Rukunin Mutuwa
 Rukunin Mutuwa | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | daki |
| Bangare na |
prison (en)  |
| Fuskar | hukuncin kisa |
| Yadda ake kira mace | condamnée à mort |
Rukunin Mutuwa, wanda aka fi sani da Rukunin da aka hukunta, wuri ne a cikin kurkuku wanda ke da gidaje ga fursunoni da ke jiran kisa bayan an yanke musu hukunci da laifin kisa kuma An yanke masa hukuncin kisa. Ana kuma amfani da kalmar a alamance don bayyana yanayin jiran kisa ("kasancewa a kan layin mutuwa"), har ma a wuraren da babu kayan aiki na musamman ko kuma na'ura ta daban don fursunoni da aka yanke musu hukunci. A Amurka, bayan an sami mutum da laifin aikata laifuka a jihohin da kisa hukunci ne na doka, alƙalin zai ba juri damar yanke hukuncin kisa ko ɗaurin rai da rai ba tare da izini ba. Sa'an nan kuma ya rage ga juriya don yanke shawara ko za a ba da hukuncin kisa; wannan yawanci dole ne ya zama yanke shawara ɗaya. Idan juriya ta yarda da mutuwa, wanda ake tuhuma zai kasance a kan layin mutuwa yayin da ake daukaka kara da kuma tsarin habeas corpus, wanda zai iya ci gaba da shekaru da yawa.
Masu adawa da hukuncin kisa suna da'awar cewa warewar fursunoni da rashin tabbas game da makomarsu sun zama wani nau'i na Cin zarafin tunani kuma musamman fursunoni masu tsawo suna iya kamuwa da cuta ta hankali, idan ba su riga sun sami irin wannan yanayin ba. Ana kiran wannan a matsayin abin da ya faru a jere na mutuwa. Kimanin ya nuna cewa kashi biyar zuwa goma cikin dari na dukkan fursunoni a kan layin mutuwa suna da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa.[1] Wasu fursunoni na iya ƙoƙarin kashe kansu. Akwai wasu kira don hanawa kan aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ga fursunoni masu fama da rashin lafiya na kwakwalwa da kuma shari'ar shari'a kamar Atkins v. Virginia don ci gaba da wannan.[2] Har yanzu ana aiwatar da kisa ga waɗanda ke da nakasa ta hankali saboda rashin wakilcin shari'a da ƙa'idodin hujja.[3]
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A 1933, Giuseppe Zangara ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe zababben shugaban kasar Franklin D. Roosevelt . Kodayake ya rasa Roosevelt, ya harbe magajin garin Chicago Anton Cermak. Daga baya aka yanke wa Zangara hukunci kan kisan Cermak kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa. A lokacin, dokar Florida ta haramta sanya wani fursuna a cikin tantanin halitta guda kamar wani fursuna da ke jiran kisa. A sakamakon haka, ana buƙatar irin waɗannan fursunoni a cikin wani yanki daban. A gidan yarin Raiford, inda aka tsare Zangara, wani fursuna ya riga ya mamaye "sashin mutuwa". Don karɓar Zangara. "
Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A Amurka, fursunoni na iya jira shekaru da yawa kafin a aiwatar da kisa saboda hanyoyin da suka dace da kuma cin lokaci da aka ba da umarni a cikin ikon. Lokaci tsakanin yanke hukunci da kisa ya karu sosai tsakanin 1977 da 2010, gami da tsalle-tsalle na 21% tsakanin 1989 da 1990 da kuma irin wannan tsalle tsakanin 2008 da 2009. A shekara ta 2010, wani fursuna na mutuwa ya jira matsakaicin watanni 178 (shekaru 14 da watanni 10) tsakanin yanke hukunci da kisa.[4] Kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na fursunoni a kan layin mutuwa a Amurka sun mutu ne saboda dalilai na halitta yayin jiran kisa.[5]
Akwai mutane 2,721 a kan layin mutuwa a Amurka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2018. [6] Ya zuwa 2024, mutane 2,183 suna kan layi na mutuwa a Amurka.[7] Tun daga shekara ta 1977, jihohin Texas (464), Virginia (108) da Oklahoma (94) sun kashe mafi yawan fursunoni na mutuwa.[8] Ya zuwa 2010, California (683), Florida (390), Texas (330) da Pennsylvania (218) sun ba da fiye da rabin dukkan fursunoni da ke jiran layin mutuwa. Gary Alvord ya isa layin mutuwa na Florida a shekara ta 1974 kuma ya mutu shekaru 39 bayan haka a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2013, daga ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa, bayan ya kwashe lokaci mai yawa a layin mutuwa fiye da kowane Ba'amurke. Brandon Astor Jones ya shafe shekaru 36 a kan layin mutuwa (tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin yawan fursunoni a lokacin shari'ar sake yanke masa hukunci) kafin a kashe shi saboda kisan kai da jihar Georgia ta yi a 2016, yana da shekaru 72. [9] Tsohon fursuna a kan layin mutuwa a Amurka shine Leroy Nash, mai shekaru 94, a Arizona. Ya mutu ne a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2010.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ J. Wilson, Richard (2016). "The Death Penalty and Mental Illness in International Human Rights Law: Toward Abolition". Washington and Lee Law Review. 73 (3): 1470. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Mental Illness". Death Penalty Information Centre. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Intellectual Disability". Death Penalty Information Centre. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
- ↑ "Department of Justice: Capital Punishment, 2010 Figures". Journalist's Resource.org. January 4, 2012.
- ↑ "United States Department of Justice". usdoj.gov. Archived from the original on August 21, 2007. Retrieved August 21, 2007.
- ↑ "DEATH PENALTY INFORMATION CENTER : Facts about the Death Penalty" (PDF). Deathpenaltyinfo.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 9, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ↑ "The Death Penalty in 2024". Death Penalty Information Center (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-01-21.
- ↑ "Department of Justice: Capital Punishment, 2010 Figures". Journalist's Resource.org. January 4, 2012.
- ↑ "Facing Execution at 72, Georgia's Oldest Death Row Inmate Exposes Death Penalty's Racist Roots". Theintercept.com. January 31, 2016.