Rushewar banki
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| Iri |
natural phenomenon (en)  |
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| Sanadi |
watercourse (en) |
Rushewar banki shine lalacewar bakin rafi ko kogin. Wannan ya bambanta da rushewar gado na ruwa, wanda ake kira annoba.
Tushen bishiyoyi da ke girma a gefen rafi suna raguwa ta hanyar irin wannan rushewa. Yayin da tushen ke ɗaure ƙasa sosai, suna samar da ƙuƙwalwa waɗanda ke fitowa a kan ruwa. Wadannan suna da tasiri sosai a kan kudi da ci gaban lalacewa.
Aunawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don auna yawan lalacewar kogin. Hanyar kai tsaye ita ce saka sandunan ƙarfe (wanda ake kira "pin na rushewa") a cikin banki da kuma nuna matsayin bankin tare da sandunan a lokuta daban-daban. Wannan dabarar auna mai sauƙi za a iya inganta ta hanyar amfani da mai ɗaukar bayanai da aka haɗe da sandar masu karɓar hoto; mai ɗaukar hoto yana yin rikodin ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke nuna yawan sandar da aka fallasa. Wata hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce Bincike ɓangaren rafi akai-akai a tsawon lokaci. Wannan yana auna yawan lalacewa ban da canje-canje a cikin lissafin bankunan rafi. Ana iya amfani da hotunan sararin samaniya da tauraron dan adam don auna yawan lalacewar banki da ƙaurawar tashar kogi a manyan ma'auni ta hanyar kwatanta wuraren banki a lokuta daban-daban. A ƙarshe, akwai hanyoyi da yawa da ba a saba amfani da su ba kamar amfani da sedimentology ko shekarun itace don lissafin ƙimar lalacewa ta hanyar kimanta wuraren tarihi na tashar kogi.[1]
Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai manyan hanyoyin biyu na rushewar bankin rafi: rushewar Kogin da gazawar taro. Rushewar ruwa shine cirewa kai tsaye na ƙwayoyin ƙasa ta hanyar ruwa mai gudana. An ƙayyade yawan lalacewar ruwa ta hanyar ƙarfin ruwa mai gudana (misali saurin gudana daidai yake da ƙarfi) da juriya na kayan banki ga lalacewa (misali yumɓu gabaɗaya ya fi tsayayya da lalacewa fiye da yashi). Rashin daidaituwa yana faruwa ne lokacin da nauyin bankin rafi ya fi ƙarfin ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da bankin ya rushe. Wannan tsari ya dogara da dalilai da yawa ciki har da ƙarfin ciki na ƙasa (misali yumɓu vs. yashi), abun ciki na ruwa, da ciyayi. Wadannan matakai biyu na rushewa suna da alaƙa kamar yadda rushewar kogi na kasan bankin ke haifar da kusurwar banki mai tsayi ko ginshiƙan ƙasa waɗanda suka fi rashin daidaituwa kuma suna iya rushewa.
Sauran matakai na rushewa sun haɗa da sake zagayowar wankewa da bushewa ko daskarewa da narkewa wanda ke raunana ƙasar banki kuma ya sa ya fi sa ya zama mai saukin lalacewa. Wani nau'i na rushewa ana kiransa rushewar ruwa. Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da ruwan kasa ya fito daga bankin rafi tare da isasshen ƙarfi don lalata kayan banki. Idan an mayar da hankali, ana iya kiran lalacewar ruwa saboda "pipe" na ƙasa ya lalace.[2]
Shuke-shuke
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shuke-shuke na iya yin tasiri sosai a kan lalacewar banki. Gabaɗaya, bankunan da ke da ciyayi suna lalacewa a hankali fiye da waɗanda ba su da su. Shuke-shuke masu yawa da ke girma a fuskar bankin na iya karkatar da ruwa mai gudana kuma ya hana rushewar kogin. Tushen gabaɗaya yana ƙara ƙarfin kayan banki, yana sa banki ya zama ƙasa da gazawar jama'a. Koyaya, itatuwa na iya ƙara nauyi mai mahimmanci ga saman bankunan rafi kuma yana iya rage kwanciyar hankali.
Gudanarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rushewar banki tsari ne na halitta: ba tare da shi ba, koguna ba za su yi yawo ba kuma su canza hanya. Koyaya, tsarin kula da ƙasa wanda ke canza hydrograph da / ko murfin ciyayi na iya yin aiki don ƙarawa ko rage yawan ƙaura na tashar. A wurare da yawa, ko bankunan ba su da kwanciyar hankali saboda ayyukan ɗan adam, mutane suna ƙoƙarin riƙe kogi a wuri ɗaya. Ana iya yin wannan don farfado da muhalli ko don hana kogi canza hanyar zuwa ƙasar da mutane ke amfani da ita. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake yin wannan shine ta hanyar sanya riprap ko gabions a bakin bankin. Wata hanyar ita ce ta amfani da tsarin sabuntawa na rafi, kamar su log vanes, cross vanes, ko yatsan ƙafa.[3] Hanyar halitta ta yau da kullun don rage lalacewar banki ita ce sake gabatar da nau'ikan shuke-shuke na asali a yankin. Tsarin tushen waɗannan tsire-tsire suna ba da tallafi a cikin ƙasa kuma suna hana rushewa saboda ruwan sama.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Lawler, D. M. (1993). "The measurement of river bank erosion and lateral channel change: A review". Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 18 (9): 777–821. Bibcode:1993ESPL...18..777L. doi:10.1002/esp.3290180905 – via Research Gate.
- ↑ Fox, GA; Wilson, GV (2010). "The role of subsurface flow in hillslope and stream bank erosion: A review". Soil Science Society of America Journal. 74 (3): 717–733. Bibcode:2010SSASJ..74..717F. doi:10.2136/sssaj2009.0319. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-23.
- ↑ "The Fundamentals of Stream Restoration - Water & Land Solutions" (in Turanci). 2021-07-02. Retrieved 2022-11-30.