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Rijistar dukiyar ilimi a Ghana

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Rijistar dukiyar ilimi a Ghana
Bayanai
Ƙasa Ghana

Rijistar dukiyar ilimi a Ghana shine mabuɗin kare kokarin mutum na ilimi daga keta doka.[1] Dokar mallakar ilimi ta Ghana ta ƙunshi dokokin mallakar ilimi (IP) a Ghana, kamar dokokin da ke kula da haƙƙin mallaka, patent, Alamar kasuwanci, haƙƙin ƙirar masana'antu, da gasa mara adalci. Manyan dokokin mallakar ilimi a Ghana sun hada da Dokar haƙƙin mallaka, 2005 (Dokar 690), Dokar Patents, 2003 (Dokar 657), Dokar Kasuwanci, 2004 (Dokar 664), Dokar Tsarin Masana'antu, 2003 (Zokar 660) da Dokar Karewa da Rashin adalci, 2000 (Dokar 589). Wadannan suna karawa da ka'idojin da Majalisar Dokoki ta zartar don kara yawan ci gaba a karkashin dokokin IP.

Hakkin mallaka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A Ghana, mahalicci ko marubucin wani aiki yana da damar haƙƙin mallaka da kariya da aka ba wannan aikin a ƙarƙashin Dokar haƙƙin mallatte. Koyaya, a cikin yanayin da aka hayar mutum musamman don ƙirƙirar aikin, wanda zai iya da'awar mallakar haƙƙin mallaka zai zama ma'aikaci. Har ila yau, idan marubuci ya sayar da dukkan 'yancin tattalin arziki (wanda yawanci na wani lokaci ne da aka tsara), to a lokacin da lasisin ke aiki, ana ba da haƙƙin mallaka na ɗan lokaci ga mai lasisi (watau wanda ya sayi lasisin daga mahaliccin asali).

Don mutum ya iya yin rajistar haƙƙin mallaka a Ghana, dole ne mutum ya zama ɗan ƙasa ko mutumin da ke zaune a Jamhuriyar Ghana. Har ila yau, dole ne a fara buga aikin a cikin ƙasar kuma inda aka fara buga aikin ne a waje da Jamhuriyar, dole ne daga baya a buga shi a cikin ƙasar; tsakanin kwanaki talatin da aka buga shi a waje da Gamhuriyar ... "ba tare da la'akari da ingancin fasaha ba". A cikin batun Shah v Barnet London Borough Council, Lord Scarman ya bayyana talakawa mazaunin a matsayin 'gidan mutum a wani wuri ko ƙasa wanda ya karɓa da son rai kuma don dalilai masu zaman kansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsari na yau da kullun na rayuwarsa na yanzu, ko na gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci". Bugu da ƙari, Dokar ta samar da irin ayyukan da za su cancanci kariya ta haƙƙin mallaka kamar aikin kiɗa, rikodin sauti, aikin bidiyo, aikin wasan kwaikwayo da sauransu.

Dokar ta tanadi yin rajistar aikin haƙƙin mallaka kuma sashi na 39 (3) yana da tasiri cewa, mai bugawa na aiki na iya gabatar da aikin don rajista ta Mai Gudanar da haƙƙin mallattecin bayan an buga shi kuma ana iya ajiye kwafin mafi kyawun bugu a Ofishin haƙƙin mallaki.

Koyaya, sananne ne don lura cewa "Kariya ta haƙƙin mallaka na aiki ba ta dogara da rajistar aikin ba", wanda ke nufin, haƙƙin malaka yana tasowa ta atomatik kuma mutum ba ya buƙatar yin rajistar aikinsa don kariya ta haƙƙoƙin mallaka muddin asali ne.

Dokar takardar shaidar da rajista

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Takardar shaidar bisa ga sashi na 1 na Dokar Takardar shaidarsa, ita ce haƙƙin kare wani abin kirkirar. A cikin hukuncin Kotun da'ira ta Massachusetts a cikin shari'ar Davoll et al. v. Brown, Mai Shari'a Charles L. Woodbury ya rubuta cewa "ta wannan hanyar ne kawai za mu iya kare dukiyar ilimi, ayyukan tunani, samarwa da abubuwan sha'awa na mutum ne... kamar yadda alkama da yake nomawa, ko garken da yake kiwo. "

Aikace-aikacen rajista

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana buƙatar aikace-aikacen rajistar takardar shaidar tare da Mai Rijista kuma ya kamata ya ƙunshi buƙatar takardar shaidarsa, bayanin abin da aka kirkira yana neman kariya ta takardar shaida, kuma inda ake buƙata, zane-zane. Dole ne mai nema ya biya kuɗin aikace-aikacen da aka tsara. Ya kamata buƙatar ta ƙunshi takarda don a ba da takardar shaidar, ya kamata ya haɗa da muhimman bayanai game da mai nema, mai kirkiro da wakilin, idan akwai, da kuma taken abin da aka kirkira. A yanayin da mai nema ba mai kirkiro ba ne, za a gabatar da buƙatar tare da hujja game da haƙƙin mai nema ga takardar shaidar. Bayanan da ke bayyana kirkirar ya kamata ya kasance daban, bayyane kuma a fahimta cikin sauƙi, ta yadda mutumin da ke da ƙwarewa ta yau da kullun a cikin fasaha zai iya aiwatar da kirkirar.[2] Ya kamata kuma ya nuna aƙalla hanya ɗaya ta aiwatar da kirkirar. Mahimmancin da'awar a cikin buƙatar shine a bayyana batun kariya. Dole ne da'awar ta kasance a bayyane kuma taƙaitacciyar kuma ta goyi bayan bayanin. Zane zai zama dole ne kawai don fahimtar abin da aka kirkira. Mai nema na iya, janye aikace-aikacen a lokacin jiran tallafin aikace-aikace.

Aikace-aikacen ya kamata ya danganta da wani abu ne kawai ko kuma inda suke rukuni na abubuwan kirkirar, dole ne a haɗa su don samar da ra'ayi guda ɗaya. Mai nema na iya zaɓar gyara aikace-aikacen kafin bayar da haƙƙin, duk da haka, irin wannan gyare-gyare dole ne bai shafi ainihin bayyanar da aka yi ba. Mai nema na iya raba aikace-aikacen zuwa aikace-aikace na yanki amma kowane aikace-aikacin yanki yana iyakance ga wannan kafin bayyanar farko. Kowace aikace-aikacen yanki za ta sami ranar shigarwa kuma, inda ya dace, ranar fifiko. Yana da ban sha'awa duk da haka, cewa ba za a soke takardar shaidar ba saboda ba ta bin abin da ake buƙata na hadin kai kamar yadda yake a cikin sashi na (1) na sashi na 6.

  1. "Importance of protecting intellectual property".
  2. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1