Richard Lawrence (mai kisan kai)
 Richard Lawrence (mai kisan kai) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Ingila, 1800 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mutuwa |
St. Elizabeths Hospital (en)  , 13 ga Yuni, 1861 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
painter and varnisher (en) |
Richard Lawrence (kimanin 1800 - 13 ga Yuni, 1861) ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya ne mai fenti a gida wanda ba shi da aikin yi, wanda shi ne mutum na farko da aka sani da ya yi yunƙurin kashe shugaban ƙasar Amurka mai ci. Lawrence ya yi ƙoƙarin harbin Shugaba Andrew Jackson a wajen Majalisar Dokokin Amurka a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 1835, duk da haka, an harbi dukkan bindigoginsa ba daidai ba, kuma aka kama shi. A lokacin shari'ar, an same shi da laifi saboda hauka, kuma ya shafe sauran rayuwarsa a gidajen yari.
An haifi Lawrence a Ingila, Biritaniya mai yiwuwa a kusa da 1800 ko 1801. Iyalinsa sun yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 12 kuma sun zauna a Virginia, kusa da Washington, DC. Yaron Lawrence da farkon shekarun manya a bayyane suke kamar yadda halayensa suke. A lokacin shari'arsa, sanannun mutane da dangi sun bayyana shi a matsayin "yaro mai kyau" wanda aka "tsare shi a cikin halinsa; amma mai aiki tuƙuru da halaye masu kyau". [1] Lawrence daga baya ya sami aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane na gida. Masana tarihi sun yi hasashen cewa bayyanar Lawrence ga sunadarai masu guba da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fenti a cikin 1800s (ciki har da gubar, antimony, chromates, sulfides da barium) ya ba da gudummawa ga rashin lafiyarsa, wanda ya bayyana kansa lokacin da yake cikin shekaru talatin. Lawrence ya fara nuna halayyar rarrabewa da tashin hankali, musamman ga 'yan uwansa.[2]
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1832, halayyar Lawrence da kwanciyar hankali sun canza ba tare da wani dalili ba. Ba zato ba tsammani ya sanar da iyalinsa cewa yana komawa Ingila, kuma ya bar Washington DC jim kadan bayan haka. Ya dawo wata daya bayan ya gaya wa iyalinsa cewa ya yanke shawarar kada ya yi tafiya zuwa kasashen waje saboda sanyi ne sosai. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya dawo, ya sake sanar da cewa yana komawa Ingila don nazarin zane-zane.[3]
Lawrence ya sake barin kuma ya zauna a Philadelphia na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma gida. Ya gaya wa iyalinsa cewa "mutane marasa suna" sun hana shi tafiya zuwa kasashen waje kuma gwamnatin Amurka ta kuma amince da shirinsa na komawa Ingila. Lawrence ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa yayin da yake Philadelphia, ya karanta labaru da yawa game da kansa a cikin jaridar da suka soki shirin tafiye-tafiyensa da halinsa. Lawrence ya gaya wa iyalinsa cewa ba shi da wani zaɓi sai dai ya koma Washington har sai ya iya sayen jirgin ruwa kuma ya hayar kyaftin din da zai tashi jirgin zuwa Ingila a gare shi.[3]
Halin Lawrence da bayyanar waje sun canza sosai a wannan lokacin. Da zarar ya yi ado mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, Lawrence ya yi gemu kuma ya fara sayen tufafi masu tsada da haske, wanda zai canza sau uku ko hudu a rana. Ya tsaya a ƙofar gidansa na tsawon sa'o'i yana kallon titi. Yaran makwabta za su yi masa ba'a a matsayin "Sarki Richard", wanda yawanci ya faranta wa Lawrence rai, wanda ya kasa fahimtar cewa yaran suna ba'a. Ya kuma zama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da ƙiyayya ga wasu. A wani lokaci, ya yi barazanar kashe wata baiwa da ya yi tunanin tana dariya da shi. Lawrence kuma ya fara cin zarafin iyalinsa da baki da jiki, galibi 'yan uwansa mata, akan tunanin da aka yi. A wani misali, ya yi barazanar buga 'yar'uwarsa da takarda saboda ya yi imanin cewa tana magana game da shi. A shari'ar Lawrence, shaidu sun bayyana halin ban mamaki da ya nuna. Mutane da yawa sun shaida cewa Lawrence zai shiga cikin tattaunawar banza da kansa, wasu kuma sun bayyana cewa zai yi dariya da la'ana.[4]
Yunkurin kisan kai
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A cikin makonni da suka kai ga yunkurin kisan kai, Lawrence ya fara lura da ƙungiyoyin Jackson. Shaidu daga baya sun shaida cewa ana ganin Lawrence sau da yawa yana zaune a cikin shagon fenti yana gunaguni game da Jackson. A ranar Jumma'a, 30 ga Janairu, 1835, ranar yunkurin kisan kai, an ga Lawrence yana zaune a shagon fenti tare da littafi a hannunsa yayin da yake dariya. Lawrence ba zato ba tsammani ya tashi, ya bar shagon ya ce, "Zan la'anta ni idan ban yi ba".[5]
Daga baya a wannan rana, Jackson ya halarci jana'izar wakilin Kudancin Carolina Warren R. Davis a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka. Lawrence da farko ya shirya ya harbe Jackson yayin da ya shiga aikin amma bai iya kusantar shi ba. Koyaya, a lokacin da Jackson ya bar jana'izar, Lawrence ya sami sarari kusa da ginshiƙi a Gabashin Portico, inda Jackson zai wuce. Yayin da Jackson ya wuce, Lawrence ya fita ya harbe bindigarsa ta farko a bayan Jackson; ya ɓace. Lawrence da sauri ya sake yin ƙoƙari tare da bindigarsa ta biyu, amma hakan ma bai yi nasara ba. Daga baya aka ƙaddara cewa makaman da ya zaɓa an lura da su saboda suna da rauni ga danshi, kuma yanayin a wannan ranar yana da danshi da danshi.[1]
Jackson ya lura da yunkurin da Lawrence bai yi nasara ba, wanda ya ci gaba da doke Lawrence da sanda. Taron, wanda ya hada da wakilin Amurka Davy Crockett, daga ƙarshe ya shiga tsakani kuma ya yi kokawa da Lawrence cikin biyayya.[2] Lawrence shine mutum na farko da ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe shugaban Amurka mai zaman kansa.[6]