Rikicin abokin tarayya
 Rikicin abokin tarayya | |
|---|---|
type of violence (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
violence (en) da Tashin hankali na gida |
Rikicin abokin tarayya (IPV) tashin hankali ne na gida daga abokin aure na yanzu ko tsohon ko abokin tarayya a cikin dangantaka ta kusa da ɗayan matar ko abokin tarayya. IPV na iya ɗaukar nau'o'i da yawa, gami da cin zarafin jiki, Magana, motsin rai, tattalin arziki da jima'i. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta bayyana IPV a matsayin "duk wani hali a cikin dangantaka ta kusa wanda ke haifar da lahani na jiki, na tunani ko na jima'i ga waɗanda ke cikin dangantakar, gami da ayyukan tashin hankali na jiki, tilasta jima'i, cin zarafin tunani da sarrafa halayen." shafi na 89 IPV wani lokacin ana kiranta kawai a matsayin baturi, ko a matsayin matar ko cin zarafin abokin tarayya.
Mafi girman nau'in IPV ana kiransa ta'addanci na kusa, sarrafa tashin hankali, ko kuma sarrafawa kawai. A irin waɗannan yanayi, abokin tarayya ɗaya yana da rikici da sarrafawa. Wannan galibi maza ne ke yi wa mata, kuma shine mafi kusantar nau'ikan da za su buƙaci sabis na kiwon lafiya da amfani da mafaka na mata. Tsayayya da ta'addanci na kusa, wanda shine nau'in kare kai, kuma ana kiransa tsayayya mai tsanani, yawanci mata ne ke gudanar da shi.
Bincike kan tashin hankali na gida akan maza ya nuna cewa maza ba su da damar bayar da rahoton tashin hankali na cikin gida da abokan aikinsu mata suka yi.[1] Sabanin haka, maza sun fi yin mummunan batir na gida, kuma mata sun fi fuskantar mummunan rauni a sakamakon haka.[2][3][4]
Mafi yawan nau'ikan tashin hankali na abokin tarayya shine tashin hankali na yanayi (wanda aka fi sani da tashin hankali na lokaci), wanda maza da mata ke gudanarwa kusan daidai, kuma yana iya faruwa tsakanin matasa ma'aurata, gami da matasa (duba tashin hankali na matasa) da waɗanda ke cikin kwaleji. [5]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rikicin abokin tarayya yana faruwa tsakanin mutane biyu a cikin dangantaka ta kusa ko tsohuwar dangantaka. Zai iya faruwa tsakanin ma'aurata masu jima'i ko masu luwadi kuma wadanda abin ya shafa na iya zama namiji ko mace. Ma'aurata na iya yin soyayya, zama tare ko yin aure kuma tashin hankali na iya faruwa a ciki ko a waje da gida.
Bincike a cikin shekarun 1990 ya nuna cewa maza da mata na iya zama masu cin zarafi ko wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali a cikin gida. [7] Mata suna iya yin tashin hankali a cikin ramuwar gayya ko kare kansu kuma suna da alaƙa da yin mummunar tashin hankali fiye da maza yayin da maza suna iya yin amfani da dogon lokaci fiye da mata.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta bayyana tashin hankali na abokin tarayya a matsayin "duk wani hali a cikin dangantaka ta kusa da ke haifar da lahani na jiki, na tunani ko na jima'i ga waɗanda ke cikin dangantakar". WHO kuma tana ƙara halaye masu sarrafawa a matsayin nau'in cin zarafi.[8]
Dangane da binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2010, kashi 30% na mata a duniya masu shekaru 15 da haihuwa sun fuskanci tashin hankali na jiki da / ko jima'i.[9]
Kimanin duniya na WHO ya lissafa cewa abin da ya faru na mata waɗanda suka fuskanci cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i daga abokin tarayya a rayuwarsu ya kasance 1 cikin 3.
Matsalolin da ke tattare da tashin hankali na abokin tarayya suna da zurfi. Rikicin abokin tarayya yana da alaƙa da karuwar yawan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi tsakanin wadanda abin ya shafa, gami da amfani da taba. Wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali na abokin tarayya suma suna iya fuskantar baƙin ciki, PTSD, damuwa da kashe kansa.[10] Mata da ke fuskantar tashin hankali na abokin tarayya suna da haɗarin yin ciki ba tare da niyya ba da kuma kamuwa da cutar ta jima'i, gami da cutar kanjamau. Ana tunanin wannan ya faru ne saboda tilasta ko tilasta jima'i da tilasta haihuwa (watau cire kwaroron roba yayin jima'i ko toshe damar mace ga rigakafin haihuwa). [10] Yara waɗanda iyayensu ke fuskantar tashin hankali na abokin tarayya sun fi zama wadanda ke fama da IPV da kansu ko kuma su zama masu aikata tashin hankali daga baya a rayuwa.[10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Dutton, Donald G.; Nicholls, Tonia L. (September 2005). "The gender paradigm in domestic violence research and theory: Part 1—The conflict of theory and data". Aggression and Violent Behavior. 10 (6): 680–714. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2005.02.001.
- ↑ Morse, Barbara J. (January 1995). "Beyond the Conflict Tactics Scale: Assessing Gender Differences in Partner Violence". Violence and Victims. 10 (4): 251–272. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.10.4.251. PMID 8703839. S2CID 37664529.
- ↑ Swan, Suzanne C.; Gambone, Laura J.; Caldwell, Jennifer E.; Sullivan, Tami P.; Snow, David L. (2008). "A review of research on women's use of violence with male intimate partners". Violence and Victims. 23 (3): 301–314. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.23.3.301. PMC 2968709. PMID 18624096.
- ↑ Ansara, D. L.; Hindin, M. J. (1 October 2010). "Exploring gender differences in the patterns of intimate partner violence in Canada: a latent class approach". Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 64 (10): 849–854. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.095208. PMID 19833606. S2CID 206990397.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedHowe p. 370 - ↑ "Women who experienced violence by an intimate partner". Our World in Data. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
- ↑ Gelles 1980, 1989; McNeely and Mann 1990; Shupe, Stacey, and Hazelwood 1987; Straus 1973; Straus, Gelles, and Steinmetz 1980; Steinmetz 1977/1978.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Devries, K. M.; Mak, J. Y. T.; García-Moreno, C.; Petzold, M.; Child, J. C.; Falder, G.; Lim, S.; Bacchus, L. J.; Engell, R. E.; Rosenfeld, L.; Pallitto, C.; Vos, T.; Abrahams, N.; Watts, C. H. (28 June 2013). "The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women". Science. 340 (6140): 1527–1528. Bibcode:2013Sci...340.1527D. doi:10.1126/science.1240937. PMID 23788730. S2CID 206550080.
- 1 2 3 Miller, Elizabeth; McCaw, Brigid (28 February 2019). "Intimate Partner Violence". New England Journal of Medicine. 380 (9): 850–857. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1807166. PMID 30811911.