Rushewar Zamanin Bronze
 Rushewar Zamanin Bronze | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
societal collapse (en)  | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Bangare na |
Late Bronze Age (en) | |||
| Lokacin farawa | 1200 "BCE" | |||
| Lokacin gamawa | 1150 "BCE" | |||
| Zangon lokaci |
Late Bronze Age (en) | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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Rushewar Late Bronze Age wani lokaci ne na rushewar al'umma a cikin Yankin Bahar Rum a cikin karni na 12 BC. An yi tunanin cewa ya shafi yawancin Gabashin Bahar Rum da Gabas ta Tsakiya, musamman Masar, Anatolia, Aegean, gabashin Libya, da Balkans. Rushewar ta kasance kwatsam, tashin hankali, kuma ta rushe al'adu ga yawancin wayewar Bronze Age, ta haifar da raguwar kayan aiki ga ikon da ke yankin a baya.
Tattalin arzikin gidan sarauta na Mycenaean Girka, yankin Aegean, da Anatoliya wanda ke da alaƙar zamanin Bronze Age ya wargaje, yana canzawa zuwa ƙananan al'adun ƙauyen ƙauye na zamanin zamanin Girkanci, wanda ya daɗe daga c. 1100 da c. 750 BC, kuma mafi sanannun Archaic Age sun biyo baya. Daular Hittiyawa da ke kewaye da Anatoliya da Levant ta ruguje, yayin da jihohi kamar Masarautar Assuriya ta Tsakiya a Mesopotamiya da sabuwar Masarautar Masar suka tsira da rauni. Wasu al'adu, irin su Phoenicians, sun more 'yancin kai da iko tare da raguwar sojojin Masar da Assuriya a Yammacin Asiya .
An gabatar da ra'ayoyin da suka shafi dalilin rushewar Late Bronze Age tun daga karni na 19, tare da mafi yawan abubuwan da suka shafi mummunar lalacewar birane da garuruwa. Wadannan sun hada da Canjin yanayi, fashewar dutsen wuta, fari, cututtuka, mamayewar Mutanen Tekun, rushewar tattalin arziki saboda karusar aikin ƙarfe, da canje-canje a cikin fasahar soja da dabarun da suka kawo raguwar yaƙin karusa. Bayan rushewar, canje-canje a hankali a cikin Fasahar ƙarfe sun haifar da Iron Age na gaba a duk faɗin Turai, Asiya, da Afirka a lokacin karni na 1 BC. Masana a ƙarshen karni na 20 da farkon karni na 21 sun gabatar da ra'ayoyin cewa rushewar ta fi iyakancewa a sikelin da fa'ida fiye da yadda aka yi tunani a baya.
Kyautar karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masanin tarihin Jamus Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren ya fara rubuta rugujewar Late Bronze Age zuwa 1200 BC. A cikin tarihin 1817 na Tsohon Girka, Heeren ya bayyana cewa lokacin farko na tarihin Girka ya ƙare a wannan lokacin, bisa ga kwanan wata na faduwar Troy zuwa 1190 BC. A shekara ta 1826, ya rubuta ƙarshen Daular Masar ta goma sha tara zuwa kusan lokaci guda. Ƙarin abubuwan da aka rubuta a farkon rabin karni na 12 BC sun haɗa da mamayewar Mutanen Tekun, faduwar Girka da Kassites a Babila, da kuma sassaƙa Merneptah Stele, da kuma lalata jihohin Ugarit da Amorite a Levant, raguwar Jihohin Luwian na yammacin Anatolia, da kuma lokacin rikici a Kan'ana. Rashin lalacewar waɗannan gwamnatoci ya katse hanyoyin kasuwanci kuma ya haifar da raguwar yawan karatu da rubutu a yawancin wannan yank[1]
Tattaunawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da farko, masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa a farkon wannan lokacin, kusan kowane birni tsakanin Pylos da Gaza an lalata shi da tashin hankali, kuma an watsar da mutane da yawa, ciki har da Hattusa, Mycenae, da Ugarit, tare da Robert Drews yana da'awar cewa, "A cikin shekaru arba'in zuwa hamsin a ƙarshen karni na goma sha uku da farkon karni na goma ya ɓace kusan kowane birane a gabashin Bahar Rum, da yawa daga cikinsu ba za a sake mamaye su ba".
Koyaya, bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa Drews ya wuce gona da iri yawan biranen da aka lalata kuma ya ambaci lalacewar da ba ta taɓa faruwa ba.