Rushe cinikin bayi a cikin Tekun Fasha
 Rushe cinikin bayi a cikin Tekun Fasha | |
|---|---|
decree (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Applies to jurisdiction (en) | Daular Usmaniyya |
| Ranar wallafa | 1847 |
Rushe cinikin bayi a cikin Tekun Fasha, yana nufin Firman Imperial ko Ferman ( Dokar) da Sultan Abdülmecid I ya bayar a shekarar 1847.[1] A hukumance ta haramta shigo da bayin Afirka zuwa yankin Ottoman ta hanyar cinikin bayi na Tekun Indiya na Tekun Farisa. Dokar ba ta shafi sauran hanyoyin cinikin bayi da ake safarar bayi zuwa Masarautar ba.[2]
Tarihi da Firman
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin gyare-gyaren da ke wakiltar tsarin kawar da bautar bayi da ake yi a hukumance a cikin Daular Ottoman, ciki har da Firman na shekarar 1830, Rushewar Kasuwar Bayin Istanbul (1847), Rushewar cinikin bayi a cikin Tekun Fasha (1847), Haramcin Circassian da cinikin bayi na Jojiya (1554-17), Hana cinikin bayi na Baƙaƙen fata (1554-17), Hana cinikin bayi na Georgian (1554-1185). da Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Ottoman na 1880.[3]
An ba da Firman ne a cikin wani lokaci lokacin da Daular Ottoman ta fuskanci matsin lamba na diflomasiyya daga yammacin Turai don murkushe cinikin bayi da bauta a cikin Daular Ottoman. Manufofin ruguzawa kuma sun yi daidai da yunƙurin sake fasalin zamani na zamanin Tanzimat.[4]
A cikin watan Janairu 1847, Sarkin Musulmi ya haramta shigo da bayin Afirka ta Tekun Farisa zuwa yankin Ottoman.[5] Musamman wannan ya shafi Ottoman na Iraki. Sarkin Musulmi ya umurci Gwamnansa a Bagadaza da ya haramta shigo da bayi daga Tekun Fasha a ƙarƙashin tutar Ottoman, sannan ya ba wa Birtaniyya izinin sarrafa jiragen ruwa da ake zargin bayi da ‘yantar da duk wani mai son bayi a Tekun Farisa.[6]
Duk da haka dokar ta kasance na musamman.[7] A cikin shekarar 1847, ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya a Bagadaza ya ruwaito cewa:
- Matsakaicin shigo da bayi a cikin Bussorah shine kawuna 2000 - a wasu shekaru adadin ya kai 3000, amma a cikin shekara ta 1836, saboda abin da ya kamata, don yanke ƙauna da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa daga imaman Muscat, ba a shigo da bayi sama da 1000 ba. [...] Daga cikin bayin da aka shigo da su, ana aika rabin zuwa garin Muntefick da ke kan Kogin Furat, mai suna Sook-ess-Shookh, daga inda aka riga aka shirya su a duk Kudancin Mesopotamiya, da Gabashin Siriya; ana fitar da kwata kai tsaye zuwa Bagadaza sauran kuma ana jibge su a Kasuwar Bussorah.[8]
Bayi daga gaɓar tekun Swahili na Gabashin Afirka inda har yanzu ana fataucinsu ta hanyar cinikin bayi a Tekun Indiya zuwa Tekun Farisa a cikin shekarar 1930s. Bautar da aka yi a Iraki irin wanda ba a soke ba sai a shekarar 1924.[9]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Farashin 1854
- Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Bawan Anglo-Masar
- Taron Anglo-Ottoman na 1880
- Kanunname na 1889
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Erdem, Y. (1996). Slavery in the Ottoman Empire and Its Demise 1800-1909. Storbritannien: Palgrave Macmillan UK
- ↑ Erdem, Y. (1996). Slavery in the Ottoman Empire and Its Demise 1800-1909. Storbritannien: Palgrave Macmillan UK
- ↑ The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery Throughout History. (2023). Tyskland: Springer International Publishing. p536
- ↑ Suzuki, H. (2023, August 23). African Slaves and the Persian Gulf. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. Retrieved 5 Sep. 2024, from https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-879.
- ↑ Suzuki, H. (2023, August 23). African Slaves and the Persian Gulf. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. Retrieved 5 Sep. 2024, from https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-879.
- ↑ Martin, V. (2021). The Abyssinian slave trade to Iran and the Rokeby case 1877. Middle Eastern Studies, 58(1), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2021.1919094
- ↑ Issawi, C. (1988). The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History. Storbritannien: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 192
- ↑ Samonova, E. (2019). Modern Slavery and Bonded Labour in South Asia: A Human Rights-Based Approach. Storbritannien: Taylor & Francis.
- ↑ Samonova, E. (2019). Modern Slavery and Bonded Labour in South Asia: A Human Rights-Based Approach. Storbritannien: Taylor & Francis.