Rikicin jinsi na kan layi
| Bayanai | |
|---|---|
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
online violence (en) |

Rikicin da ya danganci jinsi a kan layi yana da niyya ga cin zarafi da nuna bambanci ta hanyar fasaha ga mutane, mata masu yawa, bisa ga jinsi. Kalmar kuma tana kama da cin zarafin kan layi, cin zarafin yanar gizo da cin zarafi na yanar gizo, amma kalmomin ƙarshe ba na musamman ba ne. Rikicin da ya danganci jinsi ya bambanta da waɗannan saboda kulawar da yake jawowa ga nuna bambanci da tashin hankali na kan layi wanda aka yi niyya musamman saboda jinsi, galibi waɗanda ke nuna kansu a matsayin mata. Rikicin jinsi na kan layi na iya haɗawa da maganganun jima'i da ba a so, aikawa ba tare da amincewa ba na kafofin watsa labarai na jima'i, barazanar, doxing, cyberstalking da cin zarafi, da kuma nuna bambanci da sakonni da ke da alaƙa da jinsi da sauran abubuwa. Rikicin jinsi na kan layi ya samo asali ne daga tashin hankali na jinsi amma ana ci gaba da shi ta hanyar lantarki. Kungiyoyin da ke fama da rauni sun hada da asexual, bisexual, gay, intersex, trans, intersex. Rikicin jinsi na kan layi na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wadannan sun hada da impersonation, hacking, spamming, bin diddigin da sa ido, mummunan raba saƙonni da hotuna.
Hanyoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da intanet, kasancewar tashin hankali na jinsi a kan layi ya karu sosai. Duk da yake tashin hankali na jinsi na kan layi na iya yin niyya ga kowa, yana yin niyya da wadanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin mata. Wannan tashin hankali da cin zarafin da aka yi niyya sun zo a hanyoyi da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin sarari na yau da kullun inda tashin hankali na jinsi na kan layi ke faruwa a cikin blogosphere. Wannan wuri ne mai rinjaye na maza inda ake sukar mata masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo a mafi girma fiye da maza masu rubutun ra-hun yanar gizo. Akwai maganganu akai-akai a ƙarƙashin shafukan yanar gizo na mata waɗanda ke da tashin hankali na jima'i a yanayi.[1] Wani wuri na yau da kullun inda tashin hankali na jinsi na kan layi ke faruwa shine a cikin nau'in Trolling. Wannan ya haɗa da maganganun wulakanci da maganganu masu nuna bambanci da mata, maganganun ƙyama. Wannan tashin hankali ne na kan layi wanda aka rufe shi a matsayin aikin da ba shi da lahani, ba shi da manufa. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da jima'i na yanar gizo wanda aka buga a matsayin mai ban dariya kuma mara lahani lokacin da a zahiri yana ƙarfafa ra'ayoyi masu lahani, tashin hankali, da Tsarin iko jinsi wanda ke mamaye duniya ta kan layi da kan layi. Memes wani nau'i ne wanda ake yada tashin hankali na jinsi a kan layi. Wadannan hotuna ne da aka kirkira don gabatar da ba'a na jima'i, tashin hankali na jima'in, da kuma jinsi yayin da suke wasa da shi a matsayin wani abu mai ban dariya. Ana amfani da Hashtags don yin sharhi na jima'i da batutuwa su zama masu yaduwa, wanda hakan ke saka akidar jima'i a cikin kafofin sada zumunta.[2]
Nau'o'in
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin ma'anar da ta fi girma, akwai nau'ikan tashin hankali na jinsi a kan layi. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan shine tashin hankali na gida a kan layi, inda masu aikata laifuka ke amfani da Intanet don amfani da ilimin sirri da suke da shi game da abokin tarayya don cutar da su. Suna kuma amfani da hotuna da bidiyo na sirri don tabbatar da iko da tashin hankali a kan abokin tarayya.[3] Binciken da Sameer Hinduja da Justin Patchin suka yi ya yi nazarin wannan abin da ya faru, wanda suka kira "rashin cin zarafin jima'i na dijital," inda suka gano cewa kashi 28% na dalibai a cikin Dangantakar soyayya a shekarar da ta gabata an azabtar da su ta wannan hanyar. Maza (32%) sun sha wahala sau da yawa, idan aka kwatanta da mata (24%), kuma fuskantar tashin hankali na soyayya a kan layi shine mafi karfi da aka gano na tashin hankali na cin zarafin soyayya a yanar gizo. Sauran mahimman binciken sun haɗa da alaƙa da baƙin ciki, sexting, da cin zarafin yanar gizo.[4] Cyberstalking wani nau'i ne na tashin hankali na jinsi a kan layi. An bayar da rahoton cewa kashi 26% na mata masu shekaru 18-24 sun ba da rahoton cewa ana bin su ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin sadarwa da intanet da kafofin sada zumunta suka bayar.[3] Wani bita na wallafe-wallafen da aka yi kwanan nan da Puneet Kaur et al., sun gano cewa yaduwar cyberstalking ba a bayyane yake ba, tare da nazarin da ke nuna ƙimar da ke ƙasa da 6.5% kuma sama da 46%; wannan bambancin mai yiwuwa ne saboda hanyoyin samfurori daban-daban, fahimta da aiki na kalmar, jinkiri a cikin rahoto, har ma da bambance-bambance a tsakanin kungiyoyin jama'a.[5]
Dalilan da suka haifar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rikicin jinsi na kan layi ya fito ne daga misogyny a wurare na zahiri da ka'idojin al'adu da ke jagorantar rayuwarmu. Hanyoyin da aka yarda da su na tashin hankali na jinsi sun haɗa da hulɗa da mutum kamar: tashin hankali na abokin tarayya, cin zarafin titi, fyade, da sauransu da aka bayyana a cikin tashin hankali ga mata. Dukkanin wadannan sun haifar da kirkirar nau'ikan cin zarafin jinsi a kan layi. Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da tashin hankali sun haɗa da ayyukan Al'ummomin kan layi da rashin ka'idojin da ke magance cin zarafin jinsi da tashin hankali a cikin waɗannan al'ummomi.
Al'adu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amincewa da al'umma game da ka'idojin da ake la'akari da su 'masu tsattsauran ra'ayi' yana da babban tasiri a kan yaduwar tashin hankali na jinsi a kan layi. Ka'idojin al'adu da imani ana ɗaukar su daga al'ummomin zahiri zuwa sararin kan layi ta hanyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda ke shiga cikin wannan hali da kansu ko waɗanda suka riga sun yarda da ra'ayoyin misogynist. Mutanen da ke yin tashin hankali na jiki a kan mata suna iya shiga cikin nau'ikan tashin hankali na kan layi.[6] Ta hanyar al'adu, masana suna da'awar cewa maimakon fasahar haifar da tashin hankali a kan layi, kawai yana samar da sabon dandamali wanda masu amfani suka dace da aikin da suke so, wasu daga cikinsu na iya haɗawa da ayyuka kamar doxing, barazana, ko bin mata.[7] Al'adu kuma na iya rinjayar shahararren tashin hankali ga mata lokacin da aka yi wa waɗannan halaye ko kuma aka daidaita su da fitattun mutane. Wannan kuma gaskiya ne lokacin da ayyukan tashin hankali na jinsi suka zama al'ada ga shahararrun mata da kuma jama'a.[8] Wadannan al'adun al'adu na iya samun babban ko ƙananan tasiri dangane da asalin wanda aka azabtar ko mahallin. Misali, ayyukan tashin hankali na jinsi na iya zama ruwan dare a fannoni kamar Siyasa inda akidar da ke da karfi game da Matsayin mata da kuma misogyny sun riga sun kasance. Wannan zai hada da shari'o'in da wanda aka azabtar yana aiki a siyasa ko barazanar da halayyar tashin hankali sun zo ne a matsayin martani ga matsayi na siyasa.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Mathieu, Stephanie (May 2011). "Misogyny on the Web: Comparing Negative Reader Comments Made to Men and Women Who Publish Political Commentary Online" (PDF). University of Missouri-Columbia.
- ↑ "Perpetuating online sexism offline: Anonymity, interactivity, and the effects of sexist hashtags on social media | Gender Action Portal". gap.hks.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
- 1 2 Suzor, Nicolas; Dragiewicz, Molly; Harris, Bridget; Gillett, Rosalie; Burgess, Jean; Van Geelen, Tess (2018-09-29). "Human Rights by Design: The Responsibilities of Social Media Platforms to Address Gender-Based Violence Online". Policy & Internet. 11 (1): 84–103. doi:10.1002/poi3.185. ISSN 1944-2866.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Hinduja, Sameer; Patchin, Justin W. (January 8, 2020). "Digital Dating Abuse Among a National Sample of U.S. Youth". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. SAGE Publications. 36 (23–24): 11088–11108. doi:10.1177/0886260519897344. ISSN 0886-2605. PMID 31910725. S2CID 210085569.
- ↑ Kaur, Puneet; Dhir, Amandeep; Tandon, Anushree; Alzeiby, Ebtesam A.; Abohassan, Abeer Ahmed (2021). "A systematic literature review on cyberstalking. An analysis of past achievements and future promises". Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Elsevier BV. 163: 120426. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120426. ISSN 0040-1625. S2CID 230629963 Check
|s2cid=value (help).|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Cuenca-Piqueras, Cristina; Fernández-Prados, Juan Sebastián; González-Moreno, María José (2020-02-01). "Face-to-Face Versus Online Harassment of European Women: Importance of Date and Place of Birth". Sexuality & Culture (in Turanci). 24 (1): 157–173. doi:10.1007/s12119-019-09632-4. ISSN 1936-4822. S2CID 198915190.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Henry, Nicola; Powell, Anastasia (2018-04-01). "Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence: A Literature Review of Empirical Research". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse (in Turanci). 19 (2): 195–208. doi:10.1177/1524838016650189. ISSN 1524-8380. PMID 27311818. S2CID 3590981.
- ↑ Tracy Missing or empty
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