Rikicin cikin gida a Koriya ta Kudu
Rikicin cikin gida a Koriya ta Kudu shine cin zarafin tunani, na jiki, na baki ko na jima'i ko laifuka na tashin hankali da aka aikata wa wanda aka azabtar a cikin yanayin gida na dangantakar aure da zama tare. Rikicin cikin gida yana kwatanta tashin hankali ga abokin tarayya na gida, ga yara da tsakanin 'yan uwa. Dangane da Binciken Rikicin Cikin Gida na Koriya ta Kudu a cikin 2010, an kiyasta cin zarafin tsofaffi ya kai 10%, cin zarafin jiki ya kai 2.2%, cin zarafi na motsin rai 9%, cin zarafar tattalin arziki 1.2%, da kuma sakaci 2.5%.[1] Rikicin aure ya kasance mafi yawan nau'in tashin hankali na iyali a Koriya ta Kudu. Ɗaya daga cikin ma'aurata shida a Koriya ta Kudu yana da fiye da sau ɗaya na tashin hankali na jiki daga matansu.[2]
A matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adun Koriya ta Kudu, ana ɗaukar tashin hankali na aure a matsayin batun iyali mai zaman kansa, maimakon laifi ko batutuwan zamantakewa. Dangane da haka, kashi 50% na manya na Koriya sun ba da rahoton cewa ba sa so su kira 'yan sanda don abin da ya faru na tashin hankali na aure saboda "al'amarin iyali ne".
Gwamnatin Koriya ta yi iƙirarin ba da fifiko ga kawar da ra'ayoyin jinsi da tashin hankali.[3] A cikin 2018, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) kan kawar da nuna bambanci ga mata (CEDAW) ya ba da rahoton karuwar kokarin gwamnati don inganta daidaiton jinsi a Koriya ta Kudu, ta hanyar kare haƙƙin mata a cikin aiki, kiwon lafiya, da ilimi, da rage tashin hankali ga mata. A shekara ta 2009, gwamnatin Koriya ta kashe Koriya Won biliyan 27.1 daga kasafin kudin kasa a cikin azabtarwa da rigakafin tashin hankali na cikin gida da na jima'i.[4]
Ma'ana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Koriya, ana bayyana laifukan tashin hankali na cikin gida a matsayin ayyukan hari, rauni, watsi, cin zarafi, kamawa, tsarewa, tsoratarwa da sauransu tsakanin 'yan uwa waɗanda ke haifar da lalacewar jiki, tunani ko dukiya.[4] Ana ɗaukar shari'o'in tashin hankali na cikin gida a matsayin shari'oʼi na musamman a matakin bincike da kuma tsarin kotu.
Dalilan da suka haifar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsarin mulkin mallaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da tashin hankali a cikin Jamhuriyar Koriya shine kasancewar shugabanci a cikin gidaje da yawa da kuma shugabanci.[5] Tsarin gidan-shugaban gida (hojuje), wanda ke ba da ka'idojin maye gurbin ga bangaren uba na iyali, ya kasance mai rinjaye a Koriya ta Kudu har sai gwamnati ta soke shi a shekara ta 2005. Matsayin jinsi da tsarin ubanni ya tilasta wa maza ya ba da fifiko da iko a kan iyali, wanda sau da yawa yakan kai su ga yin amfani da tashin hankali na jiki lokacin da rikice-rikice suka faru a gida.[2] A shekara ta 2008, an tsara dokoki game da rajistar dangin iyali kuma maye gurbin patrilineal ya ƙare. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Ministan Daidaita Jima'i da jagororin iyali don ilimin iyali bisa ga Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya na asali, wanda ke inganta daidaito da farin ciki.[2]
"Mata da busassun pollock suna buƙatar a doke su kowane kwana uku don dandano mafi kyau" tsohuwar magana ce da ta zama ruwan dare a Koriya ta Kudu a cikin shekarun 1960 lokacin da aka yarda da tashin hankali na maza akan mata.[6]
Rikicin da aka yi wa mata ya kasance a karkashin mulkin kama-karya na soja na Shugaba Park Chung Hee wanda ya tilasta ikon shugabanci, kuma mata sun sha wahala daga cin zarafin jima'i, karuwanci, da cin zarafin jiki a wurin aiki. Wadanda aka azabtar da waɗannan laifuka ba su iya yin korafi ko neman taimako ba saboda ba a ba su hakkoki daidai ga maza ba.[5] Rikicin jihar ya zama mafi yawa bayan shari'ar azabtar da 'yan sanda ta Puch'ŏn a shekarar 1986. [5] A wannan yanayin, hukumomi sun kama wani dalibi mai gwagwarmayar aiki daga Jami'ar Kasa ta Seoul, ba tare da takardar shaidar ba, don amfani da asalin mazaunin ƙarya don ya iya aiki ga masana'antar masana'antu. A lokacin tambayoyinta na kwanaki 10, jami'an 'yan sanda sun yi mata fyade kuma sun azabtar da ita. Wannan shari'ar ta haifar da damuwa da wayar da kan jama'a game da tashin hankali na jinsi a tsakanin al'ummar Koriya kuma ta haifar da zanga-zangar da ta shafi Kungiyar Mata ta Koriya ta United (KWAU) da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na gida suka shirya.[5]
A cikin Binciken Matsayin Iyali da Canjin Jima'i ta Shirin Binciken Jama'a na Duniya a cikin 2002, a kan sikelin 1 zuwa 5, Koriya ta Kudu ta sami babban ci 3.2 saboda goyon bayan masu amsawa a cikin sanarwa, "Aikin namiji ne don samun kuɗi, kuma aikin mace shine kula da gida da iyali. "A cewar Shirin Ci Gaban Jima'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (GEM), Koriya ta Koriya ta Tsakiya ta kasance ta 68th daga cikin kasashe 100 a cikin muhimman shawarwarin siyasa da tattalin arziki, tana jaddada rinjayar da maza a duk fannoni na kasar. Al'adar shugabanci sau da yawa tana zurfafawa a cikin al'adun Koriya ta Kudu, tare da sanannun tsoffin maganganun Koriya, kamar "Kayan kifi da mata sun fi kyau bayan an doke su," tare da ra'ayi na yau da kullun game da mata a matsayin kayan gida ko kicin [2][2]
A cikin Binciken Rikicin Cikin Gida na Koriya ta Kudu na 2010, mazajen Koriya sun ba da rahoton yin amfani da tashin hankali a cikin gida saboda jin damuwa, saboda suna kallon tashin hankali a matsayin dabara mai dacewa don warware rikici, shan barasa, ko kuma sun ga tashin hankali tsakanin iyaye tun suna yara.
Matsayin samun kudin shiga
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dangane da nazarin mitar da aka samar daga Binciken Kasa na Koriya, maza da ke da ƙananan halaye na zamantakewar jama'a gabaɗaya sun fi tashin hankali.[1] Matakan daban-daban na kudaden shiga na gida suna da alaƙa da matakai daban-daban nke tashin hankali na abokin tarayya.[1] Wadanda aka yi wa tashin hankali a cikin gida sun fi dacewa da aiki a ayyukan sabis, kuma masu laifi sun fi dacewa su kasance a ƙarƙashin tasirin barasa.[7]
Kididdiga
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gwamnatin Koriya ta ba da rahoton ga Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a, da Al'adu game da gurfanar da jimlar mutane 1,841 saboda tashin hankali na cikin gida, da kuma jimlar mutane 4,833 don tsare-tsare. A cikin shekara ta 2007, rahoton CEDAW game da Koriya ya nuna karancin rahotanni da gurfanar da shari'o'in tashin hankali kan mata, yayin da yake roƙon gwamnati da ta gudanar da ƙarin bincike kan wannan yanayin.[4] Gwamnatin Koriya ta bayyana cewa saboda lokuta da yawa na maganganun karya ko wuce gona da iri da wadanda abin ya shafa da masu laifi suka bayar, da kuma dangantakar da ke tsakanin wadanda abin ya faru da masu laifi, yana da wahala a tattara shaidu da hujjoji. Daga Binciken Kasa na 1999 game da tashin hankali na abokin tarayya (IPV), kusan kashi 34.1% na ma'aurata ko ma'aurato a Koriya ta Kudu suna da hannu a tashin hankali na abokan tarayya.[1] Duk da yake a cikin 2010, Binciken Kasa ya nuna raguwa zuwa 16.5% na ma'aurata ko ma'aurato. A shekara ta 2010, yawan cin zarafin jiki akan yara ya kasance 29.9%, cin zarafin motsin rai 52.1%, da kuma sakaci 17% .[1]
A cikin binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Laifuka ta Koriya ta gudanar a shekarar 2014 game da tashin hankali tsakanin abokan tarayya, ban da tashin hankali a cikin iyali, a Koriya ta Kudu, kashi 2.5% na laifukan jima'i daga 2005 zuwa 2014 sun faru ne tsakanin masoya.[1] Daga 2005 zuwa 2014 yawan laifuka a kan masoya ya karu daga shari'o'i 218 a 2005, zuwa shari'oʼi 686 a 2014. Babban dalilan hare-haren jima'i sun kasance "a ƙarƙashin tasirin barasa (25.1%) " ko "a karo na farko da ya faru (28.2%)." A cikin shari'o'in kisan kai, 10% na shari'o" sun faru ne tsakanin masoya.[1] A cikin kashi 80% na shari'o'in, masu laifin suna da tarihin aikata laifuka na baya, kuma manyan dalilan kisan kai sun kasance "ba zato ba tsammani tsakanin saki (45.2%)," yayin da suke maye (42%)," da kuma tsakanin "mutanen da ke ƙasa (77.7%).[1]
Daga binciken da aka gudanar a shekarar 2022 ta Ma'aikatar Daidaita Jima'i da Samfurin Iyali (mutane 5,622) a Koriya ta Kudu game da abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali na abokin tarayya, jimlar kashi 9.4% na mata da suka amsa sun fuskanci tashin hankali na gida. Sabanin haka, jimlar kashi 5.8% na maza da suka amsa sun ba da rahoton tashin hankali na gida a matsayin wadanda abin ya shafa.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Kim, Jae Yop; Oh, Sehun; Nam, Seok In (2016-05-01). "Prevalence and Trends in Domestic Violence in South Korea: Findings From National Surveys". Journal of Interpersonal Violence (in Turanci). 31 (8): 1554–1576. doi:10.1177/0886260514567960. ISSN 0886-2605. PMID 25600976. S2CID 24103439.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:6 - ↑ "OHCHR | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women considers the report of the Republic of Korea". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Korea, Republic of: Domestic violence, including legislation, availability of state protection and support services for victims". Refworld (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Park, Inn Hea; Suh, Doowon (2014-12-18). "Framing Dynamics of South Korean Women's Movements, 1970s–90s: Global Influences, State Responses, and Interorganizational Networks". Journal of Korean Studies (in Turanci). 19 (2): 327–356. doi:10.1353/jks.2014.0016. ISSN 2158-1665. S2CID 145650024.
- ↑ Bae, Gawon (2025-04-11). "60 years ago, she bit the tongue of the man who allegedly tried to rape her. Now, she's trying to overturn her conviction". CNN (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-04-12.
- ↑ "Research Reports - Korean Institute of Criminology". eng.kic.re.kr. Retrieved 2019-06-07.