Rikicin tsarin mulki
 Rikicin tsarin mulki | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
political crisis (en)  |
A kimiyyar siyasa, rikicin tsarin mulki matsala ne ko rikici a cikin aikin gwamnati wanda tsarin mulki na siyasa ko wasu muhimman dokokin mulki ke ganin ba za su iya warwarewa ba. Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa ga wannan ma'anar. Misali, mutum ya siffanta shi da rikicin da ke tasowa daga gazawa, ko kuma a kalla hadari mai karfi na gazawa, na kundin tsarin mulki don aiwatar da ayyukansa na tsakiya.[1] Rikicin na iya tasowa daga dalilai iri-iri. Misali, gwamnati na iya son kafa wata doka da ta saba wa kundin tsarin mulkinta; Kundin tsarin mulki na iya kasa ba da cikakkiyar amsa ga takamaiman yanayi; Kundin tsarin mulki na iya zama karara, amma a siyasance ba zai yiwu a bi shi ba; su kansu cibiyoyin gwamnati na iya tabarbarewa ko kasa aiwatar da abin da doka ta tsara su zama; ko kuma jami'ai a cikin gwamnati na iya ba da hujjar gujewa tunkarar wata babbar matsala dangane da ƴan taƙaitaccen fassarar doka.[[2] [3] misalai na musamman sun haɗa da rikicin kundin tsarin mulki na Afirka tKudu a shekarun 1950, ballewar jihohin kudancin Amurka a 1860 da 1861, korar gwamnatin tarayyar Ostireliya a 1975 da rikicin Ukraine na 2007. Yayin da Burtaniya ta Burtaniya da Ireland ta Arewa ba ta da kundin tsarin mulki, ana ganin tana da tsarin da ba a tantance shi ba, kuma ana bayyana batutuwa da rikice-rikice a Burtaniya da kasashen da ke cikinta a matsayin rikicin tsarin mulki.
Rikicin tsarin mulki na iya zuwa daga kanana zuwa bukatar sabon kundin tsarin mulki. [4]
Sakamakon rikice-rikice tsakanin sassan gwamnati
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rikicin tsarin mulki na iya tasowa daga rikice-rikice tsakanin bangarori daban-daban na gwamnati, rikici tsakanin gwamnatocin tsakiya da na kananan hukumomi, ko kuma kawai rikici tsakanin bangarori daban-daban na al'umma. A cikin tsarin gwamnati, rikicin yana faruwa ne lokacin da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin ɓangarorin siyasa da gangan suka zaɓi keta dokar kundin tsarin mulki ko kuma suka yi watsi da babban taron tsarin mulkin da ba a rubuta ba; ko yin jayayya da fassarar shari'a na dokar tsarin mulki ko na al'adar siyasa da ba ta dace ba. Wannan al’amari na XYZ ya nuna hakan, wanda ya shafi cin hanci da rashawa na jami’an Faransa da wata tawagar kwamishinonin Amurka da aka aika don wanzar da zaman lafiya tsakanin Faransa da Amurka.[5] buga lamarin a cikin jaridun Amurka kuma ya haifar da rikicin manufofin kasashen waje, wanda ya sa aka zartar da Ayyukan Alien da Sedition. Masu adawa da waɗannan ayyuka a cikin hanyar Virginia da Kentucky Resolutions sun ba da misali da cewa sun keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki tare da gargaɗin jihohi da su ƙi aiwatar da su tunda sun keta Kundin Tsarin Mulki.[6]
Saboda shubuhar tsarin mulki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokacin da rikici ya taso saboda kundin tsarin mulki yana da ma'ana a bisa doka, ƙuduri na ƙarshe yakan kafa tushen doka don warware rikice-rikice na tsarin mulki na gaba. Haka lamarin ya kasance a gadon shugaban kasa na Amurka John Tyler, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa magajin shugaban kasa ya karbi mukamin ba tare da wata iyaka ba.[7]
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Contiades, Xenophon (2016). Constitutions in the Global Financial Crisis: A Comparative Analysis. Oxon: Routledge. p. 53. ISBN 9781409466314.
- ↑ "The 4 Types of Constitutional Crises"
- ↑ A New Introduction to American Constitutionalism
- ↑ A New Introduction to American Constitutionalism
- ↑ Sinopoli, Richard (1996). From Many, One: Readings in American Political and Social Thought. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. p. 185. ISBN 0878406263.
- ↑ Sinopoli, Richard (1996). From Many, One: Readings in American Political and Social Thought. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. p. 185. ISBN 0878406263
- ↑ Accidental Presidents: Death, Assassination, Resignation, and Democratic Succession