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Rikicin cikin gida a Amurka

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Rikicin cikin gida a Amurka
crime in the United States (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Tashin hankali na gida
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Wadanda aka azabtar da alamar tashin hankali a cikin gida, Courthouse Square, Quincy, Florida

Rikicin cikin gida wani nau'i ne na tashin hankali wanda ke faruwa a cikin dangantakar cikin gida. Kodayake tashin hankali na gida sau da yawa yana faruwa tsakanin abokan tarayya a cikin mahallin dangantaka ta kusa, yana iya bayyana wasu tashin hankali na iyali, kamar tashin hankali ga yaro, ta yaro ga iyaye, ko tashin hankali tsakanin 'yan uwa a cikin iyali ɗaya. A Amurka, hukumomin gwamnati da wadanda ba na gwamnati ba sun gane shi a matsayin muhimmiyar matsala ta zamantakewa, kuma Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta zartar da Dokokin Cin zarafin Mata daban-daban a cikin ƙoƙari na dakatar da wannan guguwa.

Kashewa daga tashin hankali na gida ya wuce iyakokin jinsi da Jima'i.[1] amma maza ma suna fuskantar tashin hankali na gida a cikin adadi mai yawa, gami da abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali na abokin tarayya.[2] Manyan kashi na ma'aurata LGBT suma suna fuskantar matsalolin tashin hankali na cikin gida. Kungiyoyin da ba su da wadata a zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a Amurka a kai a kai suna fuskantar mummunar tashin hankali na cikin gida fiye da sauran kungiyoyi. Misali, kimanin kashi 60% na matan 'Yan asalin Amurka suna fuskantar hari a rayuwarsu ta abokin tarayya ko matar.[3]

Yawancin binciken masana game da matsalar sun bayyana cewa tashin hankali na gida sau da yawa wani bangare ne na ikon sarrafawa da zalunci a cikin dangantaka, a kai a kai yana da nau'o'i masu yawa na cin zarafin jiki da ba na jiki ba da ke faruwa a lokaci guda. Ta'addanci na kusa shine ci gaba, mai rikitarwa na amfani da iko, iko da cin zarafi wanda mutum daya ke ƙoƙarin tabbatar da iko a kan wani a hankali. Akwai mafaka marasa gida a jihohi da yawa da kuma hotuna na musamman don mutane su yi kira ga taimako nan take, tare da hukumomin da ba na riba suna ƙoƙarin yaki da abin kunya da mutane ke fuskanta wajen bayar da rahoton waɗannan batutuwan.

Ma'anar

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Dangane da ma'anar ƙamus na Merriam-Webster, tashin hankali na cikin gida shine: "ƙaddamar da rauni ta jiki ta hanyar iyali ɗaya ko memba na gida akan wani; kuma: maimaitawa ko al'ada na irin wannan hali".

Ma'anar da ke biyowa ta shafi dalilan subsurface III na babi na 136 na taken 42 na Dokar Amurka:

The term 'domestic violence' includes felony or misdemeanor crimes of violence committed by a current or former spouse of the victim, by a person with whom the victim shares a child in common, by a person who is cohabitating with or has cohabitated with the victim as a spouse, by a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction receiving grant monies, or by any other person against an adult or youth victim who is protected from that person's acts under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction.[4]

An saka shi cikin Dokar Cin zarafin Mata ta 1994 ta hanyar sashi na 3 (a) na Dokar Cin zarafi ga Mata da Dokar Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta 2005. [5]

Har ila yau, ya shafi dalilan sashi na 7275 na sashi na 17 na sashi D na sashi ya 70 na taken 20, sashi na 1437F na sashi I na babi na 8 na taken 42, [6] da kuma sashi na XII-H na babi na 46 na taken 42 na Dokar Amurka.

Hanyoyin tashin hankali na gida

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Rikicin cikin gida na iya haɗawa da cin zarafin baki, motsin rai, tattalin arziki, jiki da jima'i. Dukkanin nau'ikan cin zarafin gida suna da manufa ɗaya: don samun da kuma kula da iko akan wanda aka azabtar. Masu zamba suna amfani da dabaru da yawa don nuna iko a kan matansu ko abokin tarayya: rinjaye, wulakanci, warewa, barazanar, tsoratarwa, musantawa da zargi.[7]

Matsayin da ke tsakanin ma'aurata na iya haɗawa da

  • Rikicin ma'aurata, wanda ya samo asali ne daga rikice-rikice da ke ƙaruwa zuwa muhawara sannan kuma zuwa tashin hankali, ba a haɗa shi da tsarin sarrafawa gaba ɗaya ba, gabaɗaya ba, kuma mai yiwuwa shine mafi yawan nau'in tashin hankali na abokin tarayya. Mata suna iya zama masu cin zarafi kamar maza, duk da haka, mata suna iya samun rauni a jiki, amma kuma suna iya samun nasarar samun sa hannun 'yan sanda. : 3 :3
  • Ta'addanci na ciki (IT), ya haɗa da tsarin ci gaba da sarrafawa ta amfani da motsin rai, jiki da sauran nau'ikan tashin hankali na gida kuma shine abin da ke haifar da wadanda abin ya shafa. Wannan shi ne abin da ya kasance ma'anar tashin hankali na gida kuma an kwatanta shi da "Power and Control Wheel" [8] don kwatanta nau'ikan cin zarafi daban-daban. : 2–4 :2–4
  • Tsayayya mai tsanani (VR), ko "tsaron kai", tashin hankali ne da wadanda abin ya shafa ke yi wa abokan hulɗarsu masu cin zarafi.[9]
  • Rikicin ma'aurata na yau da kullun, inda ma'auratan biyu ke shiga cikin ayyukan tashin hankali na gida.[10]
  • Kula da tashin hankali (MVC) wani nau'i ne mai ban mamaki na tashin hankali na abokin tarayya wanda ke faruwa lokacin da abokan hulɗa biyu ke aiki a cikin tashin hankali, suna gwagwarmaya don iko.

Tsakanin 960,000 da 3,000,000 abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ana bayar da rahoton a kowace shekara, yayin da wasu abubuwan da suka gabata ba a bayar da rahoton su ba.[11] An kiyasta cewa fiye da mutane miliyan goma suna fuskantar tashin hankali na gida a Amurka a kowace shekara.[12]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Tjaden, Patricia; Thoennes, Nancy (November 2000). "Full Report of the Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women". National Institute of Justice, United States Department of Justice. Archived from the original on 2010-08-08. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
  2. ↑ "National Statistics". NCADV. National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  3. ↑ Malcoe, LH; Duran, BM; Montgomery, JM (2004). "Socioeconomic disparities in intimate partner violence against Native American women: a cross-sectional study". BMC Med. 2. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-2-20. PMC 446227. PMID 15157273.
  4. ↑ US Code. Title 42. Chapter 136. Subchapter III. Section 13925(a)(6) Archived 2022-05-20 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ "The Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005" (PDF). Frwebgate.access.gpo.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  6. ↑ "Lost and Found | LII / Legal Information Institute". Archived from the original on 2016-10-21. Retrieved 2017-12-31.
  7. ↑ Smith, Melinda; Segal, Jeanne (December 2014). "Domestic Violence and Abuse: Signs of Abuse and Abusive Relationships". Helpguide.org. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CLASP3
  9. ↑ Bachman, Ronet; Carmody, Dianne Cyr (December 1994). "Fighting fire with fire: the effects of victim resistance in intimate versus stranger perpetrated assaults against females". Journal of Family Violence. 9 (4): 317–331. doi:10.1007/BF01531942. S2CID 25399778.
  10. ↑ Johnson, Michael P.; Ferraro, Kathleen J. (November 2000). "Research on domestic violence in the 1990s: making distinctions". Journal of Marriage and Family. 62 (4): 948–963. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00948.x. JSTOR 1566718.
  11. ↑ "Domestic Violence Statistics". The Gateway Center For Domestic Violence Services. City of Portland, Oregon. 9 September 2010. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  12. ↑ "National Statistics". NCADV. National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
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