Robert Hermann Schomburgk
.jpg)
.svg){kind=small}
Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk (5 Yuni 1804 - 11 Maris 1865) ɗan asalin Jamus ne mai bincike Burtaniya wanda ya gudanar da nazarin ƙasa, kabilanci da botanical a Kudancin Amurka da West Indies, kuma ya cika ayyukan diflomasiyya ga Ƙasar Ingila a Jamhuriyar Dominica da Masarautar Rattosinanak (yanzu Thailand).
Rayuwa da aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Schomburgk a Freyburg, Electorate na Saxony, ɗan Johann Friedrich Ludwig Schomburgk, wani limamin Furotesta. A shekarar 1820, yayin da yake zaune tare da kawunsa, ya koyi ilimin tsirrai daga wani farfesa. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]
Ayyukan kasuwanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya shiga rayuwar kasuwanci kuma, a cikin 1828, ya tafi Amurka, inda ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin magatakarda a Boston da Philadelphia.[1] A cikin 1828, an nemi ya kula da jigilar tumakin Saxon zuwa jihar Virginia ta Amurka, inda ya zauna na ɗan lokaci. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya zama abokin tarayya a masana'antar taba a Richmond. An ƙone masana'antar, kuma an lalata Schomburgk.[1] Ya ci gaba da fuskantar matsala a tsibirin Caribbean na St. Thomas, inda ya rasa duk kayansa a cikin wuta. Sakamakon haka, ya dakatar da ayyukansa na kasuwanci.
Ayyukan ƙasa da bincike
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1830, ya tafi Anegada, ɗaya daga cikin Virgin Isles, sananne ne saboda fashewar jirgin ruwa. Kodayake ba shi da ilimin musamman da ake buƙata don irin wannan aikin, ya bincika tsibirin a kan kuɗin kansa kuma ya aika wa Royal Geographical Society (London) rahoto wanda ya haifar da irin wannan ra'ayi cewa, a cikin 1835, wannan kungiya ta ba shi damar gudanar da balaguron binciken British Guiana.
Ya cika aikinsa (1835–1839) da babban nasara, ba zato ba tsammani ya gano babban lily na ruwa na Victoria Regia a shekarar 1837 da kuma sabbin nau'ikan orchids da yawa, ɗaya daga cikinsu, Schomburgkia, an sanya masa suna. Ya kuma kafa tatsuniyar da ta daɗe tana faruwa game da tafkin Raleigh's Parime ta hanyar ba da shawarar cewa ambaliyar ruwa ta yanayi ta savannah ta Rupununi an yi kuskuren gane ta a matsayin tafki. A shekarar 1841, ya koma Guiana, a wannan karon a matsayin jami'in Gwamnatin Burtaniya don duba yankin da kuma gyara iyakokin gabas da yamma. Sakamakon haka shine iyakar wucin gadi tsakanin Guiana ta Burtaniya da Venezuela, wacce aka sani da " Layin Schomburgk ", da kuma iyaka da yankin Surinam na ƙasar Holland. Ya kuma yi ƙarin lura a fannin ƙasa da ƙabila kuma ɗan'uwansa, Moritz Richard, ya haɗu da shi a can. [1] [2] Ya yi ta maimaita kira da a gyara iyaka da Brazil, sakamakon yadda ya fuskanci bautar da aka yi wa ƙabilun Indiya na gida, waɗanda yawancinsu ba su wanzu ba. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">an buƙata ambato</span> ] Binciken Schomburgk daga baya ya taka rawa a sulhun kan iyakar kudu tsakanin British Guiana da Brazil, tare da sulhun Sarkin Italiya a shekarar 1904.
Bayan dawowar 'yan'uwan zuwa Landan a watan Yunin 1844, Schomburgk ya gabatar da rahoton tafiyarsa ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya, inda Sarauniya Victoria ta ba shi sarauta a 1845, kuma ya ci gaba da wasu mukamai na hukuma. A 1846, an tura shi aiki a Barbados, inda ya tattara bayanai don tattara bayanin ƙasa da na ƙididdiga na tsibirin, wanda daga baya aka buga a 1848 a matsayin Tarihin Barbados kuma Frank Cass ya sake bugawa a 1971 a cikin jerin Karatun Cass na Nazarin Yammacin Indiya.
Aikin diflomasiyya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1848, an naɗa shi jakadan Birtaniya a Jamhuriyar Dominican . A shekara ta 1850, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci mai amfani ga Burtaniya, sannan ya sami yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta daga Soulouque a madadin gwamnatin Dominican. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya ba da takardu masu mahimmanci game da yanayin tsibirin ga mujallar Royal Geographical Society. Misali, ya zama mutum na farko da aka rubuta a tarihi da ya hau dutsen Hispaniola (da kuma dukkan Caribbean) mafi tsayi, Pico Duarte, a shekara ta 1851, ya sanya masa suna "Monte Tina" kuma kusan ya auna tsayinsa daidai a 3,140 metres (10,300 ft) . A shekara ta 1857, an ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin Babban Jami'in Jakadancin Burtaniya na Siam, inda Birtaniya ta yi amfani da ikon mallakar ƙasashen waje ta hanyar kotunan jakadanci kan batutuwa na Burtaniya . A cikin wata wasiƙa zuwa ga ɗan uwansa William, Schomburgk ya lura, "Domin samun fahimtar shari'o'in kotunan 'yan sanda na Ingilishi, kafin in bar Landan, na fuskanci shari'ar 'yan sanda a can na ɗan lokaci, kuma na san waɗannan shari'o'in ta hanyar nazarin littattafai". [3] Wanda yake zaune a Bangkok, ya kuma ci gaba da binciken ƙasa. Wasiƙar ta ba da taƙaitaccen bayani game da ziyararsa zuwa masarautar Chiang Mai mai 'yancin kai a tsakanin 1859-60, sannan kuma giwa ta ratsa tsaunukan zuwa Moulmein a Tekun Bengal, ta dawo Bangkok bayan tafiyar kwanaki 135 da kimanin mil 1,000 na Ingila. [3]
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a shekarar 1864, sakamakon matsalolin lafiya, kuma ya mutu a Schöneberg da ke Berlin a ranar 11 ga Maris 1865.
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "appletons". - ↑ Schomburgk, Robert (1843). "Sources of the Takutu in British Guiana, in the year 1842". Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London. 13: 18–75. doi:10.2307/1798133. JSTOR 1798133.
- 1 2 Guehler, Ulrich (1949). "A Letter Written by Sir Robert H. Schomburgk H.B.M.'s Consul in Bangkok in 1860" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. Siam Society. JSS Vol. 37.2f (digital). Retrieved 30 November 2013.
Translation of a letter written in German by Sir Robert H. Schomburgk ... sheds a light on living conditions in Siam at the time, especially so on the life at the British Consulate.