Kwamanda, Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (COMARRC) a ranar 16 ga Janairun Shekarar 2003 kuma aka ba shi mukamin Laftanar janar a wannan ranar. [44] A lokacin mulkinsa, galibi ya damu da tsara yadda za'a tura ARRC a Iraq da Afghanistan. A ƙarshe aka tura shi Afghanistan, amma har sai bayan da Dannatt ya ba da umarninsa ga David Richards. [45] Dannatt ya kware tare da jarinsa a matsayin Babban Kwamandan Kwamandan Bath (KCB) a watan Yunin 2004. [46] Ya gaji Sir Timothy Granville-Chapman a matsayin Babban-kwamanda, Kwamandan Kasa (CINCLAND) - wanda ba shi da alhakin tafiyar da harkokin yau da kullun na soja - a ranar 7 ga Maris 2005, kuma an ba shi mukamin cikakken janar a wannan ranar. [47] Batun da ya mamaye lokacin da yake Kwamandan-Babban-hafsan shi ne sake tsara rundunar sojoji, wani lamari mai tayar da hankali saboda hakan ya haifar da asarar sunaye da yawa na tarihi, gami da na Dannatt, Green Howards, wanda ya zama Bataliya ta 2, Yankin Yorkshire (Green Howards). [48] Koyaya, lokacinsa ya kuma yi daidai da ƙaruwa da ƙarfi na aiki a lokaci ɗaya a Iraki da Afghanistan, kuma Dannatt ya kafa ra'ayin cewa fifikon kashe kuɗi na gwamnati bai yi daidai da alƙawarin da Armedungiyar Sojojin Burtaniya ta yi a lokacin ba. [49]

Shugaban hafsan soji[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dannatt (a cikin kayan ɗamara mai duwatsu) kamar CGS a taron faretin Sojojin Sama a Southend, Essex

Bayan ritayar Sir Mike Jackson, an nada Dannatt Babban hafsan hafsoshi (CGS) - kwararren shugaban Sojan Burtaniya a ranar 29 ga Watan Agusta Shekarar 2006. [50] Ya damu da cewa kafa ofungiyar Sojojin Birtaniyya ya nuna cewa sojoji suna daina amincewa da janar-janar don neman shawara a madadinsu, aikinsa na farko a matsayin CGS shi ne ya rubuta doguwar wasiƙa ga Sakataren Harkokin Tsaro, Des Browne, wanda ya kwafa babban ma'aikacin gwamnati na MoD, Bill Jeffrey ; Air Chief Marshal Sir Jock Stirrup, Babban hafsan hafsoshin tsaro (CDS); kuma zuwa ga Tekun Farko na Ubangiji da Babban hafsan hafsoshin sama - lambobinsa masu akasin haka a cikin Royal Navy da Royal Air Force bi da bi. A cikin wasikar, ya tabbatar da ra'ayinsa cewa Sojoji sun fi karfin aiki ta hanyar aiki a Iraki da Afghanistan kuma cewa kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, kamar jirage masu saukar ungulu, babu su ko kuma basu da inganci kuma sun tsufa, kamar kwace Land Rover . Ya kuma nuna damuwa game da matsugunin da aka tanadar wa sojoji a gida da kuma albashin sojoji. A karshen mako mai zuwa, ya yi balaguro zuwa Afghanistan a ziyarar aiki ta farko kamar CGS. [51] Ya sadu da Des Browne da kansa a karon farko kwana biyu bayan ya zama CGS kuma daga baya ya yarda da matsalolin da sakatarorin tsaro ke fuskanta a cikin ɗan lokacin da za su shirya don rawar. [52]

Daga baya a lokacin da yake aiki a matsayin CGS, Dannatt ya damu da cewa martabarsa ta jama'a ba ta isa ta yadda za a saurare shi a wajen Sojoji ba, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa game da kotunan sojoji da ake zargin suna da hannu a mutuwar Baha Musa . Kamar haka, ya karɓi gayyatar zuwa ga ganawa ta yau da kullun na jami'ai da 'yan jarida a Cavalry da Guards Club a cikin Satumba 2006. A yayin taron, ya tattauna da manema labarai game da kashe kudade gaba daya da kuma karin albashin sojoji. Abin ya ba shi mamaki, kuma sakamakon matsin lamba da kafofin yada labarai suka yi, an ba da sanarwar kyautatawa ga sojojin da suka yi watanni shida suna rangadi a kasashen Iraki da Afghanistan bayan wata daya. [53] Dannatt ya bayyana a cikin kanun labarai a watan Oktoba na shekarar 2006 lokacin da yake yin wata hira da Sarah Sands na jaridar Daily Mail inda ya nuna cewa cire sojoji daga Iraki ya zama dole domin baiwa Sojoji damar mayar da hankali kan Afghanistan, kuma ya kamata sojoji da suka ji rauni su murmure. a cikin yanayin soja maimakon asibitocin farar hula. Kalaman nasa sun sami goyon bayan 'yan jarida da dama da kuma jami'ai da suka yi ritaya, duk da cewa wasu sun yi amannar cewa Dannatt ya yi ba daidai ba kuma suka yi kira da ya yi murabus, yayin da Simon Jenkins na The Times ya kira maganganun Dannatt "ko dai ya yi ƙarfin hali ko kuma ya yi butulci gaba ɗaya".

Dannatt ya ci gaba da jagorantar taron masu ba da jin dadi ga jami'an soji domin nuna cewa Sojojin sun fahimci batutuwan da suka shafi dakarunta da kuma shirya jerin kananan taruka, wanda shi da Sir Freddie Viggers suka shirya - sannan Adjutant-General to the Forces - don tattauna batutuwan jin daɗi tare da kwamandoji a faɗin Burtaniya. [54] A shekarar 2007, Dannatt da matarsa, Pippa, sun ziyarci Kotun Headley, wata cibiyar kula da lafiyar masu rauni na MoD, inda babban kwamandan ya sanar da Dannatts bukatar sa ta wurin ninkaya, amma ya yarda cewa da wuya ya samu tallafin gwamnati. Wani lokaci daga baya, Sarah-Jane Shirreff — matar Sir Richard Shirreff — ta gabatar da Dannatts ga Bryn da Emma Parry - kuma Dannatts sun taimaka wa Parrys tare da kafa Taimako ga Jarumai, wanda aka kafa tare da takamaiman manufar ba da gudummawar kudin iyo waha a Kotun Headley. Da farko Dannatt ya damu cewa burin sadaka miliyan £ 2 mai yiwuwa ya gagara, amma daga ƙarshe ya sami isassun kuɗi don gina duka wurin wanka da gidan motsa jiki, waɗanda aka buɗe a shekara ta 2010. [55] Shi da Pippa daga baya sun taimaka duka Taimako Ga Jarumai da SSAFA Forces Taimako a kokarin gina gidaje don saukar da iyalan wadanda suka jikkata a Kotun Headley da Royal Center for Defence Medicine a Birmingham, sakamakon wahalolin da dangin George Cross suka samu. Peter Norton . [56]

Wani babban fifiko na Dannatt shi ne magance fahimtar ayyukan Birtaniyya a Iraki da Afghanistan, saboda ya damu da kafofin watsa labarai kuma jama'ar Birtaniyya ba su san dalili ko ƙarfin ayyukan ba. Rashin jin dadin shi ta hanyar karin maganganu marasa kyau, ya katse hutun dangi a Cornwall don tashi zuwa Afghanistan a kokarin canza yanayin ta hanyar jerin hirarraki. A yayin ziyarar, ya sami damar ganawa da dansa, Bertie, wanda ke aiki a kasar tare da Grenadier Guards . [57] Daga baya a cikin Shekarar 2007, Dannatt ya gabatar da wannan batun a cikin lacca ga Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Internationalasa ta Duniya da ke London. [58] A farkon wannan shekarar, Dannatt ya yanke shawarar ƙin barin Yarima Harry ya yi aiki a Iraki. Koyaya, bayan Dannatt ya sasanta da jaridun Burtaniya, Harry ya sami damar yin aiki a Afghanistan tsawon watanni uku a ƙarshen shekarar 2007 da farkon shekarar 2008 har sai labarin ya ɓarke kuma an umurce shi ya koma gida. [59]

A cikin shekarar 2008, a jawabin farko da wani CGS ya yi, Dannatt ya yi jawabi a taron hadin gwiwa na hudu da Sojoji suka shirya kan 'Yan Madigo, Gay, Bisexual da Transsexual Matters, yana mai cewa' yan luwadi maraba da yin aikin Soja.

An daga Dannatt daga Knight Commander zuwa Knight Grand Cross na Order of Bath (GCB) a cikin jerin sunayen girmamawa na Sabuwar Shekarar 2008 zuwa 2009 . [60] Matsayinsa a matsayin CGS ya kare a watan Agusta Shekarar 2008 kuma Sir David Richards ne ya gaje shi a karshe. [61] Gwamnati ta dauki matakin da ba a saba ba don kara wa'adin Air Chief Marshal Sir Jock Stirrup a matsayin CDS, maimakon tallata daya daga cikin shugabannin hafsoshin mai barin gado. Don haka dukkan su ukun, gami da Dannatt, sun yi ritaya, a yayin da ake ikirarin cewa Firaminista Gordon Brown ne da kansa ya yi fatali da damar da Dannatt ke samu zuwa CDS Ayyukansa na ƙarshe a matsayin CGS shine zaɓi Nick Houghton don zama Mataimakin Shugaban Babban Jami'in Tsaro na gaba . [62]

Lakabi na girmamawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An nada Dannatt Kanal, The Green Howards a ranar 1 ga Watan Disamba Shekarar 1994, wanda ya gaji Field Marshal Sir Peter Inge . [63] Shi kuma Brigadier John Powell ya sami sauki a watan Mayu Shekarar 2003. [64] Dannatt ya gaji Sir Christopher Wallace a matsayin Mataimakin Kwamandan Kanar na Janar Adjutant General a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1999, [65] rike da mukamin har zuwa 17 ga Yuni 2005, lokacin da Manjo Janar Bill Rollo ya sami sauki. [66] An nada shi Kanal Kwamanda na Sashin Sarki, a bayan Sir Scott Grant, a ranar 1 ga Watan Yulin Shekarar 2001. [67] Ya bar taken a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2005 ga ɗan'uwansa Green Howard, Laftanar Janar (daga baya Janar Sir) Nick Houghton. [68]

Tsakanin nade-naden a 2002, Dannatt ya yi makonni shida a Makarantar Sojan Sama a Sojan Sama na Unguwar Middle Wallop, inda aka horar da shi a matsayin matukin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu domin cika aikinsa a matsayin Kanar Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Sama (AAC), wanda an nada shi a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2004, ya gaji Michael Walker; [69] [70] Hakanan a bayan Walker, an nada shi Aide de Camp General (ADC Gen) ga Sarauniya Elizabeth II a ranar 5 ga Watan Yuni Shekarar 2006. [71] Manjo Janar Adrian Bradshaw ne ya gaje shi a mukaminsa tare da AAC a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2009, [72] kuma ya bar nadin ADC Gen a ranar 1 ga Watan Satumba Shekarar 2009. [73]

Ritaya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dannatt a cikin cikakkun kayan bikin na ofan sanda na Hasumiyar a cikin 2010

An sanar da shi a watan Fabrairun shekarar 2009 cewa, bayan ya yi ritaya, za a sanya Dannatt a matsayin ablean sanda na 159 na Hasumiyar London . Wa'adin wanda ke kan karagar mulki, Janar Sir Roger Wheeler, shi ma tsohon CGS, ya kare ne a ranar 31 ga Yuli kuma Dannatt ya zama dan sanda a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2009. [74] Constan sanda ya kasance babban jami'i a Hasumiyar London tun ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya. A yau, rawar ita ce ta al'ada, kuma ana ba da ita ga marshals ɗin filin ko janar-janar da suka yi ritaya waɗanda yawanci sukan yi aiki na shekaru biyar. Bayan ritayarsa, an nada Dannatt ya zama Mataimakin Laftanar na Babban Landan a ranar 30 ga Yunin 2010 [75] da na Norfolk a ranar 19 ga Maris 2012. [76]

Bayan barin ofis a matsayin CGS, Dannatt ya yi ritaya daga aikin Soja, amma ta hanyar fasaha ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai aiki har zuwa Nuwamba 2009. Jim kaɗan bayan barin ofishinsa, David Cameron, shugaban wancan lokacin na Jam'iyyar Conservatives kuma Shugaban adawa, ya je wurin Dannatt. Cameron ya gayyaci Dannatt ya zama mai ba da shawara na tsaro ga Shadow Cabinet da zarar ya yi ritaya a hukumance daga Soja kuma ba zai sake bin Dokokin Sarauniya ba, wanda ke ba da izinin tsaka-tsaki siyasa a cikin sojojin. Kodayake baƙon abu ne ga tsohon hafsan hafsoshi ya haɗa kai da ƙungiyar siyasa ɗaya, Dannatt ya karɓi matsayin bisa ƙa'ida. [77] Lokacin yanke shawara, wanda ya fito fili a cikin watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2009 - a cikin watanni biyu na aikin da Dannatt ya yi na ritaya mai inganci - ya jawo cece-kuce, tare da wasu tsoffin ministoci da ma'aikatan gwamnati da ke ba da shawarar cewa mai yiwuwa ya kawo rashin daidaito na sojojin. Ya shawarci Cameron da inuwarsa ta minista har sai ya yi murabus, jim kadan bayan babban zaben shekara ta 2010, yana mai cewa Cameron, a lokacin firaminista na wancan lokacin, ya kamata ya koma kan manyan hafsoshin da ke kan karagar mulki don neman shawarar tsaro tare da nuna rashin sha'awar zama mashawarci na musamman .

Majalisar na Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), a siyasance m tunani tank sadaukar da tsaro da al'amurran da suka shafi, zabe Dannatt matsayin institute ta shugaban a watan Yuni 2009. Ya fara nadin ne a ranar 1 ga Satumbar 2009, amma ya yi murabus a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar bayan sanarwar cewa shi zai zama mai ba da shawara ga David Cameron, yana mai imanin cewa murabus din nasa ya zama dole ga RUSI ta ci gaba da tsaka tsaki a siyasance. Daga karshe tsohon Sakataren Tsaro John Hutton, Baron Hutton na Furness ne ya gaje shi.

Dannatt ya rubuta tarihin rayuwarsa, mai taken Leading from the Front, wanda kamfanin Bantam Press ya buga a shekarar 2010. A cikin littafin, ya soki gwamnatin Labour da ta jagoranci Burtaniya daga shekarar 1997 zuwa shekara ta 2010 da kuma Gordon Brown, Chancellor of the Exchequer kuma daga baya Firayim Minista, musamman, yana zarginsa da "kutse mara kyau" kuma, yayin da shugabar gwamnati, ta ƙi don tallafawa manufofin tsaron Tony Blair. Ya kuma soki Tony Blair game da barin Brown ya mallake shi yadda ya kamata sannan ya ce game da Air Chief Marshal Sir Jock Stirrup, sannan CDS, cewa "duk da cewa yana da hazaka a abin da ya yi, ba za a iya tsammanin ya fahimci abubuwan gani ba, sauti da ƙanshin filin yaƙi ". Jaridar Daily Telegraph ta kira littafin "mummunan zargi game da yadda New Labour, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci babban kwamandan sojoji, suka kasa jagorantar yadda ya kamata, ba da tallafi da kuma samar da kayan aiki ga rundunonin soji don yake-yake a Iraki da Afghanistan".

A watan Yulin Shekarar 2010, Dannatt ya ba da shaida ga binciken Iraki, yana mai da hankali kan rawar da ya taka a matsayin ACGS a 2002. Ya bayyana rashin yarda da farko don aikata Sojojin kuma ya bayyana cewa shirin ya kasance don ƙaddamar da ƙasa kaɗan da kuma samar da jiragen ruwa da jiragen sama na sama ga Amurka. Ya kuma maimaita maganganun da ya gabatar a baya cewa sojoji sun fi karfin aiki a lokaci guda a Iraki da Afghanistan a shekarar 2006 kuma ya sake bayyana ra'ayinsa cewa Afghanistan ta fi muhimmanci ga bukatun Burtaniya. Shaidun Dannatt sun biyo bayan wanda ya gada a matsayin CGS, Janar Sir Mike Jackson.

Ubangiji Dannatt yana magana a wani taron a Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka, London a watan Oktoba 2018

David Cameron ne ya zabi Dannatt don taka-leda a rayuwa yayin da Cameron yake Jagoran adawa . Duk da cewa an tsayar da shi don tattaunawa a siyasance a kan bencin Jam'iyyar Conservative, amma ya zaɓi zama a matsayin mai gicciye kuma an ba shi suna kamar Baron Dannatt a watan Nuwamba shekarar 2010.

A cikin Watan Oktoba Shekarar 2012, The Times ta gudanar da bincike a asirce game da ayyukan danniya na Dannat. A cewar Guardian, Dannatt ya ba da shawarar zauren Bernard Gray, wanda a lokacin shi ne Shugaban Tsaro Materiel . An ruwaito Dannatt yana cewa ya kirkiro wurin zama ne a wata liyafar cin abinci tare da sabon sakataren din-din-din na Ma’aikatar Tsaro, Jon Thompson, don taimaka wa wani kamfanin, Capita Symonds, wanda ke neman kwangilar kula da gidajen MoD. A cewar jaridar Independent, Dannatt ya amince da cewa ya bayar da gudummawa wajen saukaka tattaunawa, amma ya bayyana cewa ya yi watsi da tayin na £ 8,000 a kowane wata don yin shiga a madadin kungiyar kuma cewa ba shi da "son zuciya" na saba wa dokoki kan yin kira, kuma za su ɗauki kowane irin iƙirarin a matsayin "mummunan ɓatanci".

A watan Yuni Shekarar 2016, ya ba da matsayinsa na Hasumiyar London bisa ga matsayin Mataimakin Gwamna kuma Sir Nick Houghton ya gaje shi a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2016. Har ila yau, a cikin shekarar 2016, littafinsa mai suna Boots on the Ground: Birtaniyya da Sojojin ta tun shekarar 1945, an buga shi. A cikin littafin, ya nuna cewa "zuwa Iraki kuskure ne na dabaru da ke kusa da tsarin littafi mai tsarki" kuma kasafin kudin tsaro na kashi 2% na GDP "ba shi da yawa a yanayin tsaro na yanzu".

Da yake tsokaci game da Kamfen din 'Yancin wanda aka zaba a watan Satumban Shekarar 2018, ya fada wa kafafen yada labarai cewa sojoji da suka yi ritaya, da jiragen sama da masu tukin jirgin ruwa ya kamata su sami kimantawa na halayyar dan adam a matsayin wani bangare na shirin sake tsugunar da su kafin barin aikin don taimaka musu kauce wa kurkuku nan gaba da rashin gida.

Rayuwar mutum[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dannatt ya sadu da matarsa, Philippa ("Pippa"; née Gurney ) a cikin shekarar farko a Jami'ar Durham a Shekara ta 1973. Ma'aurata sun yi alkawari, kuma sun yi aure a watan Maris na shekarar 1977, bayan haka Pippa ya raka Dannatt bayan dawowarsa Berlin. [78] Sun haifi yara hudu — uku maza daya mace. Bertie, ɗa na biyu, ya yi aiki tare da Grenadier Guards — tsarin mulkin mahaifinPipa a Iraki da Afghanistan, inda ya sami ambaton rashin aiki har ya kai matsayin kaftin kafin ya bar Sojoji a shekarar 2008. [79] [80] [81]

A cikin shekarar 1977, sannan kawai ɗan shekara 26, Dannatt ya sami babban bugun jini, wanda ya sa ya kasa magana kuma ya bar gefen dama na jikinsa ya shanye. Ya shafe tsawon shekaru biyu masu zuwa yana murmurewa kuma daga karshe an bashi damar komawa bakin aiki, kodayake har yanzu yana saurin gajiya a gefen damarsa fiye da na hagu kuma yana da sauran ƙananan abubuwan saura. A lokacin da yake murmurewa, Dannatt, Kirista mai ba da gaskiya, an nuna shi ga ayoyin Littafi Mai-Tsarki guda biyu, wanda ya sa shi ya yi imanin cewa sadaukar da kai ga imaninsa ya zuwa yanzu "mai-rabin zuciya" kuma ya ba shi ƙarfin yin babban ƙaddamarwa wanda, a cewarsa tarihin rayuwar mutum, "ya taimaka wajen ayyana wanda na zama sai, a matsayin mutum da soja." [13] Daga baya Dannatt ya danganta tsira daga cutar shanyewar jikinsa da sauran abubuwan da suka kusan mutuwa - gami da abin da ya sa aka ba shi Giciyen Soja - ga ƙalubale daga Allah na "sadaukar da ransa ga Kristi".

Dannatt ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Christianungiyar Soja ta Unionungiyar Soja tun daga Shekarar 1998 kuma Shugaba Emeritus na theungiyar Sojoji da menungiyar menwararrun menwararrun Airmen tun daga shekarar 2020 (ya kasance shugaban ƙasa daga 1999 zuwa 2019). Ya kasance Shugaban Rungiyar ifungiyar Bindiga daga shekarar 2000 zuwa shekara ta 2008 da na Royal Norfolk Aikin Gona a 2008, yana shugabancin Show na Royal Norfolk Show na wannan shekarar, wanda Yarima Harry ya halarta bisa gayyatar da Dannatt ya yi. [82] Ya yi aiki a matsayin wakili na kamfanin Windsor Leadership Trust tun daga 2005 da kuma matsayin mai kula da Gidaje da Gidaje na Yara tun 2006, sannan ya ci gaba da taimakonsa na Taimako ga Jarumai, wadanda ya taimaka wajen kafawa yayin CGS. Ya jera abubuwan sha'awarsa kamar wasan kurket, wasan tanis, kamun kifi da harbi. An nada shi shugaban Norfolk Churches Trust a watan Nuwamba na 2011, da Mataimakin Shugaban kungiyar The Western Front Association a 2013. Shima shugaban YMCA Norfolk ne.

Richard Dannatt

Shi da matarsa suna zaune a bakin Kogin Yare a Keswick kudu da Norwich. [83]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bibliography

Ambato

Hanyoyin haɗin waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dannatt, pp. 11–28.
  2. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 27–29.
  3. ↑ "No. 45465". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 September 1971. p. 9661.
  4. ↑ Dannatt, p. 36.
  5. ↑ Dannatt, p. 51.
  6. ↑ "No. 46080". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 September 1973. p. 11116.
  7. ↑ "No. 45892". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 January 1973. p. 1349.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Dannatt, p. 60.
  9. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 67–68.
  10. ↑ Dannatt, p. 71.
  11. ↑ Dannatt, p. 75.
  12. ↑ "No. 47300". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 August 1977. p. 10586.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Dannatt, pp. 79–82.
  14. ↑ Dannatt, p. 82.
  15. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 83–84.
  16. ↑ Dannatt, p. 86.
  17. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 92–93.
  18. ↑ "No. 49142". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 October 1982. p. 13571.
  19. ↑ Dannatt, p. 98.
  20. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 106–108.
  21. ↑ "No. 50979". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 June 1987. pp. 8354–8356.
  22. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 108–109.
  23. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 118–119.
  24. ↑ "No. 52850". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 March 1992. p. 3791.
  25. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 120–122.
  26. ↑ Dannatt, p. 125.
  27. ↑ "No. 53537". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1993. p. 20680.
  28. ↑ Dannatt, p. 130.
  29. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 132–133.
  30. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 136–137.
  31. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 148–149.
  32. ↑ "No. 54574". The London Gazette. 7 November 1996. p. 14850.
  33. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 175–176.
  34. ↑ "No. 55378". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 January 1999. p. 587.
  35. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 188–189.
  36. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 191–193.
  37. ↑ "No. 55711". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1999. p. 43.
  38. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 194–196.
  39. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 198–199.
  40. ↑ "No. 56191". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 May 2001. p. 5194.
  41. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 204–205.
  42. ↑ Dannatt, p. 212.
  43. ↑ Dannatt, p. 217.
  44. ↑ "No. 56824". The London Gazette (Supplement). 21 January 2003. p. 719.
  45. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 223–225.
  46. ↑ "No. 57315". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 June 2004. p. 2.
  47. ↑ "No. 57577". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 March 2005. p. 2815.
  48. ↑ Dannatt, p. 229.
  49. ↑ Dannatt, p. 233.
  50. ↑ "No. 58081". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 August 2006. p. 11754.
  51. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 236–239.
  52. ↑ Dannatt, p. 247.
  53. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 250–251.
  54. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 226–227.
  55. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 272–273.
  56. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 274–277.
  57. ↑ Dannatt, p. 279.
  58. ↑ Dannatt, p. 281.
  59. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 286–287.
  60. ↑ "No. 58929". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2008. p. 2.
  61. ↑ "No. 59177". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 September 2009. p. 15384.
  62. ↑ Dannatt, p. 318.
  63. ↑ "No. 53868". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 December 1994. p. 17053.
  64. ↑ "No. 56931". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 May 2003. p. 5865.
  65. ↑ "No. 55446". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 April 1999. p. 3837.
  66. ↑ "No. 57679". The London Gazette (Supplement). 21 June 2005. p. 8054.
  67. ↑ "No. 56289". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 July 2001. p. 9027.
  68. ↑ "No. 57887". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 January 2006. p. 1364.
  69. ↑ Dannatt, p. 220.
  70. ↑ "No. 57252". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 April 2004. p. 4385.
  71. ↑ "No. 58008". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 June 2006. p. 8065.
  72. ↑ "No. 59120". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 July 2009. p. 11617.
  73. ↑ "No. 59204". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 October 2009. p. 17114.
  74. ↑ "No. 59144". The London Gazette. 31 July 2009.
  75. ↑ "No. 59491". The London Gazette. 19 July 2010.
  76. ↑ "No. 60097". The London Gazette. 23 March 2012.
  77. ↑ Dannatt, pp. 384–385.
  78. ↑ Dannatt, p. 73.
  79. ↑ Dannatt, p. 394.
  80. ↑ "No. 58995". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 March 2009. p. 3770.
  81. ↑ "No. 58092". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 September 2006. p. 12272.
  82. ↑ Dannatt, p. 289.
  83. ↑ Hearts and minds – People – EDP Norfolk Magazine Archived 2016-11-06 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2016-11-05.
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