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Rufewar zagayawar thermohaline

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Rufewar zagayawar thermohaline
Ruwa na yanzu
Bayanai
Gajeren suna AMOC da АМОЦ
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku Tekun Atalanta
Ƙasantuwa a yanayin ƙasa Tekun Atalanta
Wuri
Taswirar taswirar Tekun Nordic da basins na subpolar tare da raƙuman ruwa (tsayayyen raƙuman raƙuman ƙasa) da raƙuma mai zurfi (tsarin da aka ɓoye) waɗanda suka zama wani ɓangare na zagayawar juyawa ta Atlantic. Launuka na layin suna nuna kimanin yanayin zafi.

Yankin Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) shine babban tsarin teku na yanzu a cikin Tekun Atlantika. ::2238 Yana da wani bangare na tsarin yaduwar teku na Duniya kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin yanayi. AMOC ya haɗa da raƙuman ruwa na Atlantic a farfajiya da zurfin da ke motsawa ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin yanayi, zafin jiki da salinity. Wadannan raƙuman ruwa sun ƙunshi rabin yaduwar thermohaline na duniya wanda ya haɗa da kwararar manyan raƙuman teku, ɗayan rabin shine Yankin Kudancin Kudancin.[1]

AMOC ya ƙunshi kwararar arewacin ruwan dumi, mai gishiri a cikin sassan Atlantic da kuma kudu, dawowar ruwan sanyi, mai gishirin, mai zurfi. Ruwa mai dumi daga kudu ya fi gishiri ('halocline') saboda yawan evaporation a cikin yankin mai zafi. Ruwa mai ruwan gishiri mai dumi yana samar da saman teku ('thermocline'), amma lokacin da wannan Layer ya sanyaya, yawan ruwan gishiri yana ƙaruwa, yana sa ya nutse cikin zurfi. Wannan wani muhimmin bangare ne na motar tsarin AMOC. An haɗa gaɓoɓin ta yankuna na juyawa a cikin Tekun Nordic da Tekun Kudancin. Shafukan juyawa suna da alaƙa da musayar zafi mai tsanani, iskar oxygen, carbon da sauran abubuwan gina jiki, kuma suna da mahimmanci ga tsarin halittu na teku da aikinsa a matsayin sink carbon.[2][3] Canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin AMOC na iya shafar abubuwa da yawa na tsarin yanayi.

Canjin yanayi na iya raunana AMOC ta hanyar haɓaka abun ciki na zafi na teku da haɓakar ruwan ruwa daga narkakken zanen kankara . [4] Nazarin ta yin amfani da sake gina gine-ginen teku sun nuna cewa As of 2015 , AMOC ya yi rauni fiye da kafin juyin juya halin masana'antu . [5] Akwai muhawara game da gudunmawar dangi na dalilai daban-daban kuma ba a san yadda yawancin wannan rauni ya kasance ba saboda sauyin yanayi ko kuma yanayin yanayin yanayi na wurare dabam dabam fiye da shekaru dubu. [6] [7] Samfuran yanayi sun yi hasashen AMOC za ta ƙara yin rauni a cikin ƙarni na 21st. :19Wannan raunin zai rage matsakaicin zafin iska akan Scandinavia, Biritaniya, da Ireland, saboda waɗannan yankuna suna dumama ta Arewacin Tekun Atlantika A halin yanzu . [8] Rauni na AMOC zai kuma hanzarta hawan teku a kusa da Arewacin Amirka da kuma rage samar da farko a Arewacin Atlantic. [9]

Rashin ƙarfi mai tsanani na AMOC na iya haifar da rushewar yaduwar, wanda ba zai zama mai sauƙin juyawa ba kuma ta haka ne ya zama ɗaya daga cikin maki masu tasowa a cikin tsarin yanayi.[10] Rushewa zai rage matsakaicin zafin jiki da yawan ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara a Turai.[11][12] Hakanan yana iya haɓaka yawan abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi kuma yana da wasu sakamako masu tsanani. [13]

Tsarin gaba ɗaya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
AMOC in relation to the global thermohaline circulation (animation)

Yankin Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) shine babban tsarin yanzu a cikin Tekun Atlantika ::2238 kuma yana daga cikin yaduwar thermohaline na duniya, wanda ke haɗa tekuna na duniya tare da "belin mai jigilar kaya" guda ɗaya na musayar ruwa mai ci gaba. [14] Yawancin lokaci, ruwan da ba shi da zafi, ruwan da ke da gishiri yana zaune a saman teku yayin da zurfin yadudduka suka fi sanyi, da yawa kuma sun fi gishiri, a cikin abin da aka sani da tsinkaye na teku.[15] Ruwa mai zurfi a ƙarshe yana samun zafi da / ko ya rasa salinity a cikin musayar tare da haɗin teku, kuma ya zama ƙasa da yawa kuma ya tashi zuwa farfajiya. Bambance-bambance a cikin zafin jiki da salinity sun wanzu tsakanin yadudduka na teku da kuma tsakanin sassan Tekun Duniya, kuma tare suna fitar da yaduwar thermohaline.[14] Tekun Pacific ba shi da gishiri fiye da sauran tekuna saboda yana karɓar ruwan sama mai yawa.[16] Ruwa na sama bai isa ba don nutsewa ƙasa da daruruwan mita, ma'ana ruwan teku mai zurfi dole ne ya zo daga wasu wurare.[14]

Ruwa na teku a Arewacin Atlantic ya fi gishiri fiye da na Pacific, wani bangare saboda yawan evaporation a saman yana mai da hankali kan gishiri a cikin sauran ruwa kuma wani bangare kuma saboda kankara ta teku kusa da Arctic Circle yana fitar da gishiri yayin da yake daskarewa a lokacin hunturu.[17] Har ma mafi mahimmanci, ruwan da aka bushe a cikin Tekun Atlantika ana ɗaukar shi da sauri ta hanyar yaduwar yanayi kafin ya iya komawa baya kamar ruwan sama. Iska ta kasuwanci yana motsa wannan danshi a fadin Amurka ta tsakiya da gabashin Arewacin Pacific, inda yake fadowa kamar ruwan sama.[18] Manyan tsaunuka irin su Tibetan Plateau, Rocky Mountains da Andes suna hana duk wani jigilar danshi zuwa Atlantic.[19]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean". NOAA. 29 March 2023. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  2. ↑ Buckley, Martha W.; Marshall, John (2016). "Observations, inferences, and mechanisms of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: A review". Reviews of Geophysics (in Turanci). 54 (1): 5–63. Bibcode:2016RvGeo..54....5B. doi:10.1002/2015RG000493. ISSN 8755-1209. S2CID 54013534. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  3. ↑ Lozier, M. S.; Li, F.; Bacon, S.; Bahr, F.; Bower, A. S.; Cunningham, S. A.; de Jong, M. F.; de Steur, L.; deYoung, B.; Fischer, J.; Gary, S. F. (2019). "A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic". Science (in Turanci). 363 (6426): 516–521. Bibcode:2019Sci...363..516L. doi:10.1126/science.aau6592. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30705189. S2CID 59567598.
  4. ↑ "Historic iceberg surges offer insights on modern climate change". The Current (in Turanci). 2024-05-30. Archived from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  5. ↑ Caesar, L.; McCarthy, G.D.; Thornalley, D. J. R.; Cahill, N.; Rahmstorf, S. (25 February 2021). "Current Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation weakest in last millennium" (PDF). Nature Geoscience. 14 (3): 118–120. Bibcode:2021NatGe..14..118C. doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00699-z. S2CID 232052381 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  6. ↑ Latif, Mojib; Sun, Jing; Visbeck, Martin; Bordbar (25 April 2022). "Natural variability has dominated Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation since 1900". Nature Climate Change. 12 (5): 455–460. Bibcode:2022NatCC..12..455L. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01342-4. S2CID 248385988 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  7. ↑ Kilbourne, Kelly Halimeda; et, al. (17 February 2022). "Atlantic circulation change still uncertain". Nature Geoscience. 15 (3): 165–167. Bibcode:2022NatGe..15..165K. doi:10.1038/s41561-022-00896-4. S2CID 246901665 Check |s2cid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  8. ↑ Lenton, T. M.; Held, H.; Kriegler, E.; Hall, J. W.; Lucht, W.; Rahmstorf, S.; Schellnhuber, H. J. (2008). "Inaugural Article: Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (6): 1786–1793. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.1786L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0705414105. PMC 2538841. PMID 18258748.
  9. ↑ Schmittner, Andreas (31 March 2005). "Decline of the marine ecosystem caused by a reduction in the Atlantic overturning circulation". Nature. 434 (7033): 628–633. Bibcode:2005Natur.434..628S. doi:10.1038/nature03476. PMID 15800620. S2CID 2751408.
  10. ↑ "Explainer: Nine 'tipping points' that could be triggered by climate change". Carbon Brief (in Turanci). 2020-02-10. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
  11. ↑ Armstrong McKay, David; Abrams, Jesse; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Sakschewski, Boris; Loriani, Sina; Fetzer, Ingo; Cornell, Sarah; Rockström, Johan; Staal, Arie; Lenton, Timothy (9 September 2022). "Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points". Science (in Turanci). 377 (6611): eabn7950. doi:10.1126/science.abn7950. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 36074831 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 252161375 Check |s2cid= value (help). Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  12. ↑ "Atlantic circulation collapse could cut British crop farming". Phys.org (in Turanci). 13 January 2020. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  13. ↑ Hansen, J.; Sato, M.; Hearty, P.; Ruedy, R.; Kelley, M.; et al. (2015-07-23). "Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming is highly dangerous" (PDF). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 15 (14): 20059–20179. Bibcode:2015ACPD...1520059H. doi:10.5194/acpd-15-20059-2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  14. 1 2 3 Broecker, Wallace (1991). "The great ocean conveyor" (PDF). Oceanography. 4 (2): 79–89. doi:10.5670/oceanog.1991.07.
  15. ↑ Yamaguchi, Ryohei; Suga, Toshio (12 December 2019). "Trend and Variability in Global Upper-Ocean Stratification Since the 1960s". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 124 (12): 8933–8948. Bibcode:2019JGRC..124.8933Y. doi:10.1029/2019JC015439.
  16. ↑ Craig, Philip M.; Ferreira, David; Methven, John (8 June 2017). "The contrast between Atlantic and Pacific surface water fluxes". Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography. 69 (1): 1330454. Bibcode:2017TellA..6930454C. doi:10.1080/16000870.2017.1330454.
  17. ↑ "Salinity and Brine". NSIDC. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  18. ↑ Wang, Chunzai; Zhang, Liping; Lee, Sang-Ki (15 February 2013). "Response of Freshwater Flux and Sea Surface Salinity to Variability of the Atlantic Warm Pool". Journal of Climate. 26 (4): 1249–1267. Bibcode:2013JCli...26.1249W. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00284.1.
  19. ↑ Yang, Haijun; Jiang, Rui; Wen, Qin; Liu, Yimin; Wu, Guoxiong; Huang, Jiangping (23 March 2024). "The role of mountains in shaping the global meridional overturning circulation". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 2602. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.2602Y. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46856-x. PMC 10960852 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 38521775 Check |pmid= value (help).
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