Ruth Williams Khama
 Ruth Williams Khama | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Blackheath (en)  , 9 Disamba 1923 |
| ƙasa | Botswana |
| Mutuwa | Gaborone, 22 Mayu 2002 |
| Makwanci | Serowe (mul) |
| Yanayin mutuwa | Sababi na ainihi (esophageal cancer (en) Throat Cancer (en) ) |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | George Williams |
| Abokiyar zama | Seretse Khama |
| Yara | view
|
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | ɗan siyasa |
| Aikin soja | |
| Fannin soja | Royal Air Force (mul) |
| Ya faɗaci | Yakin Duniya na II |
| Imani | |
| Jam'iyar siyasa | Botswana Democratic Party (en) |
Ruth Williams Khama, Lady Khama (wacce aka haifa a Williams ; 9 ga Disamba 1923 - 22 ga Mayu 2002) ita ce matar shugaban Botswana na farko Sir Seretse Khama, Babban Basaraken ƙabilar Bamangwato . Ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Botswana na farko daga 1966 zuwa 1980. [1]
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Khama a titin Meadowcourt, Blackheath a Kudancin London, 'yar George da Dorothy Williams. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin a rundunar sojojin Burtaniya a Indiya, [2] kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a fannin shayi. Tana da 'yar'uwa, Muriel (daga baya Muriel Sanderson), wacce ta kasance kusa da ita. [3]
Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Eltham Hill Grammar School sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin direban motar asibiti ta WAAF a filayen jirgin sama daban-daban a kudancin Ingila a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . [4] Bayan yaƙin, ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda ga Cuthbert Heath, wani kamfanin masu ba da lasisi a Lloyd's of London . [5]
Aure
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A watan Yunin 1947, a wani rawa a Nutford House wanda ƙungiyar London Missionary Society ta shirya, 'yar uwarta ta gabatar da ita ga Yarima Seretse Khama . Shi ɗan Kgosi ne (wani laƙabi na Bamangwato wanda ya yi daidai da "sarki", kodayake gwamnatin Burtaniya ta fi son "babban shugaban ƙasa"), Sekgoma II, na mutanen Bamangwato kuma yana karatun lauya a Inner Temple da ke Landan bayan shekara guda a Kwalejin Balliol, Oxford . Ma'auratan duka masoyan kiɗan jazz ne, musamman The Ink Spots, kuma cikin sauri suka kamu da soyayya. Seretse Khama shine baƙar fata na farko da ta taɓa yin magana da shi. Shirin aurensu ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce tsakanin dattawa a Bechuanaland da gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu, wacce kwanan nan ta kafa tsarin wariyar launin fata da aka sani da wariyar launin fata . [6]
Birtaniya na ƙera bam ɗin atomic wanda aka ga ya zama dole don ci gaba da ikirarin Birtaniya na zama babbar ƙasa kuma an ji yana da mahimmanci cewa wadatar uranium daga cikin Commonwealth ta fito; Afirka ta Kudu tana da uranium mai yawa wanda za a iya haƙo shi da araha ta hanyar haƙo rami a buɗe a kan filin daga masu hakar ma'adinai baƙaƙen Afirka ta Kudu waɗanda ake biyan su albashi ƙasa da na fararen fata. Haka kuma ana iya samun uranium a wasu wurare a cikin Commonwealth kamar daga Kanada, amma an haƙo uranium na Kanada ta hanyar haƙo rami mai zurfi a arewa mai nisa ta hanyar masu haƙo ma'adinai masu albashi mai kyau, wanda hakan ya sa uranium na Kanada ya fi tsada fiye da uranium na Afirka ta Kudu. Saboda dalilai na farashi, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta fi son siyan uranium na Afirka ta Kudu don shirin bam ɗin atomic ɗinta. [7]
Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta bayyana karara cewa shirye-shiryenta na samar da sinadarin uranium don shirin nukiliya na Birtaniya ya dogara ne da dakatar da auren. [7] Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta shiga tsakani don dakatar da auren. Ruth da Seretse 'yan Anglican ne waɗanda ke son yin aure a cikin Cocin Ingila, amma babu ɗayansu da ya sami firist da ke son aurensu. Bishop na London, William Wand, ya ce zai ba da izinin auren coci ne kawai idan gwamnati ta amince. [8]
Ma'auratan sun yi aure a Ofishin Rijista na Kensington a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1948. Auren ya jawo hankalin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa kamar yadda ɗan jaridar Kanada Mackenzie Porter ya rubuta a shekarar 1952: "Masu Jarida sun ɗauki aurensu a matsayin labarai na farko. A nan, suna kawar da duk haɗarin da ya san yana cikin [auren tsakanin kabilu], shine ɗan gidan tsohon gidan Khama mai daraja ... Kuma a nan, yana neman zama sarauniyar Afirka, akwai wata yarinya 'yar Ingila mai aiki wacce aka rene ta ba ta tsammanin komai ba fiye da gidan da ke da ɗan rabe a ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan kwanan dalibai na London da mijinta wanda kowace safiya yakan sanya hular kwano, ya kama laimarsa ya hau bas mai hawa biyu ja zuwa birni." DF Malan, Firayim Ministan Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin, ya bayyana aurensu a matsayin "mai tashin hankali". [8] [9] Julius Nyerere, wanda a lokacin malamin ɗalibi ne kuma daga baya Shugaban Tanzaniya, ya ce "ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan labaran soyayya na duniya". [10]
Zuwan Bechuanaland
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ma'auratan sun koma Bechuanaland, wani yanki na mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya, inda kawun Seretse Tshekedi Khama yake sarauta. Ga mutanen Bamangwato, ana ɗaukar matar sarki a matsayin uwar dukkan mutanen Bamangwato, kuma ga Yarima Tshekedi, ba za a iya tunanin cewa mace farar fata za ta iya taka wannan rawar ba. Yarima Tshekedi ya yi kira ga Ofishin Mulkin Mallaka na Burtaniya da ya tilasta wa Seretse ya yi watsi da matarsa ko kuma ya yi watsi da da'awarsa ta sarauta. [8]
A zaɓen Afirka ta Kudu na 1948, Jam'iyyar National Party ta Afirkaner mai ra'ayin 'yan jam'iyyar Republican da kuma masu adawa da Birtaniya ta yi nasara, kuma tsoron cewa Firayim Minista Malan zai iya ayyana Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin jamhuriya ya sa gwamnatocin Birtaniya suka yi ta neman faranta wa Malan rai, wanda ya bayyana karara cewa bai amince da auren Khamas ba. Malan ya haramta wa Khamas biyu daga Afirka ta Kudu. [11] Wata jaridar Cape Town ta kira Ruth "wawayar yarinya jahili". [11] Kasancewar "Sarauniyar Fari" - kamar yadda jaridun Afirka ta Kudu suka kira Ruth - an ɗauke shi a matsayin barazana ga wariyar launin fata kuma jaridu da dama na Afirka ta Kudu sun yi kira da a mamaye Bechuanaland idan aka bar "Sarauniyar Fari" ta zauna. [11]
Zuwan Ruth Bechuanaland a watan Agusta na 1949 ya zo daidai da mafi kyawun lokacin ruwan sama a cikin shekaru da dama, wanda Bamangwato ya ɗauke shi a matsayin abin tunawa, wanda ya yi mata lakabi da "Sarauniyar Ruwan Sama". [1] Ruth ta halarci bikin Bamangwato inda wata babbar ƙungiyar mata ta kewaye ta, suna rera waƙa yayin da suke ɗauke da bokiti na ruwa ko masara kafin su durƙusa su miƙa mata ruwa da masara yayin da suke shelar "Ke ce uwar mu duka!" [1] Saboda mummunar talla, Ruth Khama ba ta son yin magana da 'yan jarida, waɗanda ta ƙi. Yawancin labaran jaridu sun nuna ita da mijinta a cikin wani yanayi mara daɗi, wanda ya ɓata mata rai ƙwarai; wani abin kunya nata shine gano kurakuran da ke cikin labaran jaridu kamar ikirarin cewa maki na mijinta a Haikalin Cikin Gida ya ragu bayan ya fara soyayya da ita. [1]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Ramsay, Jeff (2021-07-01). "Seretse Khama Centenary: A profile of our first president". Mmegi Online (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-22.
- ↑ "The "Unfortunate Marriage" of Seretse Khama | Inner Temple" (in Turanci). Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ↑ "Sir Seretse Khama's sister in law, Muriel Sanderson, is no more". Mmegi Online (in Turanci). 2015-06-29. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
- ↑ Donnelly, Marea (16 December 2016). "How a mixed-race love affair caused an international furore". The Daily Telegraph (in Turanci). Retrieved 30 May 2020.
- ↑ "The "Unfortunate Marriage" of Seretse Khama | Inner Temple". www.innertemple.org.uk (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-05-15.
- ↑ "Botswana - Botswana since independence". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Turanci). Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- 1 2 Williams 2006.
- 1 2 3 Arnold, Guy (2002-05-29). "Obituary: Lady Ruth Khama". the Guardian (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-01-01. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "guardian" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ "Lady Khama". www.telegraph.co.uk. 24 May 2002. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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