Rushewar ruwa
 Rushewar ruwa | |
|---|---|
pollution type (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
debris (en) da shara |
| Ta jiki ma'amala da |
ocean (en) |
Rushewar ruwa, wanda aka fi sani da datti na ruwa, abu ne mai ƙarfi wanda aka halicce shi da gangan ko ba zato ba tsammani a cikin teku ko teku. Rushewar teku mai iyo yana tarawa a tsakiyar gyres da kan bakin teku, sau da yawa yana wankewa a kan tudu, lokacin da aka sani da layin rairayin bakin teku ko tidewrack. Gudanar da sharar gida a teku ana kiranta zubar da teku. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na halitta, kamar su Driftwood da drift seeds, suma suna nan. Tare da karuwar amfani da filastik, tasirin ɗan adam ya zama matsala kamar yadda nau'ikan filastik da yawa (petrochemical) ba sa lalacewa da sauri, kamar yadda zai kasance kayan halitta ko kwayoyin halitta.[1] Mafi girman nau'in gurɓataccen filastik (~ 10%) da kuma mafi yawan manyan filastik a cikin teku an watsar da su kuma sun rasa taru daga masana'antar kamun kifi.[2] Gilashin ruwa yana haifar da mummunar barazana ga kifi, tsuntsayen teku, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da Dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma jiragen ruwa da bakin teku.[3]
Dumping, kwararar kwantena, datti da aka wanke a cikin ruwan hadari da hanyoyin ruwa da kuma sharar gida da iska ke hurawa duk suna taimakawa ga wannan matsala. Wannan karuwar gurɓataccen ruwa ya haifar da mummunar sakamako mai tsanani kamar yadda aka watsar da tarkon kamun kifi da ke kama dabbobi, tarwatsa tarkace na filastik a cikin manyan wuraren shara na ruwa, da kuma karuwar tarwatsawar gurɓata a cikin jerin abinci.
A kokarin hanawa da kuma sasanta tarkace na ruwa da gurbatawa, an karɓi dokoki da manufofi a duniya, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ciki har da rage gurbataccen ruwa a cikin Manufar Ci Gaban 14 "Rayuwa a Ruwa". Dangane da dacewa da batutuwan da matakan gudummawa daban-daban, wasu ƙasashe sun gabatar da wasu manufofi na kariya. Bugu da ƙari, wasu masu zaman kansu, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin gwamnati suna haɓaka shirye-shirye don tattara da cire filastik daga teku. Koyaya, a cikin 2017 Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa nan da shekara ta 2050 za a sami filastik fiye da kifi a cikin teku idan ba a dauki matakai masu mahimmanci ba.[4]
Nau'o'in
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Masu bincike suna rarraba tarkace a matsayin ko dai ƙasa ko teku; a cikin 1991, Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Al'amuran Kimiyya na Ƙazantar Ruwa ta kiyasta cewa har zuwa 80% na gurɓataccen ƙasa ne, [5] tare da sauran 20% daga abubuwan bala'i ko tushen teku. [6] Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya gano cewa fiye da rabin tarkace na filastik da aka samu a bakin tekun Koriya na teku ne.[7]
Abubuwa iri-iri da mutum ya yi na iya zama tarkace na ruwa; jakar filastik, balloons, buoys, igiya, sharar likita, gilashi da kwalabe na filastik. Zobba na kunshin shida, musamman, ana ɗaukar su alama ce ta matsalar.[8]
Sojojin Amurka sun yi amfani da zubar da ruwa a teku don Makamai da bama-bamai da ba a yi amfani da su ba, gami da bama-mamai na yau da kullun, kayan aiki marasa fashewa (UXO), ma'adanai da makamai masu guba daga akalla 1919 har zuwa 1970. An zubar da miliyoyin fam na kayan aiki a cikin Tekun Mexico da kuma bakin tekun akalla jihohi 16, daga New Jersey zuwa Hawaii (ko da yake waɗannan, ba shakka, ba sa wankewa a bakin teku, kuma Amurka ba ita kadai ce ƙasar da ta yi wannan ba).
Kashi tamanin cikin dari na tarkacewar ruwa filastik ne. Filastik suna tarawa saboda yawanci ba sa lalacewa kamar yadda wasu abubuwa da yawa suke yi. Suna photodegrade a kan hasken rana, kodayake suna yin hakan ne kawai a yanayin bushe, yayin da ruwa ke hana photolysis.[9] A cikin binciken 2014 ta amfani da samfuran kwamfuta, masana kimiyya daga rukuni na 5 Gyres, sun kiyasta biliyan 5.25 na filastik mai nauyin tan 269,000 an warwatse su a cikin teku a irin wannan adadin a Arewa da Kudancin Hemispheres.[10]
Rashin masana'antu na ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu kayayyaki da ayyukan da ake amfani da su a cikin ayyukan masana'antu waɗanda ba sa raguwa cikin sauri, waɗanda ke dawwama a cikin muhalli, kuma sukan taru akan lokaci. Ayyukan na iya haɗawa da masana'antar kamun kifi, kwale-kwale, da masana'antar kiwo waɗanda ke girbi ko amfani da albarkatu a cikin magudanar ruwa kuma suna iya yin asara ko jefar da kayan aiki, kayan aiki, injina ko datti daga hanyoyin masana'antu zuwa cikin ruwa ko kan tudu. Wannan na iya haɗawa da duk wani abu mai girma kamar jirgin ruwan kamun kifi ko ƙanƙanta kamar barbashi daga tudun lobster Styrofoam. A cikin 2003, an gudanar da bincike don gano nau'ikan, adadi, tushe, da kuma tasirin tarkacen ruwa na masana'antu na ci gaba a cikin ruwan tekun da kuma gabar tekun Charlotte County, New Brunswick, da kuma bincika duk wata alaƙa tsakanin adadin da nau'ikan tarkace na masana'antar ruwa na masana'antu, da nau'ikan da lambobi na ayyukan masana'antu a kusa. Kayan aiki kamar filastik ko kumfa na iya rushewa zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna iya kama da ƙananan halittun teku ga namun daji kamar tsuntsaye, cetaceans, da kifi, kuma suna iya cin waɗannan barbashi. Abubuwan da ba za a iya narkewa ba na iya tarawa a cikin hanji suna haifar da toshewa ko rashin jin daɗin cikawa kuma a ƙarshe mutuwa daga rashin ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Graham, Rachel (10 July 2019). "Euronews Living | Watch: Italy's answer to the problem with plastic". living.
- ↑ "Dumped fishing gear is biggest plastic polluter in ocean, finds report". The Guardian (in Turanci). 2019-11-06. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
- ↑ "Facts about marine debris". US NOAA. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2008.
- ↑ "FEATURE: UN's mission to keep plastics out of oceans and marine life". UN News (in Turanci). 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
- ↑ Sheavly, S. B.; Register, K. M. (2007). "Marine Debris & Plastics: Environmental Concerns, Sources, Impacts and Solutions". Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 15 (4): 301–305. Bibcode:2007JPEnv..15..301S. doi:10.1007/s10924-007-0074-3. S2CID 136943560.
- ↑ Weiss, K.R. (2017). "The pileup of plastic debris is more than ugly ocean litter". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-120717-211902. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017.
- ↑ Jang, Yong Chang; Lee, Jongmyoung; Hong, Sunwook; Lee, Jong Su; Shim, Won Joon; Song, Young Kyoung (6 July 2014). "Sources of plastic marine debris on beaches of Korea: More from the ocean than the land". Ocean Science Journal. 49 (2): 151–162. Bibcode:2014OSJ....49..151J. doi:10.1007/s12601-014-0015-8. S2CID 85429593.
- ↑ Cecil Adams (16 July 1999). "Should you cut up six-pack rings so they don't choke sea birds?". The Straight Dope. Archived from the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ↑ Alan Weisman (Summer 2007). "Polymers Are Forever". Orion magazine. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
- ↑ "5 Trillion Pieces of Ocean Trash Found, But Fewer Particles Than Expected". 2014-12-13. Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2015.