Rufin da ya dace
 Rufin da ya dace | |
|---|---|
| Canjin hasken rana | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
building design (en)  |
| Amfani | Rage canjin yanayi |
| Fuskar | Albedo |
| Has goal (en) |
increase (en) da reduction (en) |
Filayen tunani, ko gyaran albedo na tushen ƙasa (GBAM), hanya ce ta sarrafa hasken rana don haɓaka albedo ta Duniya (ikon nuna hangen nesa, infrared, da ultraviolet raƙuman Rana, rage canjin zafi zuwa saman). IPCC ta bayyana GBAM a matsayin "farin rufin rufin, canje-canjen sarrafa amfanin ƙasa (misali, noma ba-har sai noma), canjin albedo a sikeli mai girma (wanda ke rufe glaciers ko sahara tare da zane mai haske da canje-canje a cikin tekun albedo).":348
Mafi sanannun nau'in farfajiyar nunawa shine nau'in rufin da ake kira "rufin sanyi". Duk da yake rufin sanyi suna da alaƙa da fararen rufin, suna zuwa cikin launuka da kayan aiki iri-iri kuma suna samuwa ga gine-ginen kasuwanci da na zama.[1] Fintura kayan rufin a fararen ko launuka masu launin shuɗi don nuna hasken rana ana ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar doka a wasu yankuna (musamman California). [2]
Wannan dabarar tana iyakance a cikin tasirin ta ta hanyar iyakanceccen yanki don magani. Wannan dabarar na iya ba da tsakanin 0.01 da 0.19 W / m2 na matsakaicin tilastawa mara kyau a duniya, dangane da ko birane ko duk ƙauyuka ana bi da Wannan karamin dangi ne ga 3.7 W / m2 na tilasta mai kyau daga ninka carbon dioxide na yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da a cikin ƙananan lokuta, ana iya cimma shi a ƙarami ko babu farashi ta hanyar zaɓin kayan aiki daban-daban, yana iya zama mai tsada idan an aiwatar da shi a kan sikelin da ya fi girma.
Wani rahoto na Royal Society na 2 ya bayyana cewa "babban farashin 'hanyar farar rufin' da ke rufe yanki na 1% na farfajiyar ƙasa (kimanin 1012 m2) zai kasance kusan dala biliyan 300 / shekara, yana mai da wannan ɗayan hanyoyin da ba su da tasiri kuma mafi tsada da aka yi la'akari". Koyaya, yana iya rage buƙatar sanyaya iska, wanda ke fitar da carbon dioxide kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga dumamar duniya.
Hanyar da ake amfani da ita
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A matsayin hanyar magance dumamar yanayi na duniya, rahoton IPCC 2018 ya nuna cewa yiwuwar rage yawan zafin jiki na duniya "ƙarami ne," duk da haka yana cikin babban yarjejeniya game da amincewa da canje-canjen zafin jiki daga 1-3 ° C a kan sikelin yanki. Ƙayyadadden aikace-aikacen farfajiyar nunawa na iya rage tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane.
Ana iya amfani da farfajiyar nunawa don canza albedo na yankunan noma da birane, yana lura da cewa canjin albedo 0.04-0.1 a cikin birane da yankunan noma na iya rage yanayin zafi na duniya ta hanyar wucewa 1.0 ° C.
Hanyar da ake amfani da ita ita tana kama da sanyaya ta rana (PDRC) saboda duka biyun suna ƙasa. Duk da haka, PDRC yana mai da hankali kan "ƙara fitar da zafi daga Duniya maimakon kawai rage yawan hasken rana".[3]
Nau'o'in farfajiyar da ke nunawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rufin Rufi Mai Kyau
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rufin sanyi a yanayin zafi na iya ba da fa'idodi na nan take da na dogon lokaci, gami da:
- Tattara har zuwa 15% na amfani da makamashi na shekara-shekara don gini mai hawa ɗaya [1]
- Taimako wajen rage tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane.
- Rage gurɓataccen iska da hayaki mai ɗorewa, da kuma raguwa mai mahimmanci na tasirin dumama na hayaki mai hayaki.[4]
Rufin sanyi yana samun tanadin makamashi a lokacin zafi amma yana iya ƙara nauyin makamashi mai zafi a lokacin hunturu mai sanyi. Sabili da haka, adana wutar lantarki na rufin sanyi ya bambanta dangane da yanayi. Koyaya, binciken ingancin makamashi na 2010 kallon wannan batun don gine-ginen kasuwanci masu sanyaya iska a duk faɗin Amurka ya gano cewa ajiyar sanyaya na rani yawanci ya fi ƙarfin hukuncin dumama na hunturu har ma a yanayin sanyi kusa da iyakar Kanada da Amurka yana ba da ajiya a cikin wutar lantarki da hayaki.[5] Ba tare da shirin kulawa mai kyau ba don kiyaye kayan tsabta, tanadin makamashi na rufin sanyi na iya raguwa a tsawon lokaci saboda lalacewar albedo da datti.[6]
Binciken samfurin tasirin raguwar zafin jiki saboda rufin sanyi a London a lokacin zafi na Isles na Burtaniya na 2018 ya gano cewa mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da zafi a wannan lokacin (wanda aka kiyasta 655-920) na iya ragewa da 249 (32%) a cikin al'amuran inda ake zaton duk gine-gine suna da rufin sanyi. Yin amfani da darajar rayuwar kididdiga, amfanin da aka samu dangane da kauce wa mutuwar da aka samu don sanyi an kiyasta shi a ajiyar fam miliyan 615.[7]
Bincike da gogewa mai amfani tare da lalacewar membranes na rufin sama da shekaru da yawa sun nuna cewa zafi daga rana yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi karfi da ke shafar dorewa. Babban yanayin zafi da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci, a yanayi ko yau da kullun, a matakin rufin suna da lahani ga tsawon rayuwar membranes na rufin. Rage matsanancin canjin zafin jiki zai rage abin da ya faru na lalacewar tsarin membrane. Rufe membranes tare da kayan da ke nuna ultraviolet da infrared radiation zai rage lalacewar da UV da zafi suka haifar. Fararen farfajiyar suna nuna fiye da rabin radiation da ya kai su, yayin da farfajiyoyin baƙar fata ke sha kusan duka. Farin ko fararen rufin rufin ko fararen murfin dutse zai zama mafi kyawun hanyar sarrafa waɗannan matsalolin inda dole ne a bar membranes a fallasa ga hasken rana. .
Idan duk birane, rufin da ke cikin yanayi mai dumi sun yi fari, sakamakon karuwar kashi 10% a cikin haskakawar duniya zai kawar da tasirin dumama na 24 gigatonnes na hayakin gas, ko daidai da ɗaukar motoci miliyan 300 daga hanya na shekaru 20. Wannan shi ne saboda rufin farar mita 93 (1,000 sq zai kawar da tan 10 na carbon dioxide a tsawon rayuwarsa ta shekaru 20. A cikin binciken da aka yi a duniya a shekara ta 2008 na sanyaya mai yawa daga karuwar haskakawa, an gano cewa Lardin Almeria, Kudancin Spain, ya sanyaya 1.6 °C (2.9 °F) ° C (2.9 ° F) a tsawon shekaru 20 idan aka kwatanta da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi, sakamakon shigar da ɗakunan da aka rufe da polythene a kan babban yanki wanda a baya ya kasance hamada.[8] A lokacin rani, manoma suna farfado da waɗannan rufin don sanyaya shuke-shuke.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Farhan, Syed Ahmad; Ismail, Fouad Ismail; Kiwan, Osamah; Shafiq, Nasir; Zain-Ahmed, Azni; Husna, Nadzhratul; Hamid, Afif Izwan Abd (2021). "Effect of Roof Tile Colour on Heat Conduction Transfer, Roof-Top Surface Temperature and Cooling Load in Modern Residential Buildings under the Tropical Climate of Malaysia". Sustainability. 13 (9): 4665. doi:10.3390/su13094665. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "10.3390/su13094665" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Akbari, Hashem; et al. (2008). "Global Cooling: Increasing World-wide Urban Albedos to Offset CO2" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2009.
- ↑ Munday, Jeremy (2019). "Tackling Climate Change through Radiative Cooling". Joule. 3 (9): 2057–2060. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.010. S2CID 201590290.
- ↑ Akbari, Hashem; Menon, Surabi; Rosenfeld, Arthur (June 2009). "Global cooling: increasing world-wide urban albedos to offset CO2". Climatic Change. 94 (3–4): 275–286. Bibcode:2009ClCh...94..275A. doi:10.1007/s10584-008-9515-9. S2CID 18895593.
- ↑ Levinson, Ronnen; Akbari, Hashem (March 2010). "Potential benefits of cool roofs on commercial buildings: conserving energy, saving money, and reducing emission of greenhouse gases and air pollutants". Energy Efficiency. 3 (1): 53–109. doi:10.1007/s12053-008-9038-2. S2CID 154109051.
- ↑ Bretz, Sarah E.; Akbari, Hashem (January 1997). "Long-term performance of high-albedo roof coatings". Energy and Buildings. 25 (2): 159–167. doi:10.1016/S0378-7788(96)01005-5. Archived from the original on 2021-11-22. Retrieved 2020-10-26.
- ↑ Simpson, C. H., Brousse, O., Taylor, T., Grellier, J., Taylor, J., Fleming, L. E., Davies, M., Heaviside, C. (1 October 2024). "Modeled temperature, mortality impact and external benefits of cool roofs and rooftop photovoltaics in London". Nature Cities. Nature Publishing Group: 1–9. doi:10.1038/s44284-024-00138-1. ISSN 2731-9997.
- ↑ Campra, Pablo; Monica Garcia; Yolanda Canton; Alicia Palacios-Orueta (2008). "Surface temperature cooling trends and negative radiative forcing due to land use change toward greenhouse farming in southeastern Spain". Journal of Geophysical Research. 113 (D18): D18109. Bibcode:2008JGRD..11318109C. doi:10.1029/2008JD009912.
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