Rigakafin gurɓata a Amurka
 Rigakafin gurɓata a Amurka | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
prevention (en)  da management (en) |
| Fuskar | Gurɓacewa |
| Class of object(s) of occurrence (en) | Gurɓacewa |
Rigakafin gurɓataccen yanayi (P2) wata dabara ce don rage yawan sharar da aka kirkira kuma aka saki cikin muhalli, musamman ta masana'antu, noma, ko masu amfani. Yawancin manyan kamfanoni suna kallon P2 a matsayin hanyar inganta inganci da riba na hanyoyin samarwa ta hanyar rage sharar gida da ci gaban fasaha.[1] Kungiyoyin majalisa sun kafa matakan P2, kamar Dokar Rigakafin Pollution ta 1990 da Gyaran Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa na 1990 a Majalisa ta Amurka.[2]
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, yayin da tattalin arzikin duniya ya farfado, man fetur da masana'antun da ke da alaƙa da sunadarai sun karu da sauri, amma halayen sunadarai da / ko hanyoyin samar da suka yi amfani da su sau da yawa sun samar ko kuma sun saki adadi mai yawa na kayan sharar gida waɗanda suke da guba da / ko sun haifar da gurɓata. A cikin shekarun 1960, jama'a sun mayar da martani game da karuwar sharar gida da / ko gurɓataccen yanayi, kuma yunkurin muhalli na zamani ya karu da sauri. A ƙarshen shekarun 1960 da farkon shekarun 1970 kasashe da yawa sun fara ba da "command da sarrafawa" ka'idojin muhalli waɗanda suka ba da umarni ga takamaiman iyakokin fitarwa da / ko hanyoyin "ƙarshen bututun ruwa" don sarrafa sharar da aka riga aka kirkira.
Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rigakafin gurɓataccen abu shine duk wani mataki da ke rage yawan gurɓatawar da aka saki cikin muhalli. Aiwatar da irin waɗannan matakai yana rage tsananin da / ko yawan haɗarin da aka kawo wa lafiyar jama'a da muhalli. Rigakafin gurɓataccen yanayi yana adana albarkatun kasa kuma yana iya samun fa'idodi masu mahimmanci na kuɗi a cikin manyan matakai.[3] Idan kamfanoni suna samar da karancin sharar gida, ba lallai bane su damu da yadda aka zubar da su ba. Don haka, P2 kuma wani mataki ne na gaba don rage farashin zubar da sharar gida da kawar da shi.[2]
Tushen
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Tashoshin jiragen ruwa sune babbar hanyar gurɓata saboda yawan zirga-zirgar kayayyaki da waɗannan yankuna ke karɓa. Tasirin waɗannan jiragen ruwa ya yadu sosai, yana shafar al'ummomin bakin teku da yanayin halittu a duk faɗin duniya. Yawancin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna kusa da wuraren da ke da alaƙa da muhalli. Wadannan yankuna suna da tasiri musamman ta hanyar manyan matakan fitar da diesel, kwayoyin halitta, nitrogen oxides, ozone, da sulfur oxides. Maganin rage gurɓataccen tashar jiragen ruwa yana da nau'o'i da yawa, wanda ya haɗa da hanyoyin da za a iya cimma da kuma burin ragewa na dogon lokaci. Misalan matakai masu sauƙi sun haɗa da ƙuntatawa akan injin injin don jiragen ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma amfani da man fetur mai tsabta. Ana iya ɗaukar wasu matakai masu tsada don rage gurɓataccen jiragen ruwa. Canja wurin tsofaffin jiragen ruwa tare da jiragen ruwa da ke dauke da sabbin injuna yana ba da damar jiragen ruwa su hadu da ka'idojin fitarwa na zamani. Hakanan za'a iya sake fasalin tsarin fitarwa don rage fitarwa. Da yake kallon gaba zuwa nan gaba, akwai wasu fasahohi da ake bunkasa. Misali, toshe jiragen ruwa a cikin tushen wutar lantarki na "gefen bakin teku" na iya kawar da buƙatar injuna masu aiki. Bugu da ƙari, ana haɓaka tushen madadin man fetur daban-daban, mafi mahimmanci shine na'urar sel mai.[4]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cagno, Enrico; Trucco, Paolo; Tardini, Lorenzo (2005). "Cleaner production and profitability: Analysis of 134 industrial pollution prevention (P2) project reports". Journal of Cleaner Production. 13 (6): 593–605. Bibcode:2005JCPro..13..593C. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.12.025.
- 1 2 Freeman, Harry; Harten, Teresa; Springer, Johnny; Randall, Paul; Curran, Mary Ann; Stone, Kenneth (1992). "Industrial Pollution Prevention! A Critical Review". Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 42 (5): 618–656. Bibcode:1992JAWMA..42..618F. doi:10.1080/10473289.1992.10467016.
- ↑ "Learn About Pollution Prevention". US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2013-06-04. Retrieved 2018-11-21.
- ↑ Bailey, Diane; Solomon, Gina (2004). "Pollution prevention at ports: Clearing the air". Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 24 (7–8): 749–774. Bibcode:2004EIARv..24..749B. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2004.06.005.