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Rundunar Sojojin Gabas

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

Corps Expéditionnaire d'Orient (Oriental Expeditionary Force) (Shugaba) rundunar balaguro ce ta Faransa da aka tashe don hidima a lokacin Yakin Gallipoli a yakin duniya na farko. Da farko rundunar ta kunshi ƙungiyar sojoji guda ɗaya, amma daga baya ta girma zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu. Ya shiga jiki fada a kusa da Kum Kale, a gefen Asiya na Dardanelles, a farkon yakin kafin a tura shi zuwa Cape Helles inda ya yi yaƙi tare da ƙungiyoyin Burtaniya don sauran yakin. A watan Oktoba 1915, an sake rage rundunar zuwa kashi ɗaya kuma a ƙarshe an kwashe ta daga tsibirin Gallipoli a watan Janairun 1916 lokacin da ta daina wanzuwa.[1]

Kafawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Da farko, rundunar ta kunshi sojoji 16,700 da aka tsara a cikin ƙungiya ɗaya, wanda ya ƙunshi brigades biyu, wanda ya haɗa da sojojin "metropolitan" na Faransa, da na mulkin mallaka.[2][3][4] Abubuwan da ake kira manyan birane sun haɗa da battalions biyu na Zouaves, [5] galibi an ɗauke su daga mazauna Faransa (Pieds-Noirs) a Aljeriya da Tunisiya, tare da battalion ɗaya na Legion na Ƙasashen Waje, duka nau'ikan dakarun da ke da alaƙa da Gundumar Sojoji ta 19 ta Metropolitan Faransa, wanda aka sani da Armee d'Afrique.[6] Rundunar sojan Faransa ta 175 ta haɗu da su, dakarunta da sauran gundumomin soja 18 na (ƙasar) Metropolitan Faransa suka bayar. Sojojin mulkin mallaka sun kunshi duka 'yan Senegala na Yammacin Afirka da fararen ma'aikatan mulkin mallaka ("marsouins"), wanda ya kai battalions hudu da biyu bi da bi.[6] Sojojin suna da bindigogi masu karfi, wadanda suka hada da filaye shida da batirin dutse guda biyu, amma saboda an tashe su da sauri, sun sami horo ne kawai a matsayin tsari.[3][lower-alpha 1] Tare da brigades guda biyu kawai ya fi karami fiye da ƙungiyoyin Burtaniya waɗanda suka shiga cikin kamfen ɗin, tare da ƙarfin mutane 16,762. [2][8]

Daga baya a cikin yakin, an fadada rundunar don hada da rukuni na biyu.[3] Sojojin goyon baya da ƙarin bindigogi an tura su zuwa Gallipoli. [lower-alpha 2] [10] Sojoji huɗu na sojan doki ma sun kasance, an sake sunan rukunin a matsayin 8th na wucin gadi na Chasseurs d'Afrique a ranar 29 ga Yulin 1915.[11][12]

Sojojin da aka sanya wa rundunar sun sa tufafi masu launi daban-daban, har ma a yaƙi, sabanin waɗanda wasu ƙasashe suka sa waɗanda suka yi yaƙi tare da su. Wakilin yaki Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett, yana rubutu daga Gallipoli, ya ba da wannan labarin game da wani yanayi a kusa da Krithia a watan Mayu 1915:

"Babu wani abu mai ban sha'awa na launi da ba ya cikin wurin, kamar yadda yake a mafi yawan yaƙe-yaƙe na zamani, domin a cikin kore da rawaya na filayen da lambuna tufafin shuɗi mai duhu na Senegalese, jan wando na Zouaves, da sabon tufafin shudi mai haske na Sojoji sun nuna bambanci mai kyau a cikin yawancin mutanen Burtaniya".[13]

Ayyukan aiki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sojojin Faransa sun sauka a Lemnos, 1915, kafin yakin Gallipoli .

Bayan shigar Daular Ottoman cikin yaki a gefen Tsakiyar Tsakiya a ƙarshen 1914, Abokan hulɗa sun fara shirye-shirye don kama Dardanelles don tabbatar da hanyar samarwa zuwa Rasha.[3] A matsayin wani ɓangare na waɗannan shirye-shiryen, an tashe Corps Expeditionnaire d'Orient a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 1915 a ƙarƙashin umurnin Janar Albert d'Amade, wanda a baya ya yi aiki a Maroko da Yammacin Gabas. [14][15][3]

A cikin Fabrairu da Maris, sojojin ruwa na Anglo-Faransa sun yi ƙoƙari su shiga cikin Dardanelles, tare da taimakon ƙananan ƙungiyoyin saukowa waɗanda aka sanya su a bakin teku don lalata ganuwar Ottoman.[3] An gudanar da ƙananan ayyuka da yawa, tun daga ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, amma mummunan yanayi ya hana su wanda ya jinkirta babban harin har zuwa 18 ga Maris. Shigar da ƙuƙwalwar a cikin hasken rana mai faɗi, batirin bakin teku na Ottoman sun shiga cikin karfi kuma bayan asarar nauyi daga ma'adanai da harbe-harbe, an tilasta musu su juya baya.[3] Bayan wannan, dabarun Allied don kama Dardanelles sun juya zuwa saukowa mai girma.[3]

Sojojin mulkin mallaka na rukuni na biyu a kan hanyar zuwa Gallipoli a watan Mayu 1915

An kafa shi da sauri, bayan sun taru a Lemnos babu lokacin da rundunar za ta gudanar da horo mai yawa kafin a shiga yakin basasa.[1] A lokacin saukowar Allied na farko a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, rundunar ta yi saukowa mai ban sha'awa a bakin tekun Dardanelles na Asiya a kusa da Kum Kale, don karkatar da sojojin Ottoman daga manyan saukowa a kan tsibirin Gallipoli, da kuma rushe bindigogin Ottoman wanda zai iya harba a kan manyan saukowar.[1] Rundunar Sojojin mulkin mallaka ta 6 ta jagoranci ƙungiyar a bakin teku, tare da goyon bayan jiragen ruwa uku da jirgin yaki na Rasha. Wani ɓangare na raƙuman ruwa na farko ya juya baya ta hanyar wuta mai tsanani, amma sauran sun sami damar zuwa bakin teku kuma sun ci gaba da tabbatar da ƙauyen da sansanin Ottoman. A cikin shekara ta 26 ga Afrilu, rundunar Ottoman ta 3 ta kai hari, amma washegari, bayan sun rasa sama da 2,200 da aka kashe ko suka ji rauni, Ottomans sun fara mika wuya ga Faransanci da yawa. Duk da haka, an janye Faransanci ba da daɗewa ba, bayan sun rasa kimanin 300 da aka kashe kuma 500 suka ji rauni.[1][1]

Manazarta

  1. ↑ Ferreira, Sylvain (8 January 2016). "Janvier 1916 : l'évacuation finale". Dardanelles 1915–2015 LE CORPS EXPÉDITIONNAIRE D’ORIENT (in Faransanci). Retrieved 30 August 2020. The first regiment of the [remaining French] Brigade to withdraw was evacuated on the night of the 1st/2nd January.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Erickson 2001.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Haythornthwaite 2004.
  4. ↑ War diary CEO 22 February 1915.
  5. ↑ "Foreign Legion in the Balkans: 1915-1919". foreignlegion.info (in Turanci). Retrieved 22 June 2021. Here is the detailed history of the French Foreign Legion in the Balkans during the First World War.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hure 1972.
  7. ↑ Lepetit, Tournyol du Clos & Rinieri 1923, pp. 539–542.
  8. ↑ Hughes 2005.
  9. ↑ Lepetit, Tournyol du Clos & Rinieri 1923, p. 547.
  10. ↑ "Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient (C.E.O.): J.M.O. 22 février-5 mai 1915: 26 N 75/10 – Pièces justicatives 3 avril-16 septembre 1915" (JPG). Mémoire des hommes: Journaux des Unites (1914–1918) (in Faransanci). Ministere De la Defense. images 132 to 136 of 213. Retrieved 10 July 2020. Ordre de bataille 1 juin 1915 K34
  11. ↑ "8e REGIMENT DE MARCHE DES CHASSEURS D'AFRIQUE HISTOIRE SUCCINCT 1915–1917". Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  12. ↑ Ferreira, Sylvain (12 December 2015). "Document : une photo rare d'un chasseur d'Afrique". Dardanelles 1915–2015 LE CORPS EXPÉDITIONNAIRE D’ORIENT (in Faransanci). Retrieved 30 August 2020. Only the machine-gun company of this unit was deployed on the front line during the campaign.
  13. ↑ Ashmead-Bartlett 1927.
  14. ↑ Cartwright 2013.
  15. ↑ Lepetit, Tournyol du Clos & Rinieri 1923.


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