Rushewar duniya

Rushewar duniya shine raguwar adadin hasken rana da ke isa saman duniya Yana faruwa ne ta hanyar abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi, galibin sulfate aerosols, waxanda suke da gurbacewar iska. An lura da dusar ƙanƙara a duniya jim kaɗan bayan fara tsarin ma'aunin hasken rana na farko a cikin 1950s. Wannan raunin da ake iya gani na hasken rana ya ci gaba a cikin adadin 4-5% a kowace shekara goma har zuwa 1980s. A cikin wadannan shekaru, gurbacewar iska ta karu saboda bunkasar masana'antu bayan yakin. Ayyukan hasken rana bai bambanta fiye da yadda aka saba ba a wannan lokacin.

Aerosols yana da tasiri mai sanyaya yanayi a cikin ƙasa, kuma dusashewar duniya ya rufe girman ɗumamar yanayi da aka fuskanta a yau, tare da mafi ƙazantattun yankuna har ma suna samun sanyi a cikin 1970s.[1][6]. Dusar ƙanƙara ta duniya ta yi katsalandan ga zagayowar ruwa ta hanyar rage ƙawancen ruwa, don haka mai yiwuwa ya rage ruwan sama a wasu wurare.[1] Wataƙila ya raunana damina ta Kudancin Asiya kuma ya haifar da bel ɗin ruwan sama gaba ɗaya ya koma kudu tsakanin 1950 zuwa 1985, tare da ƙarancin murmurewa daga baya.[7][8][9] Matsayin da aka samu na gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu a Arewacin Hemisphere ya haifar ko aƙalla ya ƙara tsananta gazawar damina a bayan yunwar Habasha ta 1984.[10][11][12][13]

Tun daga shekarun 1980, raguwar gurɓataccen iska ya haifar da koma baya na yanayin dimming, wani lokaci ana kiranta da haskaka duniya.[1] Wannan haske na duniya ya ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka dumamar yanayi, wanda ya fara a cikin 1990s.[1][6] Dangane da tsarin yanayi, tasirin iskar iska mai yuwuwa ya yi daidai da 0.5 ° C (0.9 °F) na dumamar yanayi kamar na 2021.[14] Yayin da kasashe ke kokarin rage yawan gurbacewar iska ga lafiyar jama'arsu, ana sa ran tasirin da ake samu kan dumamar yanayi zai kara raguwa.[15] Yanayin yanayin yanayin da ake buƙata don saduwa da 1.5 ° C (2.7 ° F) da 2 ° C (3.6 ° F) hari sun haɗa da raguwar matakan da ake hasashen aerosol.[14] Duk da haka, samfurin simintin tasirin iskar iska akan tsarin yanayi ya kasance marasa tabbas.[16][17]

Hanyoyin da ke bayan dusashewar duniya sun yi kama da allurar aerosol stratospheric. Wannan wani shiri ne na shiga tsakani na aikin injiniyan hasken rana wanda ke da nufin magance dumamar yanayi ta hanyar fitar da iskar iska mai haske da gangan.[18] Allurar aerosol na Stratospheric na iya yin tasiri sosai wajen tsayawa ko juyar da dumamar yanayi amma kuma zai yi tasiri sosai kan yanayin ruwan duniya, yanayin yanki, da kuma yanayin muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a aiwatar da shi tsawon ƙarni don hana dawowa cikin sauri da tashin hankali na ɗumamar.[19]