Rubutun Adlam
| Rubutun Adlam | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | |
| Languages | Fillanci |
Parent systems |
|
| Direction | Template:ISO 15924 direction |
| ISO 15924 |
Adlm, 166 |
Unicode alias | Template:ISO 15924 alias |
Rubutun Adlam rubutu ne da ake amfani da shi wajen rubuta Fulani. Sunan Adlam wani acrony Ayoyin acrony Vervid 𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤁𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤂𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤃𞤵𞤤𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 an kuma samo shi daga haruffa huɗu na farko na haruffa (A, D, L, M), wanda ke nufin "haruffa masu kare al'umma daga bacewa". Yana kuma ɗaya daga cikin yawancin rubutukan asali da aka haɓaka don takamaiman harsuna a Yammacin Afirka.
Ana tallafawa Adlam a cikin tsarin aiki na Android da Chrome na Google. Akwai kuma Application na Android don aika saƙonnin wata a Adlam kuma don koyon haruffa. [1] A kan kwamfutocin da ke aiki da Microsoft Windows, akwai rubutun Adlam tun daga Windows 10 a sigar 1903, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu 2019. A kan macOS, Rubutun Adlam an sami goyan bayan asali daga Ventura a cikin 2022.[2]
Ci gaba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yayin da matasa a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ƴan'uwa biyu Ibrahima da Abdoulaye Barry suka tsara rubutun haruffa don rubuta harshen Fulatanci. Everson, Michael (28 October 2014).[3][4] Bayan shekaru da yawa na ci gaban ta ya fara karɓuwa a tsakanin al'ummomin Fulani, kuma a halin yanzu ana koyar da shi ba kawai a yankin Guinea, Najeriya, da Laberiya ba har ma da Turai da Amurka.
Wasika[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Adlam yana da duka manya da ƙananan haruffa. An rubuta su daga dama zuwa hagu.
| Capital | Minuscule | Latin | Arabic | Sunan harafi | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 𞤀 | 𞤢 | a | ا | a | a |
| 𞤁 | 𞤣 | d | د | da | d |
| 𞤂 | 𞤤 | l | ل | la | l |
| 𞤃 | 𞤥 | m | م | ma | m |
| 𞤄 | 𞤦 | b | ب | ba | b |
| 𞤅 | 𞤧 | s | س | sa | s |
| 𞤆 | 𞤨 | p | pa | p | |
| 𞤇 | 𞤩 | ɓ (bh) | bha | ɓ | |
| 𞤈 | 𞤪 | r | ر | ra | r/ɾ |
| 𞤉 | 𞤫 | e | è | e | |
| 𞤊 | 𞤬 | f | ف | fa | f |
| 𞤋 | 𞤭 | i | i | i | |
| 𞤌 | 𞤮 | o | ö | ɔ | |
| 𞤍 | 𞤯 | ɗ (dh) | dha | ɗ | |
| 𞤎 | 𞤰 | ƴ (yh) | yha | ʔʲ | |
| 𞤏 | 𞤱 | w | و | wâ | w |
| 𞤐 | 𞤲 | n, any syllable-final nasal | ن | na | n |
| 𞤑 | 𞤳 | k | ك | ka | k |
| 𞤒 | 𞤴 | y | ي | ya | j |
| 𞤓 | 𞤵 | u | ou | u | |
| 𞤔 | 𞤶 | j | ج | dja | dʒ |
| 𞤕 | 𞤷 | c | tcha | tʃ | |
| 𞤖 | 𞤸 | h | ح | ha | h |
| 𞤗 | 𞤹 | ɠ (q) | ق | gha | q |
| 𞤘 | 𞤺 | g | ga | ɡ | |
| 𞤙 | 𞤻 | ñ (ny) | gna | ɲ | |
| 𞤚 | 𞤼 | t | ت | ta | t |
| 𞤛 | 𞤽 | ŋ (nh) | nha | ŋ | |
| Supplemental: for other languages or for loanwords | |||||
| 𞤜 | 𞤾 | v | va | v | |
| 𞤝 | 𞤿 | x (kh) | خ | kha | x |
| 𞤞 | 𞥀 | ɡb | gbe | ɡ͡b | |
| 𞤟 | 𞥁 | z | ذ | zal | z |
| 𞤠 | 𞥂 | kp | kpo | k͡p | |
| 𞤡 | 𞥃 | sh | ش | sha | ʃ |
Ana samun haruffan ko dai an haɗa su da Larabci ko kuma a rarrabe - nau'in haɗakarwa ana amfani da su ta hanyar lanƙwasa ; duk da haka, ana amfani da nau'ikan daban ko toshe kuma ana amfani da su azaman farko don abun ciki na ilimi.
Littattafai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Adlam yana da nau'ikan yaruka masu yawa . Ana amfani da gyare-gyaren 'consonant' don samun ƙarin baƙaƙe, galibi daga Larabci, kama da misali s > š a rubutun Latin.
Amfani da mai gyara baƙi:
| Harafin Adlam da ake gyarawa | Daidai da harafin larabci |
|---|---|
| 𞤧𞥈 | ص |
| 𞤣𞥈 | ض |
| 𞤼𞥈 | ط |
| 𞤶𞥈 | ظ |
| 𞤢𞥈 | ع |
| 𞤺𞥈 | غ |
| 𞤸𞥈 | ه |
Amfani da ɗigo domin maye gurbin harufan da aka aro daga larabci:
| Harufan Adlam mai ɗigo | Daidai da harafin larabci |
|---|---|
| 𞤧𞥊 | ث |
| 𞤶𞥊 | ز |
Amfani da ɗigo a harufan gida:
| Harufan Adlam masu ɗigo | Furuci |
|---|---|
| 𞤫𞥊 | e, as opposed to è or ɛ; ɗigo a sama |
| 𞤫𞥊𞥅 | long e; digo a kasa da mai tsayi wasali a sama |
| 𞤮𞥊 | o, kishiyar ɔ |
| 𞤮𞥊𞥅 | dogo o, digo a ƙasa da mai tsayin wasali a sama |
Lambobi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ba kamar rubutun Larabci ba, lambobin Adlam suna tafiya iri ɗaya (dama zuwa hagu) kamar haruffa, kamar yadda yake a cikin rubutun N'Ko .
| Adlam | Hindu-Arabic |
|---|---|
| 𞥐 | 0 |
| 𞥑 | 1 |
| 𞥒 | 2 |
| 𞥓 | 3 |
| 𞥔 | 4 |
| 𞥕 | 5 |
| 𞥖 | 6 |
| 𞥗 | 7 |
| 𞥘 | 8 |
| 𞥙 | 9 |
Alamun rubutu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Alamun Adlam kamar Mutanen Espanya ne domin akwai nau'ikan farko da na ƙarshe na alamar tambaya da alamar motsin rai, waɗanda aka sanya kafin da bayan jumla ko magana ko magana.
| Adlam | Latin |
|---|---|
| . | . |
| ⹁ | , |
| : | : |
| ⁏ | ; |
| 𞥟 … 𞥟 | ¿ … ? |
| 𞥞 … 𞥞 | ¡ … ! |
Ana amfani da saƙar don karya kalmar, kuma akwai duka bakan gizo da baƙar fata biyu.
Unicode[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An ƙara haruffan Adlam zuwa Matsayin Unicode a watan Yuni 2016 tare da sakin sigar 9.0. Toshe Unicode na Adlam shine U+1E900–U+1E95F:Template:Unicode chart Adlam
Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Winden Jangen Adlam: Cellphone Applications
- ↑ Bach, Deborah; Lerner, Sara (July 29, 2019). "Adlam Comes Online". Microsoft. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
- ↑ Everson, Michael (28 October 2014). "N4628R: Revised proposal for encoding the Adlam script in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF). Retrieved 22 June 2016.
- ↑ Waddell, Kaveh (16 November 2016). "The Alphabet That Will Save a People From Disappearing". The Atlantic.