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Rikicin Islama a Mozambique

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Infotaula d'esdevenimentRikicin Islama a Mozambique
Iri rikici
Kwanan watan 5 Oktoba 2017
Wuri Cabo Delgado Province (en) Fassara

Rikicin a Cabo Delgado ya kasance rikicin Islama ne mai gudana a Lardin Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, galibi ya yi yaƙi tsakanin masu tayar da kayar baya na Islama da masu jihadi da ke ƙoƙarin kafa jihar Islama a yankin, da sojojin tsaro na Mozambican. Fararen hula sun kasance manyan manufofi na Hare-haren ta'addanci da mayakan Islama suka yi.[1] Babban bangaren masu tayar da kayar baya shine Ansar al-Sunna, bangaren masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na asali tare da alaƙa ta duniya. Daga tsakiyar shekara ta 2018, an yi zargin cewa Lardin Afirka ta Tsakiya na Daular Musulunci ya zama mai aiki a arewacin Mozambique, kuma ya yi ikirarin kai hari na farko a kan jami'an tsaro na Mozambik a watan Yunin shekara ta 2019. Bugu da kari, 'yan fashi sun yi amfani da tawaye don gudanar da hare-hare. Ya zuwa 2020, ta'addanci ya kara tsanantawa, kamar yadda a farkon rabin 2020 an kai kusan hare-hare da yawa kamar yadda aka kai a duk shekarar 2019.

Ansar al-Sunna (Turanci: "Masu goyon bayan Hadisi") yayi kama da sunan ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Sunni ta Iraqi da ta yi yaƙi da sojojin Amurka tsakanin 2003 da 2007. An san su a cikin gida kamar al-Shabaab amma ba su da alaƙa da sanannen Somali al-Shaliab. [2] Wasu daga cikin mayakan an san su da magana da Portuguese, harshen hukuma na Mozambique, duk da haka wasu suna magana da Kimwane, yaren yankin, da Swahili, yaren da ake magana a arewacin wannan yankin a Yankin Great Lakes. Rahotanni sun kuma bayyana cewa yawancin mambobin 'yan Mozambik ne daga gundumomin Mocimboa da Praia, Palma, da Macomia, amma kuma sun hada da' yan kasashen waje daga Tanzania da Somaliya.[3]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ansar al-Sunna, wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na asali Ahlu Sunnah Wa-Jamo (wanda aka fassara: "ƙididdigar al'adar annabci"), da farko ƙungiya ce ta addinin Islama a cikin gundumomin arewacin Cabo Delgado wanda ya fara bayyana a kusa da 2015. Mabiyan malamin Kenya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi Aboud Rogo ne suka kafa ta, wanda aka kashe a shekarar 2012. Bayan haka, wasu mambobin ƙungiyarsa sun zauna a Kibiti, Tanzania, kafin su koma Mozambique.[49]

Ansar al-Sunna ya yi iƙirarin cewa addinin Musulunci kamar yadda ake yi a Mozambique ya lalace kuma ba ya bin koyarwar Muhammadu. Mambobin ƙungiyar sun shiga masallatai na gargajiya tare da makamai don yin barazana ga wasu su bi nasu imani mai zurfi. Har ila yau, ƙungiyar tana adawa da Kiristanci, mai adawa da animist, da kuma mai adawa da Yamma, kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta hana mutane halartar asibitoci ko makarantu waɗanda take la'akari da na duniya da na Musulunci.[4][51] Wannan hali ya rabu da yawancin mutanen yankin maimakon canza su zuwa Ahlu Sunnah Wa-Jamo, don haka mambobin ƙungiyar sun rabu kuma sun kafa wuraren su na ibada.[5] A tsawon lokaci, kungiyar ta kara tashin hankali: ta kira wani nau'i mai tsanani na Shari'a da za a aiwatar da shi a cikin kasar, ba ta sake amincewa da gwamnatin Mozambican ba, kuma ta fara kafa sansanoni masu ɓoye a Gundumar Macomia, Gundumar Mocímboa da Praia, da Gundumar Montepuez.[51] A can, tsoffin 'yan sanda ne suka horar da mayakan Ansar al-Sunna, da tsoffin masu tsaron iyaka waɗanda aka kore su kuma suna da ƙiyayya da gwamnati. Har ila yau, ƙungiyar ta tuntubi wasu mayakan Islama a Gabashin Afirka, kuma an ruwaito cewa ta hayar da masu horarwa daga Somaliya, Tanzania, da Kenya. Wasu daga cikin mayakan Ansar al-Sunna sun kuma yi tafiya zuwa kasashen waje don samun horo kai tsaye daga wasu kungiyoyin mayakan.[5]

Masu fafutuka ba su da haɗin kai, amma sun rabu zuwa sel daban-daban waɗanda ba su bayyana don daidaita ayyukansu ba.Ya zuwa watan Agustan 2018, 'yan sanda na Mozambican sun gano mutane shida a matsayin shugabannin' yan ta'adda a Cabo Delgado: Abdul Faizal, Abdul Raim, Abdul Remane, Ibn Omar, "Salimo", da Nuno Remane. Ansar al-Sunna tana samun kuɗi ta hanyar fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi (da farko heroin), smuggling, da cinikin hauren giwa.

Duk da yake addini yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rikici, masu sharhi sun yi imanin cewa mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin tawaye sune matsalolin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da siyasa a Mozambique. Rashin aikin yi kuma musamman rashin aikin yi na matasa ana daukar su a matsayin manyan dalilan da ke haifar da mazauna yankin su shiga cikin 'yan tawayen Islama. Ƙarin rashin daidaito ya haifar da matasa da yawa don samun sauƙin jan hankali ga irin wannan motsi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, [6] kamar yadda Ansar al-Sunna ya yi alkawarin cewa nau'in addinin Islama zai yi aiki a matsayin "magani" ga "karkatarwa, mulkin elitist". [4][49] Yawancin 'yan tawaye na Mwani da Makwa ne wadanda ke da asalin Cabo Delgado; fararen hula na waɗannan mutane sun nuna tausayi ga masu tayar da kayar baya. Gabaɗaya, lardin ba shi da ababen more rayuwa kuma jihar ba ta da wakilci, yana sauƙaƙa yaduwar tawaye.[7]

Jerin lokaci

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2017

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, wani hari kafin asuba ya kai ga ofisoshin 'yan sanda 3 a garin Mocímboa da Praia. Mambobin 30 ne suka jagoranci, wadanda suka kashe mutane 17, ciki har da jami'an 'yan sanda biyu da shugaban al'umma. An kama 14 daga cikin masu aikata laifin. A lokacin wannan ɗan gajeren zama na Mocímboa da Praia, masu aikata laifin sun sace bindigogi da harsashi kuma sun gaya wa mazauna cewa sun ƙi kiwon lafiya da ilimi na jihar, kuma sun ki biyan haraji. An ce kungiyar tana da alaƙa da Al-Shabaab, ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ta Islama da ke da alaƙa ti Al Qaeda da ke aiki a mafi yawan yankunan kudancin Somalia.[8]
  • A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 'yan sanda sun tsare mutane 52 da ake zargi da harin da aka kai a ranar 5 ga Oktoba.[9]
  • A ranar 21 ga Oktoba, an yi wani rikici kafin asuba tsakanin kungiyar da sojojin gwamnati a ƙauyen kamun kifi na Maluku, kimanin kilomita 30 (19 daga Mocímboa da Praia. A sakamakon haka, mazauna garin da yawa sun tsere daga ƙauyen.[10]
  • A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, ƙarin rikice-rikice sun faru a kusa da ƙauyen Columbe, kimanin kilomita 16 (9.9 kudu da shigarwar Anadarko Petroleum . [10]
  • A ranar 27 ga Oktoba 2017, 'yan sanda na Mozambican sun tabbatar da kama wasu mambobi 100 na kungiyar, gami da baƙi, dangane da harin da aka kai a ranar 5 ga Oktoba. [11]
  • A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, a lardin Cabo Delgado na arewacin Mozambique, gwamnati ta ba da umarnin rufe masallatai uku da ke Pemba da kuma unguwanni na Cariaco, Alto Gigone da Chiuba, waɗanda aka yi imanin suna da alaƙa da addinin Islama.[12]
  • A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, kungiyar ta kai hari kauyukan Mitumbate da Maculo, inda ta ji rauni biyu kuma ta kashe akalla mutane biyu. Mutuwar biyu ta kasance ta hanyar yanke kai da mutuwa ta hanyar konewa. A cewar hukumomin yankin, 'yan ta'adda sun kuma lalata coci da gidaje 27.[13]
  • A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba, gwamnatin gundumar Moçímboa da Praia a arewacin Mozambique ta kira maza biyu, Nuro Adremane da Jafar Alawi, kamar yadda ake zargi da shirya hare-haren da wata kungiya mai dauke da makamai ta kai wa 'yan sanda a watan Oktoba. Dukansu maza biyu 'yan kasar Mozambique ne. Gwamnatin gundumar ta bayyana cewa maza biyu sun yi karatun Islama a Tanzania, Sudan da Saudi Arabia, inda ake zargin sun kuma sami horo na soja.[14]
  • A ranar 17 ga watan Disamba, an yi nasarar kisan kai a kan Darakta na Bincike na Kasa na Rundunar Tsaro ta 'Yan Sanda. [15]
  • A ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, mai magana da yawun 'yan sanda Inacio Dino ya ba da sanarwar fara ayyukan yaki da masu tayar da kayar baya a cikin gandun daji da ke kewaye da Mutumbate, a lardin Cabo Delgado. Tun lokacin da afuwa don mika wuya ta ƙare, ya bayyana cewa za a yi niyya da 'yan ƙasar Tanzania 36 ta hanyar ayyukan.[16]
  • A ranar 29 ga watan Disamba, jaridar Mozambican mai zaman kanta "O Pais" ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan gudun hijira da' yan ruwa na Mozambican sun kai hari kauyen Mitumbate ta hanyar iska da teku, suna la'akari da shi a matsayin sansani ga masu tayar da kayar baya. Sakamakon harin ya bar mutane 50 da suka mutu, ciki har da mata da yara, kuma ba a san adadin da suka ji rauni ba.[17]

2018

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  • A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 'yan sanda na Mozambique sun bayyana cewa hare-haren da aka kai a ranar 29 ga Disamba an rarrabe su a matsayin ayyukan ta'addanci.[18]
  • A ranar 13 ga Janairu, wani rukuni na 'yan ta'adda sun shiga garin Olumbi da misalin karfe 8 na dare a gundumar Palma, inda suka bude wuta a kasuwa da wani ginin gwamnati, suka kashe mutane biyar.[19]
  • A ranar 28 ga Janairu, wani bidiyo ya bayyana a kafafen sada zumunta yana nuna wasu 'yan kishin addini guda shida cikin tufafin fararen hula suna kira ga mutanen Mozambique da su shiga jihadi don kare darajar koyarwar Musulunci da kafa doka ta Musulunci. Bidiyon yana cikin harshen Fotugis da Larabci.[20]
  • A ranar 12 ga Maris, gidan rediyon Radio Moçambique ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar makamai ta kai hari kauyen Chitolo, inda suka kona gidaje 50 tare da kashe wasu mazauna.[21]
  • A ranar 21 ga Maris, mazauna kauyen Manilha sun tsere daga gidajensu bayan ganin wasu 'yan bindiga suna kai hare-hare a gefen kogin Quinhevo.[22]
  • A ranakun 20, 21 da 22 ga Afrilu, kungiyar ta kai hare-hare a kauyukan Diaca Velha, kusa da iyakar gundumar Nangade da kauyen Mangwaza a gundumar Palma. Sun kwace gidaje, sun kona wasu guda hudu, sun kashe mutum daya, sannan suka kama mutane uku. Amma daga baya jami'an tsaron Mozambique sun fara samame a ranar 22 ga Afrilu kuma suka kama 'yan jihadi 30.[23] A gefe guda kuma, wani jaridar kasar Afirka ta Kudu ta ruwaito cewa kusan 'yan kungiyar ISIL 90 sun shiga arewacin Mozambique, bisa bayanan sirri. Gwamnatin Mozambique ta musanta wannan rahoto. [24] Duk da haka, kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta tabbatar da kasancewar sojojin ISIL a Mozambique a watan Mayu.[25]
  • A ranar 27 ga Mayu, mutane goma ciki har da yara an yanke musu kai a kauyen Monjane dake gundumar Palma a jihar Cabo Delgado. Mazauna garin sun danganta wannan kisan ga kungiyar al-Shabaab da aka kafa a 2015 (ba ta da alaka da kungiyar al-Shabaab ta Somalia).[26] Kwana goma sha biyu bayan haka, ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Mozambique ya gargadi 'yan kasarsu da su bar gundumar Palma saboda yiwuwar wani hari mai zuwa.[27]
  • A ranar 3 ga Yuni, 'yan bindiga sun sare kawunan fararen hula guda biyar a kauyen Rueia dake gundumar Macomia.[28]
  • A ranar 5 ga Yuni, wasu mutane shida dauke da adduna da bindigogi sun kashe mutane bakwai, suka jikkata hudu, sannan suka kona gidaje da dama a kauyen Naunde na gundumar Macomia.[28][29][30]

2019

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Hoton tauraron dan adam na guguwar Cyclone Kenneth tana karatowa Mozambique a ranar 25 Afrilu 2019.
  • A wani lokaci cikin watan Janairu ko farkon Fabrairu 2019, dakarun tsaro sun kama Abdul Rahmin Faizal, wanda ake zargin shugaba ne na 'yan tawayen da ke da asalin kasar Uganda.[31]
  • A ranar 8 Fabrairu, mayakan Musulmi masu tsattsauran ra’ayi sun kai hari garin Piqueue da ke Cabo Delgado, inda suka kashe kuma suka yanka maza bakwai, sannan suka sace mata hudu.[32]
  • Bayan guguwar Cyclone Kenneth ta afkawa Mozambique a ranar 25 Afrilu tare da haddasa barna, 'yan tawaye sun dakatar da hare-harensu na dan lokaci. Sai dai a ranar 3 ga Mayu, sun sake kai hari inda suka lalata garin Nacate a karamar hukumar Macomia, inda suka kashe fararen hula shida. A makonni masu zuwa, 'yan tawaye sun kara kai hare-hare a kauyuka da dama kamar Ntapuala da Banga-Vieja a Macomia, da kuma Ida da Ipho a Meluco. Hakanan sun kai farmaki kan wasu ma'aikata, tare da umartar mazauna su bar gidajensu. A kalla an kai hare-hare biyu kan ma'aikatan kamfanin Anadarko Petroleum, kamfani daga Amurka da ke binciken makamashin man fetur.[33]
  • A ranar 4 ga Yuni, kungiyar ISIL ta bayyana cewa reshensu na “Central Africa Province” ne ya kai harin da ya yi nasara kan sojojin Mozambique a Mitopy, karamar hukumar Mocímboa da Praia.[34] A kalla mutane 16 ne suka mutu yayin da wasu 12 suka jikkata. A wannan lokaci, ISIL ta dauki Ansar al-Sunna a matsayin reshensu, ko da yake har yanzu ba a tantance adadin mayakan Musulmi da ke biyayya gare su ba.[35]
  • A ranar 3 ga Yuli, mayakan Musulmi sun kai hari a karamar hukumar Nangade, inda suka kashe mutane bakwai ciki har da fararen hula da dan sanda. A ranar 6 ga Yuli ISIL ta dauki alhakin harin.[36]
  • A ranar 25 ga Satumba, an kawo kayan aikin soja daga Rasha, musamman jiragen sama biyu na Mi-17, ta jirgin dakon kaya Antonov An-124 (RA-82038) mallakar rundunar sojan sama ta Rasha, wanda ya sauka a filin jirgin saman Nacala.[37] Gwamnatocin Rasha da Mozambique sun riga sun kulla yarjejeniya kan hadin gwiwar soja da fasaha a karshen Janairu 2017.[38]
  • A farkon Oktoba, dakarun sojan Mozambique sun kaddamar da wasu hare-haren yaki da 'yan tawaye tare da taimakon 'yan haya da kamfanonin tsaro daga kungiyar Wagner daga Rasha. An tilasta wa 'yan tawaye ja da baya daga wasu sassa na Cabo Delgado zuwa dazuka.[39] Baya ga haka, an kama mutane 34 yayin da suke kan hanyar tafiya daga Nampula zuwa Cabo Delgado don shiga kungiyar ISIL.[40] A martani, 'yan tawaye sun kashe 'yan haya bakwai daga Rasha da kuma sojojin Mozambique ashirin a cikin hare-haren kwantan bauna biyu. An danganta wadannan hare-hare ga reshen ISIL na Central Africa Province.[41]
  • A watan Nuwamba, wasu sojojin gwamnati da mayaka 5 daga Wagner Group sun mutu a wani kwantan bauna, inda ISIL ta dauki alhakin harin.[42][43]

2020

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • 23 Maris: An kama Mocímboa da Praia daga hannun ƴan ta'addan Islama[44] a wani hari da aka haɗa kai daga ƙasa da teku. ƴan tawayen sun lalata gine-ginen gwamnati kuma sun ɗaga tutar Jihadist, amma sun ƙaurace wa kai hari kan fararen hula. Madadin haka, ƴan tawayen sun rarraba abinci da kayan sata ga mazauna yankin,[45] kuma suka janye daga birnin daga baya a ranar.[46]
  • 25 Maris: ƴan tawaye sun kai hari babban birnin Quissanga District,[47] sannan suka biyo baya da wasu ƙauyuka da dama.[45]
  • 7 Afrilu: ƴan ta'addan sun kashe mazauna ƙauye 52 a ƙauyen Xitaxi, waɗanda suka ƙi shiga tare da su.[Ana bukatan hujja] An ɗauki Lardin Tsakiyar Afirka na Islamic State a matsayin alhakin kisan kiyashin.[48] A ranar guda, jami'an tsaron Mozambique sun kashe ƴan ta'addan 39 a lokacin yunƙurin kai hari kan ƙauyen Muidumbe.[49] A halin yanzu, wasu ƴan tawaye na gida sun bayyana aniyarsu ta kafa Khalifanci a arewacin Mozambique.[48]
  • 10 Afrilu: jami'an tsaro sun kashe ƴan tawaye 59 a lokacin wata arangama a tsibirin Quirimbas.[49]
  • 11–13 Afrilu: jami'an tsaron Mozambique sun kashe ƴan tawaye 31 a lokacin ayyuka a tsibirin Ibo.[49]
  • 24 Afrilu: gwamnatin Mozambique ta amince a karon farko cewa mabiya Islamic State suna aiki a ƙasar kuma suna da hannu a tashe-tashen hankula.[48]
  • 14 Mayu: Ministan Cikin Gida na Mozambique Amade Miquidade ya ce sojojin gwamnati sun kashe ƴan tawaye 50 a cikin hare-hare daban-daban a arewacin Lardin Cabo Delgado.[50]
  • 28 Mayu: kimanin mayakan Islama 90 sun kai hari garin Macomia kuma suka ɗaga tutar baƙar fata.[51]
  • Har zuwa Yuni: Sojojin musamman na Afirka ta Kudu SANDF sun fara aiki a Mozambique, suna taimakawa jami'an tsaron gida a kan ƴan tawaye na gida.[52]Samfuri:Failed verification
  • 1 Yuni: Sojojin gwamnati sun sake kama Macomia inda suka kashe shugabannin jihadi biyu.[53]
  • 27 Yuni: ƴan ta'addan Islama sun sake kama Mocímboa da Praia,[54] inda IS-CAP suka yi ikirarin alhakin hakan. Yawancin fararen hula sun gudu daga garin. A ranar guda, wasu ƴan tawaye sun yi kwanton bauna ga ma'aikatan Fenix Constructions Service Lda, wani kamfanin gine-gine mai zaman kansa wanda Total S.A. ta ba shi kwangila, inda suka kashe aƙalla ma'aikata takwas.[55]
  • 30 Yuni: Sojojin gwamnati sun sake kama Mocímboa da Praia.[56]
  • 25 Yuli: ƴan ta'addan da ke da alaƙa da Islamic State sun kashe fararen hula biyu a ƙauyen Chai kusa da Macomia.
  • 26 Yuli: Sojojin gwamnati sun sake kama Chai.[57]
  • 9 Agusta: ƴan tawaye sun kama Awasse.[58]
  • 11 Agusta: ƴan tawayen ISCAP sun sake karɓar ikon Mocímboa da Praia bayan wani hari na kwanaki da yawa wanda ya haifar da mutuwar sojojin Mozambique sama da ɗari.[59][60][61]
  • 13 Agusta: Sojojin gwamnati sun harba wani jirgin ruwa na ƴan gudun hijira da ke zuwa daga Nkomangano inda suka nutsar da shi tare da kashe fararen hula 40.[62]
  • 8 Satumba: ƴan tawaye sun kama tsibiran guda biyu, Mecungo da Vamizi, inda suka kashe mutum ɗaya.[63] ƴan tawayen sun kori dukkan mazauna yankin daga tsibiran, kuma suka ayyana su a matsayin wani ɓangare na yankinsu. Bugu da ƙari, sojojin ISIL sun ayyana Mocímboa da Praia a matsayin babban birnin lardin su.[64]
  • 24 Satumba: Sojojin Mozambique sun fatattaki harin ƴan tawaye kan ƙauyen Bilibiza.[65]
  • 26 Satumba: Mozambique ta nemi taimako daga Tarayyar Turai (EU) a yaƙin da take yi da tashe-tashen hankula.[66]
  • 26 Satumba: Mozambique ta yi ikirarin cewa tana da ikon Mocimboa da Praia, duk da cewa ba ta da wani kasancewa na zahiri a cikin birnin.[67] Bugu da ƙari, an bayar da rahoton cewa sojojin Mozambique sun sake kwato tsibirin yawon buɗe ido na Vamizi, kuma an bayar da rahoton cewa an sanya sojoji 50 a can.[67]
  • 29 Satumba: Hukumar Mozambique ta bayar da rahoton cewa an kai hare-hare huɗu na ƴan tawaye kan ƙauyukan Chai, Mucojo, Bilibiza, da Cagembe, inda aka kashe sama da mutane goma sha biyu. ƴan ta'addan sun kuma kai hari wani wurin tsaro a Naliendele, inda suka kashe fararen hula da dama da sojojin Mozambique biyu.[68]
  • 30 Satumba: An bayar da rahoton cewa Amurka ta nemi Zimbabwe da ta taimaka wa Mozambique wajen yaƙi da tashe-tashen hankula a Cabo Delgado, duk da cewa ta riga ta sanya takunkumi.[69]
  • 30 Satumba – 6 Oktoba: ƴan tawaye sun karɓi ikon gudanarwa na Mucojo da ƙauyuka da dama. Mazauna yankin sun gudu.[70]
Shugaba Filipe Nyusi ya ziyarci sojojin Mozambique a Cabo Delgado, Oktoba 2020
  • Wani lokaci a watan Oktoba, ƴan ta'addan ISCA sun kai hari sansanin sojoji a ƙauyen Kitaya, Tanzaniya, inda suka kama bindigar Kalashnikov da Galil ACE 21 mai sanye da na'urar hangen nesa na dare. An kuma lalata WZ-551 APC na Sin.[71]
  • 14 Oktoba: A harin farko mai girma a wajen Mozambique da ƴan ta'adda na gida suka kai, daruruwan membobin Islamic State da Ansar-al-Sunna sun kai hari wani ƙauye a Mtwara, Tanzaniya, inda suka kashe fararen hula 20 kuma suka lalata dukiya.[72]
  • 15–17 Oktoba: Jami'an tsaron Mozambique sun yi ikirarin cewa sun sake kwato yankin Awasse kuma sun kashe ƴan tawayen ISCAP sama da 270 ba tare da an kashe wani daga cikin nasu ba. An bayar da rahoton cewa an kama motocin manyan kaya bakwai masu ɗauke da makamai da kuma wasu ƴan ta'adda.[73] Duk da haka, ba a ba da hujja ba kuma wasu sun musanta wannan ikirari.[74]
  • 22 Oktoba: EU ta amince da taimakawa Mozambique wajen yaƙi da tashe-tashen hankula a Cabo Delgado.[75]
  • 28 Oktoba: Gwamnatin Mozambique ta bayar da rahoton cewa sojojin sun kama wasu ɓoyayyun wuraren ƴan tawaye a cikin daji kuma suna ci gaba a kan wani babban sansanin ƴan tawaye, mai suna "Syria", a Cabo Delgado.[76]
  • 30 Oktoba: Wani jirgin ruwa na ƴan gudun hijira mai ɗauke da ƴan gudun hijira 74 ya nutse kusa da Ilha Makalowe inda mutane 54 suka mutu.[62]
  • 1 Nuwamba: ƴan Islama sun kama Muidumbe.[77]
  • 6 Nuwamba: An bayar da rahoton cewa ƴan ta'adda sun fille kawunan mutane sama da 50 a wani hari a ƙauyen Muatide.[78]
  • 11 Nuwamba: Kafofin watsa labarai na gida a Mozambique sun bayar da rahoton cewa ƴan tawayen Islama sun kama garuruwa tara a cikin makonni biyu da suka gabata.[79] Haka kuma suna ci gaba a kan garin Mueda mai muhimmanci a dabarance.[80]
  • 12 Nuwamba: Hukumar Mozambique ta tsare ƴan ƙasar Iraqi 12 saboda zargin alaƙa da ƴan tawayen Islama bayan gano makamai da yawa da sauran kayan aiki a hannunsu.[81]
  • 14 Nuwamba: Kwamishinar Kare Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, Michelle Bachelet, ta yi kira da a dauki matakin kasa da kasa kan tashe-tashen hankula a Cabo Delgado.[82]
  • 17 Nuwamba: ƴan tawayen ISIL sun bayar da rahoton cewa sun yi barazanar kai hari garin Mueda, suna gargadin dukkan mazauna yankin da su kwashe yankin nan da 20 ga Nuwamba.[83] Bugu da ƙari, hukumar ƙaura ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta bayar da rahoton cewa mutane 33,000 sun rasa matsugunansu a cikin mako ɗaya kawai saboda tashe-tashen hankula.[84]
  • 19 Nuwamba: Sojojin Mozambique sama da 1,000 sun sake kama Muidumbe, inda suka kashe ƴan ta'adda 16.[85][86]
  • 22 Nuwamba: Mozambique da Tanzaniya sun sanar da ƙaddamar da haɗin gwiwar sojoji kan ƴan tawayen Islama a Cabo Delgado.[87]
  • 26 Nuwamba: ƴan tawaye sun sake kama Namacande, babban birnin gundumar Muidumbe, da Muatide.[88]
  • 2 Disamba: Shugaba Nyusi ya gana da wasu jami'an yaƙi da ta'addanci na Amurka don tattaunawa game da yaƙi da tashe-tashen hankula a Cabo Delgado[89]
  • 3 Disamba: Shugaban Malawi ya sanar da cewa za a tura sojoji daga Sojojin Tsaron Malawi zuwa Mozambique don taimakawa a ayyukan yaƙi da tashe-tashen hankula.[90]
  • 4 Disamba: ƴan ta'adda sun yi kwanton bauna ga ayarin sojojin Mozambique a ƙauyen Muidumbe, inda suka kashe sojoji 25 a cikin wata mummunar musayar wuta kafin su ja da baya cikin daji.[91]
  • 8 Disamba: Sojojin gwamnati sun yi ikirarin cewa sun sake kama ƙauyen Quissanga.[92]
  • 12 Disamba: ƴan tawaye sun yi harbi a gundumar Nangade. Suna tafiya da babur, maharan sun kashe fararen hula 14 kuma sun lalata motocin guda huɗu a cikin ƙauyukan Namiune, 25 de Setembro, Naleke, Chicuaia Nova, Litingina, da Lukuamba.[93]
  • 15 Disamba: Sojojin gwamnati sun kai hari Awasse amma ƴan tawaye sun tilasta musu ja da baya.[94]
  • 29 Disamba: ƴan ta'addan ISCAP sun kai hari ƙauyen Monjane, inda suka tilasta wa mazauna yankin guduwa.[95]

2021

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • 7 Janairu: ƴan ta'addan ISCAP sun kai hari ƙauyen bakin teku na Olumboa, gundumar Macomia. A can, sun kama fararen hula 13. Daga cikin waɗanda aka kama, biyu sun tsere kuma aƙalla bakwai ƴan tawayen sun fille musu kai.[96]
  • 16 Janairu: ƴan tawaye sun yi kwanton bauna ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa da ke tafiya daga Mueda zuwa Palma, inda mutane 5 suka mutu. A ranar guda, sojojin gwamnati sun ƙaddamar da aikin kai hari a Ntuleni, gundumar Palma, inda suka kashe ƴan tawaye da ba a san adadinsu ba, waɗanda kuma suke amfani da fararen hula a matsayin garkuwa.[97]
  • 19 Janairu: ƴan tawaye sun kai hari wata mota da ke ɗauke da gwangwanin man fetur zuwa Palma yayin da take ratsa Pundanhar, gundumar Palma. Wasu fasinjoji sun sami damar tserewa. ƴan tawaye sun kashe fararen hula uku kuma sun ƙone motar.[98]
  • 21 Janairu: Ƙaramin rukuni na ƴan tawaye sun kai hari ƙauyen Namiune, gundumar Nangade. Sun doke sannan suka fille kan shugaban ƙauyen kuma suka sace yara maza huɗu masu shekaru 10 zuwa 12.[99]
  • Haka kuma a ranar 21 ga Janairu: ƴan tawayen IS sun kai hari garin Mandimba, inda suka mamaye garin har zuwa ranar 26 ga Janairu. Yayin da suke cikin garin, an bayar da rahoton cewa ƴan tawayen sun kashe farar hula 1 da ƴan sanda 2 baya ga sace garin. A lokacin mamayar, ƴan ta'adda sun kashe fararen hula 3 a garin Namiune.[100]
  • 30 Janairu: A ranar 30 ga Janairu, ƴan ta'adda sun kai hari ƙauyen Nkonga, gundumar Nangade, gabas da iyakar Mocimboa da Praia. Ba a bayar da rahoton asarar rayuka ba tukuna daga harin, amma ƴan tawaye sun sace abinci kuma sun ƙone gidaje a ƙauyen. ƴan tawaye sun kuma dawo washegari kuma suka sabunta harin.[100]
  • Kwanan wata da ba a sani ba (Ƙarshen Janairu): An yi arangama tsakanin ƴan bindiga masu goyon bayan gwamnati da ƴan ta'addan IS a Panjele, gundumar Mocimboa da Praia, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar ƴan bindiga 3 masu goyon bayan gwamnati da kuma adadi da ba a sani ba na ƴan tawaye.[100]
  • A tsakiyar Fabrairu: jaridar gwamnati Notícias ta bayar da rahoton cewa matasa 6,294 ne kawai daga Cabo Delgado aka shigar da su cikin aikin soja a lokacin da ake yi na shigar da sojoji, wanda ke gudana daga farkon Janairu zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu. Manufar sojojin ita ce shigar da sabbin sojoji 14,952 daga lardin.[101]
  • 19 Fabrairu: ƴan tawaye sun kai hari ƙauyen Quionga a arewacin gundumar Palma kusa da iyakar Tanzaniya. A cewar wata majiya da Pinnacle News ta ruwaito, ƴan tawaye 30 ne suka shiga cikin harin kuma maharan sun zauna a garin har zuwa safiyar washegari. ƴan tawaye sun kashe mutane huɗu a Quionga, sun ƙone gidaje — ciki har da na shugaban gudanarwa na Quionga — kuma sun sace abinci a ƙauyen.[102]
  • 22 Fabrairu: ƴan ta'adda sun kai hari Ingalonga, gundumar Nangade, inda suka fille kan aƙalla mutane 2. A ranar guda, ƴan tawaye sun kuma kai hari Mitope, gundumar Mocimboa da Praia, inda suka fille kan maza 3 kuma suka yi garkuwa da mata 3, ɗaya daga cikinsu an sake ta daga baya.[103]
  • 25 Fabrairu: ƴan tawaye sun kai hari ƙauyen Luneque, gundumar Nangade, inda suka kashe aƙalla fararen hula 4 kuma suka tilasta wa wasu da dama guduwa.[103]
  • 26 Fabrairu: ƴan tawaye sun kai hari Quirinde, gundumar Palma, inda suka kashe mutane 7, 3 daga cikinsu an fille musu kai.[103]
  • 1 Maris: ƴan tawaye sun fara kafa shingayen bincike a tsakanin Nangade da Mueda. ƴan tawaye sun kuma kashe manoma fararen hula 2 kusa da ƙauyen Eduardo Mondlane, gabas da Litingina.[104]
  • 3 Maris: ƴan tawaye sun yi kwanton bauna ga wata motar sojoji da ke tafiya daga Nangade zuwa Mueda. Harin ya bar wani laftanar kanar ya mutu da wasu sojojin Mozambique biyu sun mutu. ƴan tawaye sun kuma kai hari ƙauyen N'gangolo, inda suka kashe fararen hula 2.[104]
  • 10 Maris: ƴan bindigar Mozambique sun kashe ƴan tawaye 8 a gundumar Nangade.[105]
  • 16 Maris: Save The Children ta bayar da rahoton cewa an fille kan yara ƙanana masu shekaru 11.[106]
  • A tsakiyar Maris: Garin Palma yana karkashin killacewa daga ƴan tawaye ta hanyar katse hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki musamman abinci. Hukumar Mozambique ta yi amfani da jigilar jirgin sama don jigilar kayayyaki zuwa garin.[107][108]
  • A ƙarshen Maris: Amurka ta tura sojojin musamman na Green Berets don horar da sojojin ruwa na Mozambique.[109][110]
  • Tun daga 24 Maris, ƴan ta'addan ISIL sun kai wani babban hari kan garin Palma, bayan rasa sadarwa daga garin. ƴan ta'adda sun fara kai hari ofishin ƴan sanda sannan suka ci gaba da sace bankunan garin. Wata majiyar sojoji a Palma ta ce 'sojojin gwamnati sun yi turjiya amma sai suka gudu' saboda ƴan ta'addan suna amfani da 'manyan makamai da ba su taɓa gani ba a da'. An kuma kai hari kan gine-ginen zama, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula da yawa.[111][112][113] A ranar 27 ga Maris, rana ta huɗu na killacewa a garin, an kashe wasu mutane da dama daga ƴan ta'adda. An kashe fararen hula a kan tituna da a cikin gidajensu; an fille kan wasu daga cikin waɗanda aka kashe. An kuma kai hari kan wani aikin iskar gas, kuma an kashe ma'aikata. Kimanin ƴan ƙasashen waje 200 sun gudu zuwa wani otal na gida don kare kansu, amma ƴan ta'addan sun kai hari wurin. Wani ayarin sojojin Mozambique ya isa wurin don ceto ƴan ƙasashen waje, amma an kai musu hari. An tabbatar da kashe wani mutumin Afirka ta Kudu da kuma wani ɗan kwangilar farar hula na Birtaniya a cikin wannan harin, tare da sojoji 21 da suka mayar da martani da kuma wasu mutane da dama waɗanda ba a san asalin su ba tukuna.[114][115]
Ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen da aka lalata a lokacin yaƙin Palma
  • 5 Afrilu: Sojojin Mozambique sun sake kama Palma, kodayake yawancin garin sun lalace a cikin yaƙin. ƴan tawaye suna nan a yankunan da ke waje kuma yaƙin yana ci gaba.
  • 8 Afrilu: ƴan tawaye bakwai sun shiga ƙauyen Novo Cabo Delgado, a arewa maso yammacin gundumar Macomia. Sun sace abinci da sauran kayayyaki daga ƙauyen. Yayin da suka tashi, membobin wani ƴan bindiga na gida sun yi musu kwanton bauna. A cikin musayar wuta da ta biyo baya, membobin ƴan bindiga sun kashe ƴan tawaye uku. An kashe ɗaya daga cikin membobin ƴan bindiga kuma an raunata wani.[116]
  • 11 Afrilu: An sami wani farar hula da ya rasa matsugunansa an fille masa kai a gidansa a Palma, bayan gano babban wurin ajiye abinci a ranar da ta gabata.[116]
  • 19 Afrilu: Fararen hula sun gano gawarwakin samari 3 a Palma, suna cewa sojojin Mozambique ne suka kashe su waɗanda ke binciken garin don neman ƴan tawaye.[117]
  • 22 Afrilu: Sojojin Mozambique sun kashe direban tasi a Pemba bayan rashin fahimta wanda ya sa sojojin suka yi imani cewa direban tasi ɗan tawaye ne.[117]
  • 23 Afrilu: An kashe fararen hula 5 kuma an ƙone gidaje 7 bayan ƴan tawaye sun kai hari wani gundumar Palma.[117]
  • 30 Afrilu: Rahotannin sabbin arangama tsakanin sojojin Mozambique da ƴan tawaye a Palma sun fara bayyana bayan ƴan tawaye sun ƙone ƙarin gine-gine a garin, a kwanakin baya, a yunƙurin tilasta wa sojojin Mozambique fita. An sake yanke sabis na waya daga garin, wanda ya sa sadarwa ta zama da wahala. Haka kuma an gano ƴan tawaye a Quiuia, arewacin Palma. A ranar guda, ƴan tawaye sun fille kan masunta 5 kusa da garin Pangane.[118]
  • 3 Mayu: An kashe fararen hula 7 da suka rasa matsugunansu daga Palma kuma an kashe wasu da dama bayan ƴan tawaye sun nutsar da jiragen ruwa biyu masu ɗauke da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a bakin tekun Ilha Mucongwe.[119]
  • 7 Mayu: ƴan tawaye 5 ne suka kashe ƴan bindiga na gida bayan ƴan tawaye sun ƙaddamar da hari da bai yi nasara ba a Ngalonga, a kudu maso gabashin gundumar Nangade.[119]
  • 15 Mayu: ƴan tawaye a tsibirin Quifula a tsibirin Quirimba (Ibo, Cabo Delgado) sun kashe wani masunta.[120]
  • 21 Mayu: An bayar da rahoton cewa sojojin gwamnati sun sake kama Diaca da Namacunde.[121]
  • 22 Mayu: An yi faɗa tsakanin sojojin gwamnati da ƴan tawaye a ƙananan Palma, ƴan tawaye sun ƙone gidaje 14 da wani masallaci a ƙananan Palma. Ba a sami tabbaci ba game da asarar rayuka.[122]
  • 4 Yuni: Sojojin gwamnati sun fatattaki harin ƴan tawaye kan Namacunde.[123]
  • 12 Yuni: Wata ƙungiyar masu sa ido da aka naɗa kai ta yi yunƙurin fuskantar wasu ƴan tawaye da suka rage da adduna a arewacin Palma. Bayan sun isa wurin ƴan tawaye, an harbe 3 daga cikin masu sa idon.[124]
  • 12 Yuni: An fille kan fararen hula 7 a cikin gonaki a wajen ƙauyen Litamanda, a arewacin gundumar Macomia. ƴan bindiga na gida sun bayyana cewa sojojin Mozambique ne suka kashe su bayan an ga sojojin Mozambique da jini a kan tufafinsu a kusa. ƴan bindigar sun kuma bayyana cewa sun sace dukiyar fararen hula kuma sun fille musu kai don su sa ya zama kamar sakamakon harin ƴan tawaye ne.[124]
  • 15 Yuni: An gano gawarwakin fararen hula 7 da suka mutu kusa da Novo Cabo Delgado, gundumar Macomia. Ba a san wanda ya kashe su ba.[124]
  • 16 Yuni: ƴan ta'addan IS sun nemi kuɗin fansa na dalar Amurka miliyan 1 don dawo da lafiya na ɗan ƙasar Indiya kuma ɗan kasuwa, Vinod Beniwal, wanda IS ta sace a lokacin Yaƙin Palma, a Maris 2021.[125]
  • 17 Yuni: Sojojin Mozambique sun kai hari ƙauyen Quitunda, kudu da Palma. Sojojin sun sace garin kuma sun sace dukiyar fararen hula.[124]
  • 19 Yuni: ƴan tawaye sun kai hari ƙauyen Nova Cabo Delgado, inda suka sace ƙauyen kuma suka kashe fararen hula 8. Da zarar sun bar garin, ƴan bindiga na gida sun yi musu kwanton bauna. An kashe ƴan tawaye 5 a cikin musayar wuta.[124]
  • 23 Yuni: ISIS ta kai hari kan wuraren sojojin Mozambique a Patacua, kudu da Quitunda a gundumar Palma. Aƙalla soja ɗaya na Mozambique an kashe kuma ƴan ta'addan sun kama makamai da yawa. Hukumar Amaq News Agency mai alaƙa da IS ta yi ikirarin cewa harin ya haifar da mutuwar sojojin Mozambique 15.[126]
  • Ƙarshen Yuni: An ci gaba da arangama tsakanin ƴan tawaye da sojojin Mozambique a Palma, wanda ya tilasta wa sojojin Mozambique barin ɗaya daga cikin barikin su.[127]
  • 2 Yuli: ƴan tawaye sun kai hari ƙauyen Namande, inda suka kashe fararen hula 7 da ƴan bindiga na Mozambique 3.[128] Haka kuma a ranar 2 ga Yuli, jami'an ISIS sun kai hari garin Diaca, inda suka kashe ɗaya daga cikin ƴan sandan Mozambique kuma suka kama motocin jigilar sojoji guda biyu na ƴan sanda.[127]
Sojojin Botswana suna hawa jirgin saman Sojojin Tsaron Botswana zuwa Mozambique, Yuli 2021
  • 10 Yuli: Mata 9 da aka raba da muhallinsu saboda faɗa kusa da Palma sun nutse bayan jiragensu sun nutse kusa da tsibirin Ilha Vamize.[126]
  • 13 Yuli: Sojojin Mozambique sun kashe ƴan tawaye 15 da ake zargi da yunƙurin shiga Tanzaniya. Ba a san ko waɗanda aka kashe ɗin ƴan tawaye ne ba.[126]
  • 14 Yuli: ISIS ta yi ikirarin kai hari kan ƙauyen Ncumbi, inda aka kashe fararen hula 4.[126]
  • 15 Yuli: ƴan tawaye sun kai hari ƙauyen Congresso, arewacin garin Macomia. An kashe fararen hula shida a harin.[126]
  • 15 Yuli: Ƙungiyar Raya Ƙasashe ta Kudancin Afirka (SADC) ta tura sojojin SAMIM (Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique).[129]
  • Tsakiyar Yuli: An tura sojojin Rwanda a lardin Cabo Delgado a cikin rahotannin cewa sojojin Mozambique suna shirin ƙaddamar da mamayar bakin teku a yankunan lardin da ƴan tawaye ke riƙe da su.[126]
  • 17 Yuli: ƴan tawaye sun kai hari ƙauyen Mitope, a arewa maso yammacin gundumar Mocimboa da Praia. An fille kan farar hula ɗaya a harin.[126] A ranar guda, ƴan tawaye sun kai hari ƙauyen Nampanha, gundumar Muidumbe, inda suka kashe fararen hula biyu.[130]
  • 18 Yuli: Jami'an ISIL sun kai hari ƙauyen Mandava, inda suka yi arangama da ƴan bindiga na Mozambique, inda suka kashe 2 daga cikinsu.[131]
  • 19 Yuli: ƴan tawaye sun kai hari ƙauyen Namande, inda suka kashe fararen hula 3. An kuma kashe wasu fararen hula biyu a harin kan Nampanha. A ranar guda, wani jirgin ruwa mai ɗauke da kayayyaki zuwa ga mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a Pemba ya nutse a bakin tekun Mozambique, inda fararen hula 12 suka mutu.[130]
  • 20 Yuli: Sojojin Rwanda da ƴan tawaye sun yi arangama a ƙauyen Quionga, arewacin Palma. An kashe ƴan tawaye 30 a cikin arangamar.[130]
  • 24 Yuli: Sojojin Rwanda sun kashe ƴan tawaye 4 a wata arangama a garin Awasse. Ba a san adadin asarar rayuka na Rwanda ba.[131]
  • 26 Yuli: Sojojin gwamnati sun sake kama Awasse.[132] An bayar da rahoton cewa an kashe ƴan tawaye uku kuma soja ɗaya na Rwanda ya ji rauni.[131]

2022

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • 2 Janairu: Mayakan ISIS sun kai hari a kauyen Kirista na Nofa Zambizia a gundumar Macomia, inda suka kashe fararen hula guda uku.[133]
  • 7 Janairu: Mayakan ISIS sun kai hari kauyen Nashi Bandi, inda suka kashe mayaƙan sa-kai Kiristoci guda biyu kuma suka ƙone gidaje fiye da 30. A wannan rana, ISIS ta ce ita ce ta kai hari a kauyen Ikomila a yankin Mueda, inda aka kashe mayaƙin sa-kai guda ɗaya kuma aka ƙone gine-gine da dama.[134]
  • 8 Janairu: ISIS ta ɗauki alhakin harin da aka kai kauyen Alberto Chipande a gundumar Mueda, inda aka kashe farar hula guda ɗaya da mayaƙin sa-kai guda ɗaya wanda ke hutu.[135]
  • 11 Janairu: 'Yan tawaye sun kashe wani mai kamun kifi bayan kai hari a tsibirin Ilha Quilhaule da ke wajen gabar Ibo.[135]
  • 12 Janairu: 'Yan tawaye sun kai hari a Luneke, gundumar Nangane, inda suka kashe fararen hula uku sannan suka tsere da babur.[135]
  • 13 Janairu: SADC ta bayyana tsawaita wani samame na soji na wata uku da ke kai hare-hare kan sansanonin 'yan tawayen a Cabo Delgado, inda aka kashe 'yan tawaye 31 kuma aka kwace bindigu da dama.[135]
  • 15 Janairu: Mayakan ISIS sun kama mayaƙan sa-kai guda uku daga Nova Zambezia sannan suka sare kawunansu.[136]
  • 23 Janairu: 'Yan tawaye sun kai hari a kauyen Limualamuala, inda suka sare fararen hula uku sannan suka ƙone wasu gine-gine.[137]
  • 26 Janairu: 'Yan tawaye sun kai hari a kauyen Nova Zambezia a gundumar Macomia, inda suka sare farar hula guda ɗaya.[138]
  • 27 Janairu: 'Yan tawaye sun kai hari a kauyen Mitambo a gabashin gundumar Meluco, inda suka sare farar hula guda ɗaya.[138]
  • 28 Janairu: 'Yan tawaye sun kai hari a kauyen Iba a gundumar Meluco, inda suka kashe akalla fararen hula 6. Daga baya sun kai hari a kauyen Muaguide, inda suka kashe wasu fararen hula 8. ISIS ta ɗauki alhakin harin.[138]
  • 29 Janairu: Sojojin Rwanda da Mozambique sun kai farmaki kan 'yan tawaye a kusa da Naquitengue a kudancin gundumar Mocimboa da Praia, inda suka kashe mutane biyu ciki har da wani shugaban 'yan tawaye mai suna 'Twahili Mwidini'.[138]
  • 31 Janairu: 'Yan tawaye sun kai hari a kauyen Olumboa da ke gabar gundumar Macomia, inda suka kashe farar hula guda ɗaya. ISIS ta ɗauki alhakin harin.[139]
  • 1 Faburairu: 'Yan tawaye sun kai hari a kauyukan gabar ruwa na Ilha Matemo da Matemo. Sun iso da jirgin ruwa kuma suka kashe fararen hula uku. ISIS ta ɗauki alhakin harin.[139]
  • 5 Faburairu: 'Yan tawaye sun kai hare-hare a yankunan da ke tsakanin garin Macomia da Pemba. Sun yi kwanton-bauna ga masu farauta, suka kashe 4, suka kwashe abincinsu. Sannan sun kai hari a kauyen Rafique, inda suka sare farar hula guda ɗaya. A rana ɗaya, sun kai hari ga rundunar soja ta Mozambique a kusa da Nova Zambezia, inda aka kashe 'yan tawaye 5 da soja guda ɗaya.[139]
  • 7 Faburairu: 'Yan tawaye sun kai hari a kauyen Namuembe, kudu da Nangade, inda suka kashe farar hula guda ɗaya. Mayaƙan sa-kai daga Mozambique sun kai musu kwanton-bauna, inda aka kashe 'yan tawaye 7 da mayaƙan sa-kai 4.[140]
  • 6–8 Faburairu: Sojojin gwamnati sun sake karɓar kauyukan Nihca de Rovuma da Pundanhar, inda 'yan jihadi suka kafa sansaninsu.[141]
  • 10 Faburairu: Mayaƙan sa-kai na Mozambique sun kama wani dan tawaye a kusa da Namuembe, wanda ya bayyana inda sansanin 'yan tawaye ke kusa da Nangade, kuma mafi yawansu daga Tanzania ne. Daga bisani, mayaƙan sa-kai sun kai musu farmaki, inda aka kashe 'yan tawaye 6.[140]
  • 6 Satumba: 'Yan tawaye sun kai hari a wani coci Katolika a Chipene, a cikin Diocese na Nacala, inda suka kashe wata ɗiyar cocin Katolika mai suna Maria de Coppi.[142]
  • 7 Satumba: Bayan harin da aka kai Chipene, 'yan tawayen suka sake kai hari a wasu kauyuka kusa da can, inda suka kashe akalla Kiristoci uku.[4]
  • 30 Nuwamba: SAMIM ta ce an kashe fiye

2023

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • 8 Agusta: Mayakan ISIS sun kai hari kan wani sansanin sojojin Mozambique, inda suka kashe sojojin Mozambique guda 7. Akalla bindigogi masu linzami 50 ne aka kwace daga hannun sojojin Mozambique. [143]
  • 25 Agusta: Rundunar sojin Mozambique ta kashe Bonomade Machude Omar, wanda aka fi sani da Abu Sulayfa Muhammad ko Ibn Omar, tare da wasu mutane biyu. Amurka ta ayyana Omar a matsayin shugaban 'yan ta'addan ISIS-Mozambique a watan Agustan 2021. Shi ne ya jagoranci hare-hare a yankin Cabo Delgado, da kuma harin otal a garin Palma a watan Maris 2021, da kuma yakin Palma. [144]
  • 15 Satumba: Yan tawayen sun kutsa cikin kauyen Naquitengue, kusa da Mocimboa da Praia. Bayan sun tattara mazauna kauyen, sun raba su sannan suka kashe Kiristoci 11. [145]

2024

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • 21 Janairu: Mayakan IS sun mamaye garin Mucojo a gundumar Macomia bayan sojojin Mozambik sun kashe fararen hula da dama kusa da garin.[146]
  • 30 Janairu: Mayakan IS sun kai kwanton bauna ga wani sintirin sojojin Mozambik a kan hanyar dake tsakanin Mazeze da Mecúfi a gundumar Mecúfi, inda suka kashe aƙalla sojoji 8 tare da lalata motoci 4. IS ta fitar da hotunan harin daga bisani.[147]
  • 31 Janairu: Rundunar sojin Mozambik ta sake karɓe garin Mucojo a gabar teku na Macomia ba tare da wani fada ba.[148]
  • 9 Fabrairu: Mayakan IS sun kai hari ga sansanin sojojin Mozambik a garin Mucojo inda suka kashe sojoji 25.[148]
  • 16 Fabrairu: Mayakan IS sun mamaye garin Quissanga.[149]
  • 3 Maris: Mayakan IS sun kwace tsibirin Quirimba inda suka kashe jami'an tsaro aƙalla 2.[150] Yawancin mazauna yankin sun tsere zuwa birnin Pemba.[150]
  • 24 Maris: Dakarun gwamnati sun sake karɓe garin Quissanga da tsibirin Quirimba bayan mayakan IS sun janye daga yankin.[151]
  • 30 Mayu: Dakarun gwamnati tare da sojojin Ruwanda sun ce sun kashe mayakan IS kimanin 50 zuwa 70 a gundumar Mocímboa da Praia, a lardin Cabo Delgado.[152][153]
  • 17 Satumba: Harin haɗin guiwar dakarun Ruwanda da Mozambik a wani sansanin mayaka da ke Quiterajo ya kashe mayakan IS guda 5.[154]
  • 25 Satumba: Dakarun Ruwanda da Mozambik sun sake karɓe garin Mucojo inda suka kashe mayakan IS 10 tare da kama guda 4.[155]

2025

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • 18 Fabrairu: 'Yan ta'addan Daular Musulunci sun yi yunkurin mamaye garin Litamanda a gundumar Macomia, amma dakarun gida sun kori 'yan ta'addan tare da kashe biyu daga cikinsu, in ji Cabo Ligado.[156]
  • 19 Fabrairu: Daular Musulunci ta kai hari wani ƙauye da ke arewacin garin Macomia, inda suka yi fashi, kona gidaje, kuma suka kashe fararen hula biyu. Wani majiya daga yankin ya ce an tura abincin da aka sace daga yammacin Macomia ta dajin Catupa domin tallafawa 'yan ta'addan da ke bakin teku.[156]
  • 20 Fabrairu: Daular Musulunci ta kashe aƙalla dakarun soja biyu a wani hari da suka kai wani sansanin sojoji a gundumar Quissanga. Majiyoyi daga yankin sun shaida wa gidan yanar gizon labaran Mozambik, Moz24h, cewa 'yan ta'addan sun ja da baya kafin su kutsa cikin yankunan zama.[156]
  • 29 Afrilu: Mayakan ISIS sun kashe masu gadin dajin biyu a yankin Niassa, arewacin Mozambik.[157]
  • 4 Mayu: Daular Musulunci ta yi iƙirarin kashe sojojin Rwanda guda uku, kuma mayakan sun nuna bindigogi biyu na IWI ACE 32 da suka kwace.[158]
  • 10 Mayu: Daular Musulunci ta ce sun kai hari kan sansanin dakarun gwamnati kusa da kauyen Miangalewa a gundumar Muidumbe na lardin Cabo Delgado, inda suka kashe sojoji 11, yayinda wasu rahotanni suka ce adadin ya kai 18.[159]
  • 29 Mayu: Harin da mayakan ISIS suka kai wani sansanin soja a Macomia ya yi sanadin mutuwar sojojin Mozambik da dama, yayin da sojojin ISIS fiye da 10 suka mutu.[160]

Rikicin 'Yan Tawaye a Matsayin Barazana ga Teku

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A shekarar 2011, yankin Arewacin Mozambique ya ja hankalin duniya sosai lokacin da aka gano manyan rijiyoyin iskar gas a teku masu dauke da iskar gas kimanin cubic mita biliyan 425.[161] Da nufin zama babban ɗan wasa a fannin makamashi na duniya, gwamnatin Mozambique ta bai wa yankin fifiko wajen jawo hankalin tattalin arziki kuma ta tura sojojinta don tabbatar da tsaron jarin da aka tsara.[162][163] Ayyukan kasashen waje sun hada da jarin dala biliyan 30 na kamfanin Exxon Mobil na Amurka da kuma dala biliyan 20 da ake sa ran za a samu daga Total Energies.[164] Duk da cewa Total Energies ta bayyana cewa za su dakatar da jarin su don sake tantance halin tsaro a Arewacin Mozambique, shirin EU na rage shigo da iskar gas daga Rasha ya sa aikin ya fi yiwuwa.[165]

Ana kallon ayyukan ta'addanci a matsayin haɗari ga saka hannun jari na LNG na duniya, tare da damuwa game da sace ma'aikatan kasashen waje.[166] Sai dai, al'ummomin bakin teku da wuraren shakatawa na teku ma sune abin da ayyukan tashin hankali ke hari: a shekarar 2021, an kai hari garin Palma, inda aka kashe fararen hula da dama.[167] An kuma kai hari kan kayayyakin more rayuwa na teku, inda aka kwace muhimmin tashar jiragen ruwa na Mocimboa da Praia.[168]

Ana iya danganta hare-hare kan kayayyakin more rayuwa na teku ga karuwar rashin daidaiton zamantakewa.[169] Cin zarafin albarkatun kasa na yankin, ciki har da rijiyoyin iskar gas na teku, yana jefa al'ummar yankin cikin hadari, yayin da suke fuskantar korarsu da kuma samun kudi kadan zuwa yankin saboda yawan cin hanci da rashawa. Konfliktu a yankin an yi amfani da su wajen tsattsauran ra'ayi na matasa maza, saboda halin tattalin arziki mai rauni da kuma warewar siyasa na al'ummar yankin.[169][170]

Idan aka yi la'akari da karuwar ayyukan tashin hankali da kuma karuwar jami'an soji, tashin hankali zai iya karuwa yayin da cin zarafin tattalin arziki na yankin ke ci gaba. Wannan kuma yana barazana ga muhallin teku na yankin. Rikicin da ke faruwa a kasa yana shiga cikin teku, yana haifar da yanayi mara lafiya ga saka hannun jari a teku.[171] Domin Arewacin Mozambique babban cibiyar fataucin miyagun kwayoyi ne na kasa da kasa, rashin shugabanci a kasa da teku yana saukaka safarar heroin a teku.[172]

Mummunan halin tsaro ya haifar da kokarin kasa da kasa daban-daban don tallafa wa karfin teku na Mozambique da tabbatar da tsaro tare da bakin teku. Rasha ta tura Wagner Group, wata kungiyar tsaro mai zaman kanta da ke da alaka da gwamnatin Rasha[173] a Arewacin Mozambique amma ta kasa tallafa wa ayyukan yaki da 'yan tawaye kuma ta janye a shekarar 2020.[174] An yi zargin cewa Rundunar Rasha ce ta taimaka wa Wagner Group, duk da cewa ba a tabbatar da hakan a hukumance ba.[175] Mozambique ta kulla yarjejeniya da Italiya don horar da sojojinta na ruwa,[176] yayin da Portugal, tsohuwar ikon mallaka, ta ba kasar jiragen ruwa masu sauri.[177] Bugu da kari, Mozambique da Indiya suna hadin gwiwa kan al'amuran tsaron ruwa, tare da Indiya tana taimakawa wajen ci gaban kayayyakin more rayuwa na ruwa na kasar da horar da ma'aikata.[178] Bugu da kari, Afirka ta Kudu ta tura jiragen ruwa masu sintiri, kuma Rwanda ta kara kasancewarta tare da bakin teku.[179] A halin yanzu, UNODC tana taimaka wa karfin sojojin ruwa na Mozambique ta hanyar horar da sojojin ruwa na kasar, Hukumar Kula da Ruwa, da jami'an tabbatar da doka na ruwa, ta haka ne za a inganta wayar da kai kan yankin da tsaron tashar jiragen ruwa.[180] Sai dai, horar da karfin jami'an tabbatar da doka kawai yana da cece-kuce, domin cin hanci da rashawa, cin zarafin iko da kuma hannu a cikin tattalin arzikin da ba bisa ka'ida ba yana da yawa a cikin hukumomin gwamnati na Mozambique.[181][182]

  1. ↑ "Mozambique: Islamist Raids Continuing in Mocimboa Da Praia". AllAfrica.com. 5 December 2017. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  2. ↑ "Alleged Islamist base shelled near Mocimboa da Praia – By Joseph Hanlon". clubofmozambique.com. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  3. ↑ "População captura supostos membros do grupo armado que atacou Mocímboa da Praia". Verdade.co.mz. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 ACN (2022-10-06). "Terrorists slit the throats of three Christians". ACN International (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-11-21.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named extremist threat
  6. ↑ "Mocímboa da Praia: problema com ataques controlado?". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  7. ↑ Tulet, Amélie (13 April 2021). "Crise au Mozambique: "l'insurrection au Cabo Delgado a des racines locales et anciennes"". RFI. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  8. ↑ "ISS Today: Mozambique's first Islamist attacks shock the region – Daily Maverick". Dailymaverick.co.za. 27 October 2017. Archived from the original on 19 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  9. ↑ "Mozambique: Mocimboa DA Praia – 52 People Arrested". AllAfrica.com. 12 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Mozambique's first Islamist attacks shock the region – ISS Africa". ISS Africa. 27 October 2017. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  11. ↑ https://ptwww.radiovaticanaabola.va/news/2017pt/11Africa/03Noticias/moçambique_detidos_mais_de_100_radicaisVer/1346801699620 [dead link]
  12. ↑ "Mozambique closes three mosques after deadly attacks". Businesslive.co.za. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  13. ↑ Júnior, Francisco. "Mais um ataque em Mocimboa da Praia". Voaportugues.com. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  14. ↑ "Authorities name 2 Mozambican men suspected leaders of Mocímboa attacks; link them to Tanzania, Sudan, Saudi Arabia". Clubofmozambique.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-26.
  15. ↑ ""Ataques em Mocímboa da Praia expõem a fragilidade do Estado Moçambicano"". M.dw.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  16. ↑ "Mozambique cracks down on Tanzanians accused of terrorism". businesslive.co.za. Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  17. ↑ "Mozambique". Archived from the original on 2018-01-02. Retrieved 2018-01-01.
  18. ↑ "Police classify attacks in north Mozambique as terrorism – Xinhua – English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  19. ↑ "Novo ataque de grupo armado faz cinco mortos no nordeste de Moçambique". 15 January 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-01-16. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  20. ↑ DGA. "PRM desconhece suposto grupo terrorista fixado em Cabo Delgado e que apela para violência através de vídeo nas redes sociais". verdade.co.mz. Archived from the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  21. ↑ "Grupo armado ataca aldeia no norte de Moçambique – África 21 Digital". África 21 Digital (in Harshen Potugis). 2018-03-14. Archived from the original on 2018-03-24. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
  22. ↑ Notícias, MMO (2018-03-23). "População abandona aldeia por medo de ataques armados – MMO". MMO Notícias (in Harshen Potugis). Archived from the original on 2018-06-11. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
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  25. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named confirm
  26. ↑ "Mozambique 'jihadists behead' villagers". BBC News. 29 May 2018. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
  27. ↑ Sterling, Joe (9 June 2018). "US Embassy warns of 'imminent attacks' in Mozambique". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 June 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 DGA. "Al Shabaab moçambicano mata mais 12 civis em Cabo Delgado; Presidente Nyusi mudo". @Verdade Online (in Harshen Potugis). Archived from the original on 2018-06-10. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  29. ↑ "Attackers hack seven to death in Mozambique". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-06. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  30. ↑ AfricaNews. "At least 7 killed in machete attack in Mozambique, police say". Africanews (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2018-06-08. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  31. ↑ "Captured insurgents will be presented publicly". Club of Mozambique. 6 February 2019. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  32. ↑ AFP (8 February 2019). "Suspected jihadists kill 7 in north Mozambique". News24. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  33. ↑ Joaquim Nhamirre (29 May 2019). "Mozambique islamists step up attacks after cyclone". AFP. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  34. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IS first attack
  35. ↑ Sirwan Kajjo; Salem Solomon (7 June 2019). "Is IS Gaining Foothold in Mozambique?". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  36. ↑ "Seven killed in Mozambique jihadist attack claimed by IS: sources". Business Standard India. 6 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
  37. ↑ "Russian military hardware delivered to Mozambique". 27 September 2019. Retrieved 1 Nov 2019.
  38. ↑ "Military & Defense – Russia, Mozambique to step up military-technical cooperation". TASS. Archived from the original on 2018-04-11. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  39. ↑ ""War 'declared'": Report on latest military operations in Mocimboa da Praia and Macomia – Carta". Club of Mozambique. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  40. ↑ "Mozambique: Police detain 34 alleged recruits of armed groups". Club of Mozambique. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  41. ↑ Sauer, Pjotr (31 October 2019). "7 Kremlin-Linked Mercenaries Killed in Mozambique in October — Sources". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  42. ↑ "Newspaper home delivery, website, iPad, iPhone & Android apps". Subscribe to The Australian. November 2019. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
  43. ↑ Sof, Eric (2019-11-01). "Seven Russian contractors from Wagner Group killed in an ambush in Mozambique". Spec Ops Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
  44. ↑ "Jihadists seize Mozambique town in gas-rich region". BBC News (in Turanci). 2020-03-23. Retrieved 2020-03-23.
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  47. ↑ "Mozambique: Quissanga Attack – Police Command Seized, Residents Flee". allAfrica.com (in Turanci). 2020-03-26. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
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  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 Mucari, Manuel; Toyana, Mfuneko (28 April 2020). McCool, Grant (ed.). "Mozambique forces killed over 100 Islamist insurgents in past month: government". Reuters.
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  56. ↑ "Vila de Mocímboa da Praia com cenário de "grande destruição" após ataques". 30 June 2020.
  57. ↑ "Gulf of Aden Security Review – July 27, 2020". 27 July 2020.
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  64. ↑ "ISIS take over luxury islands popular among A-list celebrities". News.com.au. 18 September 2020.
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  76. ↑ "Mozambique army advances on key militia base: govt". 29 October 2020.
  77. ↑ "Gulf of Aden Security Review – November 2, 2020". Critical Threats.
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  81. ↑ Vieira, Arnaldo (15 November 2020). "Mozambique Detains 12 Iraqis for Supporting Insurgents". allAfrica.com.
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  89. ↑ "Mozambique: U.S. Counter-Terrorism Official Meets With Nyusi". allAfrica.com. 4 December 2020.
  90. ↑ Reporter, Nyasa Times (4 December 2020). "Malawi Set to Send Troops to Fight Islamists in Mozambique Mid-Month". allafrica.com.
  91. ↑ "Jihadists kill 25 soldiers in Mozambique's restive north". The Citizen. 5 December 2020.
  92. ↑ "Gulf of Aden Security Review". 9 December 2020.
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  100. ↑ 100.0 100.1 100.2 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 25–31 January 2021". 3 February 2021. Text "ACLED" ignored (help)
  101. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 8–14 February 2021". 18 February 2021. Text "ACLED" ignored (help)
  102. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 15–21 February 2021". 24 February 2021. Text "ACLED" ignored (help)
  103. ↑ 103.0 103.1 103.2 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 22–28 February 2021". Cabo Ligado.
  104. ↑ 104.0 104.1 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 1–7 March 2021". Cabo Ligado.
  105. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 8–14 March 2021". Cabo Ligado.
  106. ↑ "Mozambique militants beheading children as young as age 11, Save the Children says". ABC News. Reuters. 16 March 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  107. ↑ "Africa File: Islamic State overruns northern Mozambique port". Critical Threats.
  108. ↑ "Mozambique: Disturbances At Food Distribution in Palma". allAfrica.com. 19 March 2021.
  109. ↑ "Mozambique conflict: Why are US forces there?". BBC News. 21 Mar 2021. Retrieved 22 Mar 2021.
  110. ↑ "US deploys Green Berets to defeat ISIS-linked insurgents accused of beheading children on a new front in southern Africa". 20 Mar 2021. Retrieved 22 Mar 2021 – via www.businessinsider.com.
  111. ↑ "Mozambique: Palma under attack today – By Joseph Hanlon". Mozambique.
  112. ↑ "Mozambique: Armed group attacks town near gas project". www.aljazeera.com.
  113. ↑ Reed, Ed (25 March 2021). "Mozambique attack undermines Total return plans – News for the Oil and Gas Sector".
  114. ↑ "Several South Africans feared dead in attacks on Mozambique gas project". TimesLIVE.
  115. ↑ Town, Jane Flanagan, Cape (27 March 2021). "Islamist rebels kill dozens in attack on Mozambique gas project" – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
  116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 5–11 April 2021". Cabo Ligado.
  117. ↑ 117.0 117.1 117.2 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 19–25 April 2021".
  118. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 26 April-2 May 2021".
  119. ↑ 119.0 119.1 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 3–9 May 2021". Cabo Ligado.
  120. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 10–23 May 2021".
  121. ↑ Mozambique: Defence Forces re-occupy Diaca and Namacunde – AIM report, 24 May 2021
  122. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 24–30 May 2021".
  123. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 31 May-6 June 2021". Cabo Ligado.
  124. ↑ 124.0 124.1 124.2 124.3 124.4 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 14–20 June 2021". Cabo Ligado.
  125. ↑ Service, Tribune News. "Kin of Panipat man held by Mozambique terrorists in despair". Tribuneindia News Service.
  126. ↑ 126.0 126.1 126.2 126.3 126.4 126.5 126.6 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 12–18 July 2021". Cabo Ligado.
  127. ↑ 127.0 127.1 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 5–11 July 2021".
  128. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 28 June-4 July 2021".
  129. ↑ "Southern African Development Community :: SADC Executive Secretary presents instruments of authority for Standby Force Deployment Mission to Mozambique". www.sadc.int.
  130. ↑ 130.0 130.1 130.2 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 19–25 July 2021". Cabo Ligado.
  131. ↑ 131.0 131.1 131.2 "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 26 July-1 August". Cabo Ligado.
  132. ↑ Mozambican, Rwandan troops overrun major insurgents base in Cabo Delgado, 27 July 2021
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  137. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Weekly: 17–23 January". CaboLigado.com.
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  146. ↑ Zitamar News (2024-01-24). "Insurgents seize key Cabo Delgado village from Mozambique military".
  147. ↑ Zitamar News (2024-02-02). "At least two soldiers killed in insurgent ambush near Pemba".
  148. ↑ 148.0 148.1 "Mozambique: Terrorists kill 25 Mozambican soldiers in Cabo Delgado – AIM".
  149. ↑ Terrorists occupy Quissanga town, 18 Fabrairu 2024
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  153. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Update: 27 May-23 June 2024". acled. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  154. ↑ "Cabo Ligado Update: 16-29 September 2024". ACLED. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
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  156. ↑ 156.0 156.1 156.2 "ISM Terrorists Focus Attacks on FADM Forces in Cabo Delgado - Africa Defense Forum". adf-magazine.com. 18 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-03-23.
  157. ↑ "Two Killed in Jihadist Attack in Northern Mozambique". The Defense Post. 6 May 2025.
  158. ↑ https://x.com/war_noir/status/1918704013836464637
  159. ↑ Fauvet, Paul. "Terrorists claim deaths of 11 Mozambican soldiers" (in Harshen Potugis). Retrieved 2025-06-03.
  160. ↑ "Jihadists Ambush Mozambique Army Outpost, Killing Soldiers: Military Sources". The Defense Post. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
  161. ↑ BBC News (October 20, 2011). "Large gas field discovered off coast of Mozambique". BBC News.
  162. ↑ Laakso, Merja (May 23, 2022). "An increased role for private sector: Mozambique's new regulatory policy in the off-grid energy sector".
  163. ↑ Casey, JP (March 15, 2021). "Risky business: investment and insurgency in Mozambique". Offshore Technology.[permanent dead link]
  164. ↑ Rumney, Emma (November 4, 2021). "Exxon looking to capture carbon, cut costs at $30 bln Mozambique LNG project". Reuters.
  165. ↑ BBC News (April 10, 2022). "Mozambique Palma terror attack: 'I can't go back'". BBC News.
  166. ↑ Haysom, Simone (October 2018). "Where Crime Compounds Conflict. Understanding Northern Mozambique's Vulnerabilities" (PDF). The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime.
  167. ↑ "Mozambique Palma terror attack: 'I can't go back'". BBC News. April 10, 2022.
  168. ↑ "Insurgents seize Mozambique port in gas-rich region, local media say". Reuters. August 12, 2020.
  169. ↑ 169.0 169.1 Mapfumo, Linos (2020). "The Nexus Between Violent Extremism and the Illicit Economy in Northern Mozambique: Is Mozambique Under Siege from International Organised Crime?". Extremisms in Africa. p. 106.
  170. ↑ Chingotuane, Énio Viegas Filipe; Sidumo, Egna Rachel Isaias (October 2021). "Strategic Options for Managing Violent Extremism in Southern Africa: The Case of Mozambique" (PDF). Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung: Situation Report: 7–8.
  171. ↑ Vrey, Francois (August 29, 2021). "Fight Against Mozambique's Insurgency Must Include Maritime Security".
  172. ↑ Decis, Hugo (May 7, 2021). "The Mozambique Channel – troubled waters?".
  173. ↑ "What is the Wagner Group, Russia's mercenary organisation?". The Economist. 7 March 2022.
  174. ↑ Saini Fasanotti, Federica (8 February 2022). "Russia's Wagner Group in Africa: Influence, commercial concessions, rights violations, and counterinsurgency failure". The Brookings Institution.
  175. ↑ "The Mozambique Channel May Become the Next Maritime Security Hotspot". Maritime Executive. 24 March 2021.
  176. ↑ Wingrin, Dean (10 February 2014). "Italian warship training Mozambican Navy".
  177. ↑ "Portugal delivers 10 speedboats to the Mozambican Navy". 20 February 2018.
  178. ↑ "India, Mozambique review defence cooperation, special emphasis on maritime security". Club of Mozambique. 14 February 2018.
  179. ↑ Vrey, Francois (29 August 2021). "Fight Against Mozambique's Insurgency Must Include Maritime Security".
  180. ↑ "UNODC and Mozambique cooperate to promote maritime security". UNODC. 4 August 2021.
  181. ↑ Haysom, Simone; Gastrow, Peter; Shaw, Mark (June 2018). "Tackling heroin trafficking on the East African coast" (PDF). ENACT – Enhacing Africa's Response to Transnational Organised Crime. 04.
  182. ↑ U.S. Embassy in Mozambique (2020). "2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Mozambique".
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