Roger Blench
Roger Marsh Blench (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1953) masanin harshe ne na Burtaniya, masanin ilimin kabilanci da kuma masanin ilimin ɗan adam. Yana da MA da Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Cambridge kuma yana zaune a Cambridge, Ingila. Yana bincike, ya buga, kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara.[1]
Sana'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Blench sananne ne ga fa'idodinsa masu yawa kuma ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga ilimin harsuna na Afirka, [1] Ilimin harsunan Asiya ta Kudu maso Gabas, ilimin ɗan adam, ethnomusicology, ethnobotany, da sauran fannoni masu alaƙa. Ya yi gagarumin bincike a kan kasashen Nijar – Kongo, Nilo-Saharan, da iyalan Afroasiatic, da kuma harsunan Arunachal . Bugu da ƙari, Blench ya buga da yawa akan alakar da ke tsakanin ilimin harshe da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi. A halin yanzu Blench yana aiki na dogon lokaci don rubuta harsunan tsakiyar Najeriya . Ya kuma nuna damuwarsa game da kiwo a Najeriya. [2] [3]
Blench ya hada kai da Marigayi Farfesa Kay Williamson, wanda ya rasu a watan Janairun 2005, kuma a yanzu shi ne ma’aikacin gidauniyar ilimi ta Kay Williamson, wadda ta wanzu duka don buga abubuwan da Kay Williamson ya bari ba a buga ba da kuma inganta nazarin harsunan Najeriya . Ana gudanar da jerin wallafe-wallafen da amintattun ke gudana tare da Rüdiger Köppe Verlag a Cologne .
Blench ya kuma gudanar da bincike da kimanta ayyukan ci gaban kasa da kasa a duk duniya, a matsayin mai ba da shawara da bincike na Cibiyar Ci gaban Ƙasashen waje a London.
Ka'idojin harshe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsohon harsunan Arewacin Afirka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsofaffin masu magana da Arewacin Afirka, waɗanda ba a bayyana su a matsayin Paleoberbers ba kuma ba sa magana da yare (s) wanda ke da alaƙa da harshe da harsunan Berber da ke wanzu, sun kasance ma'abota kiwo na Arewacin Afirka na prehistoric waɗanda ke magana da saitin (s) na harsuna a halin yanzu. Roger Blench ya kirkiro kalmar, "Tsohon Arewacin Afirka," don bayyanawa da kuma bambanta harsunan farko da ake magana da su a Arewacin Afirka daga harsunan baya da masu magana da Berber masu shigowa, masu jin Punic, da masu jin Larabci suke magana. [4] [5]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga bakin tekun Arewacin Afirka zuwa Iberia (misali, Sipaniya ), ƙabilanci suna magana da nau'ikan harsunan da aka sani da Tsohuwar Arewacin Afirka, waɗanda ba lallai ba ne su kasance masu alaƙa da juna. [5] Ƙungiyoyin ƙabilun Iberia waɗanda ke magana da yaren Tartessian ana iya ɗaukar su tsofaffin masu magana da Arewacin Afirka. [4] [5] [6] Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci da al'adun archaeological na Arewacin Afirka waɗanda suka zo kafin al'adun Capsian, [4] [5] kabilu na al'adun Capsian, [4] [5] [6] da kuma kabilu na Neolithic Maghreb ana daukar su a matsayin tsoffin masu magana da Arewacin Afirka. [4] [5] Yayin da manyan dabbobi suka yi ƙaura zuwa cikin kogin Sahara, tsoffin masu magana da Arewacin Afirka, waɗanda suke farautar su a matsayin dabbobin daji, suma sun yi ƙaura zuwa cikin hamadar Sahara. Daban-daban al'adu a cikin Maghreb da Herodotus ya bayyana a cikin 2500 BP na iya zama nau'in al'adun da ke tsakanin tsoffin masu magana da Arewacin Afirka a wancan lokacin. [4] [5]
A cikin 300 KZ, masu magana da Guanche, waɗanda wataƙila sun kasance tsoffin masu magana da Arewacin Afirka maimakon masu magana da Berber, suna iya zama mutanen Canary Islands . [7] Ko da yake hasashe, masu magana da Guanche na iya yin magana da harshen Basque, harshen Tartessian, da sauran harsuna iri ɗaya na Iberian Peninsula; Ana iya samun shaida mai goyan baya ga wannan ra'ayi a cikin ƴan lexemes waɗanda ke da alaƙa da yaren Basque da kuma rashin ilimin asalin Berber da aka samu a wasu kalmomin Guanche. [7]
Saboda ƙaura na Larabci mai shigowa (misali, Hassānīya ), Berber (misali, Abzinawa ), da masu magana da Punic, tsoffin harsunan Afirka ta Arewa ƙila sun daina magana a Arewacin Afirka. [5]
Harshen Masar na dā
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ragowar tsoffin harsunan Arewacin Afirka ta yiwu an adana su a cikin tsohon harshen Masar . [8] Misali, tuntuɓar harshe tsakanin harshen Darfurian da na Chadi tare da tsohon harshen Masar. [8] Bugu da ƙari, Tehenu da Temehu, waɗanda ƙila sun kasance ƙabilu ne masu al'adu da harsuna daban-daban da juna, ƙila kuma an adana harsunansu a cikin tsohon harshen Masar. [8]
Rubutun Libya-Berber
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rubutun Libyco-Berber na iya kasancewa sakamakon wani tsari na sake fasalin harsunan Berber da Tsohon Arewacin Afirka; Wannan harshe da aka ƙirƙira na iya nuna alaƙar harshe tsakanin masu magana da Berber na zamani da masu magana da Guanche na Tsibirin Canary . [5] Daga cikin abubuwan da ba a san su ba da aka samu a zane-zanen dutse a tsibirin Canary, an sami wasu shaidu (misali, ƙamus na asali, lambobi) na yaren Punic da rubutun Libyco-Berber. Yayin da ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya na harsunan Berber da ake danganta da harshe da harshen Guanche ya dogara ne akan shaidar lambobi, kuma yana yiwuwa cewa dangantakar da aka samu tsakanin harsunan ya kasance saboda ƙarar kalmomin lamuni na Berber da kuma cewa masu magana da Guanche sune tsoffin masu magana da Arewacin Afirka. [9] Harshen Numidian, wanda kuma yana iya zama tsohon harshen Arewacin Afirka, ya zama zane-zanen dutse a cikin Canary Islands. [10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hewson, John (2007). Blench, Roger (ed.). "Archaeology, Language, and the African Past". Canadian Journal of African Studies. Review. 41 (3): 574–579. JSTOR 40380107.
- ↑ Rachael, Abujah (2018-11-08). "British anthropologist advises against ranching in Nigeria". EnviroNews Nigeria. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
- ↑ "British anthropologist advises against ranching in Nigeria". Royal News. 2018-11-09. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBlench - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Blench, Roger (August 2021). Written at University of Cambridge. "Relating linguistic reconstructions of plant names in Berber to the archaeobotany of North Africa". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports (in Turanci). Amsterdam: Elsevier. 38. Bibcode:2021JArSR..38j3009B. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103009. ISSN 2352-409X. OCLC 9064883704. S2CID 236255444 Check
|s2cid=value (help). Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Blench II" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Blench, Roger (June 2018). "Berber plant names and the archaeobotany of the Maghreb". University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: 9. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ 7.0 7.1 Blench, Roger (2021). "The peopling of the Canaries by the Berbers: new data and new hypotheses". Études et Documents Berbères. 1–2 (45–46): 149–173. doi:10.3917/edb.045.0151. S2CID 248869039 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Panaite, Elena (2021). "Tjehenou, Tjemeh et les libyens : à la recherche d'une langue libyque dans les premières sources écrites de l'Ancienne Égypte". Études et Documents Berbères. 1–2 (45–46): 315–328. doi:10.3917/edb.045.0317. S2CID 248870231 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBlench V - ↑ Blench, Roger (21 October 2017). "Africa over the last 12000 years: how we can interpret the interface of archaeology, linguistics and genetics". University of Cambridge: 20. Cite journal requires
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